Odisha Case Study

Question 1

Where is Odisha

Answer 1

SE of India bordering the bay of bengal

Question 2

how much coastline does Odisha have

Answer 2

480km

Question 3

what two regions border odisha

Answer 3

Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal

Question 4

what does the coast do for Odisha

Answer 4

supports most of the population which is based on agriculture

Question 5

why is the population base in agriculture

Answer 5

relatively fertile soil and its of deltas and plains with sedimentary deposits

Question 6

what landforms does Odisha have

Answer 6

depositional

Question 7

How many deltas on the Odisha plain

Answer 7

6 major deltas

Question 8

What is the name of one of the Deltas in Odisha

Answer 8

Mahandi

Question 9

what are the environmental opportunities for human occupation and development for tourism

Answer 9

wide variety of flora and fauna on the coast and marine habitat

Question 10

Where is there energy opportunity in Odisha

Answer 10

offshore, tidal and wave power

Question 11

what are cultural opportunities in Odisha

Answer 11

Archaeology along the coast
Tourist beaches and wildlife sancturies

Question 12

What is the name of hte bird sanctuary

Answer 12

Chilika lake bird sanctuary

Question 13

how many species in the lake Chilika lake bird sanctuary

Answer 13

150

Question 14

what has lead to erosion rates increasing

Answer 14

human intervention through hard engineering

Question 15

what hard engineering has occurred

Answer 15

sea walls to protect ports

Question 16

what has happened due to hard engineering

Answer 16

removal of important sediment and exacerbating erosion elsewhere

Question 17

what will be increasingly threatened by coastal erosion in the future

Answer 17

population growth and infrastructure

Question 18

What has the government said about hard engineering

Answer 18

they want to halt natural processes with sea walls and other structures which only causes worse erosion further downwind causing sand sinks to be starved

Question 19

what is the risk of cyclones in Odisha

Answer 19

vulnerability to storm surges and tsunamis has increased and longer term, sea level rise due to climate change

Question 20

what was the October 2013 cyclone called

Answer 20

Cyclone Phailin

Question 21

when was cyclone Phailin

Answer 21

October 2013

Question 22

what was the max wind speed in cyclone Phailin

Answer 22

over 200mph

Question 23

how many people evacuated in cyclone Phailin

Answer 23

1 million

Question 24

What was the area of crops destroyed by cyclone Phailin

Answer 24

500,000ha

Question 25

what was the economic loss of cyclone Phailin

Answer 25

$700,000

Question 26

what was the average mangrove forest width 50 years ago

Answer 26

5.1km

Question 27

what is the current average mangrove forest width

Answer 27

1.2km

Question 28

what proportion of land is agricultural

Answer 28

1/3

Question 29

what proportion of agricultural land is rice

Answer 29

3/4 (no diversity so not sustainable anyway if markets change)

Question 30

why is there low yield for rice in Odisha

Answer 30

moderate soil quality Limited fertiliser

Question 31

where does the majority of energy come from in Odisha

Answer 31

Mahandi river Hydro electricity

Question 32

what is the other main industry in odisha

Answer 32

mineral resource extraction

Question 33

what Resources are there available to be mined in Odisha

Answer 33

chromite Bauxite Manganese Graphite Nickel

Question 34

What proportion of mangroves have been lost

Answer 34

1/3

Question 35

where are the mangroves situated

Answer 35

straddling the coast and sea

Question 36

why are magroves specially adapted

Answer 36

the harsh storms and salty water don’t kill then

Question 37

what proportion of tropical fish are born in mangroves

Answer 37

3/4

Question 38

what depends on mangroves for water

Answer 38

coral reefs require mangroves to filter out toxins from the water

Question 39

What proportion of Odisha’s coastline is considered to be stable

Answer 39

15%>

Question 40

what are the two sections of the ICZM of Odisha

Answer 40

Pradeep to Dhamra Gopalpur to Chilika

Question 41

what institutions are managing the ICZm in Odisha

Answer 41

indian gov, WB, Odisha gov

Question 42

what is the ICZM aiming to achieve

Answer 42

to coordinate the various stakeholders to create sustainable management

Question 43

What were the aims of the project?

Answer 43

EC + S development Solve conflicts of interest Protect coast and jobs

Question 44

what were the issues identified in Odisha

Answer 44

erosion mainly due to hard engineering Loss of biodiversity Natural disaster vulnerability Fragmented coastal management

Question 45

what was the Mahandi Delta management for

Answer 45

sever mangrove loss due to overdevelopment Rising sea levels and more frequent and more intense cyclones decreases QoL

Question 46

what happened in the 1999 super-cyclone

Answer 46

Cyclone Kalina caused: Villages 4km< from mangroves to have no death Villages 3lm> to experience fatalities (Shows how effective they are)

Question 47

what were the actions in Odisha taken by the governing bodies

Answer 47

Wetlands international (an NGO) the Indian and Odisha gov. took charge of the the mangrove restoration

Question 48

what did the ICZM hold which were important

Answer 48

public consultations with villages about erosion, eco tourism, cyclone shelters and mangrove planting

Question 49

why are mangrove projects favourable over other methods

Answer 49

natural solutions are favourable over hard engineering