Odisha (Coasts)

Question 1

Where is Odisha located

Answer 1

Odisha is a state on India’s south-east coast. It is along the Bay of Bengal.

Question 2

How long is the Odisha coastline

Answer 2

it is 480 km

Question 3

What opportunities does the Odisha coast have for energy development

Answer 3

There’s huge potential for offshore wind, wave, and tidal power

There are also offshore gas and oil reserves

Question 4

What opportunities does the Odisha coast have for mineral development

Answer 4

35% of the coast has deposits of heavy metals and sedimentary materials such as limestone.

There is also the opportunity for offshore seabed mining

Question 5

What opportunities does the Odisha coast have for food production

Answer 5

many people are employed in fishing and aquaculture due to the large stocks of fish and sea plants.

Question 6

How much of the Odisha coast is protected by hard engineering

Answer 6

9.8 km (out of 480 km)

Question 7

What percent of the Odisha coast is accreting (gaining) sediment. Which areas is this happening in

Answer 7

45% of the coast.

It is occurring mainly in the major deltas found in the north (such as the Mahanadi Delta)

Question 8

What are the risks for human occupation and development along the Odisha coast

Answer 8

There are risks from storm surges, tropical storms, and tsunamis.
Any hard engineering strategies may shift erosion down drift and threaten sensitive habitats (like salt marshes).
Upstream HEP projects reduce sediment flow from rivers.

Question 9

What percent of the coast is eroding in Odisha and where is most of this erosion found

Answer 9

37% is eroding

The erosion is focused mainly in the south. Much of this area has hard engineering defences in place to protect infrastructure.

Question 10

What percent of the coast is stable in Odisha

Answer 10

14 %

Question 11

How does the dense mangrove vegetation in Bhadrak impact accretion rates

Answer 11

The mangroves drive accretion to be >= 50% higher than anywhere else along the coast

Question 12

How do erosion and accretion rates vary seasonally in Odisha

Answer 12

variations in wave energy and river flow cause greater accretion in summer and greater erosion in winter.

Question 13

What risks are presented by tropical storms.

Question 14

Which groups form the ICZM

Answer 14

• The Government of Odisha
• The World Bank
• The Ministry of the Environment, Forests, and Climate Change (Indian Govt)

Question 15

what does ICZM stand for

Answer 15

Integrated Coastal Zone Management

Question 16

When did the ICZM begin

Answer 16

2010

Question 17

How much of the coast does the ICZM encompass?

Answer 17

the ICZM is 196 km long

Question 18

How has the ICZM reduced dependence on the depleting marine resources. How many people has this impacted?

Answer 18

Financial aid has been granted to set up alternative practices such as poultry farming

It has impacted 7,500 families

Question 19

How does reducing dependence on depleting marine resources help the population of Odisha?

Answer 19

It makes the people more economically secure (since they’re less vulnerable to loss of fish stock) and less vulnerable to climate change impacting their livelihood.

Question 20

How much money was raised to reduce dependence on depleting marine resources (in rupees and GBP)?

Answer 20

8 crore, 35 lakh, 39,311 rupees (83.5 million rupees)

£ 797,100 (can round to £800k)

Question 21

Where has the development of ecotourism been centered in Odisha? how many sites?

Answer 21

it is centered at 6 different sites around Chilika Lake

Question 22

How has the development of ecotourism in Odisha impacted the local community?

Answer 22

There’s been a roughly 55% rise in employment and income for the beneficiaries

Question 23

How has the number of people visiting the ecotourism sites changed due to the ICZM’s developments

Answer 23

There’s been an increase of 30%

Question 24

How many cyclone shelters have been built by the ICZM?

Answer 24

14

Question 25

Name one city which has had cyclone shelters built by the ICZM. Whereabouts is this city?

Answer 25

Puri, near to Chilika Lake

Question 26

How many people can each individual cyclone shelter accommodate

Answer 26

1,000 or perhaps 14,000 i will have to check later

Question 27

what else can the cyclone shelters be used for?

Answer 27

They can be used as classrooms and for vaccination programs

Question 28

How many hectares of mangroves have been planted by the ICZM?

Answer 28

323 Ha

Question 29

What are the two purposes of the planted mangroves in Odisha?

Answer 29

To conserve biodiversity To act as a shelterbelt for the coast

Question 30

Which two species has the ICZM introduced protections for?

Answer 30

Olive Ridley Turtles Estuarine Crocodiles

Question 31

What defences have been installed by the ICZM? How many people has this benefitted?

Answer 31

505 metres of geotextile embankments (soft engineering) 41,222 people benefit from this

Question 32

How has the ICZM's soft engineering defences against beach erosion benefit farmers?

Answer 32

6,900 Ha of productive farmland is now protected from saltwater intrusion

Question 33

How did the mangroves influence the effects of the 1999 Cyclone Kalina?

Answer 33

villages behind >= 4km of mangroves saw 0 deaths. Those behind 3km of mangroves saw a sharp rise in death toll

Question 34

How does the ICZM support sustainable development in the area?

Answer 34

it provides long term protection against hazard events and erosion through the use of mangroves. It promotes economic activities that aid growth while moving away from the traditional unsustainable activities like shrimp aquaculture and fishing

Question 35

How effective is the ICZM on a spatial scale?

Answer 35

From a spatial perspective, relatively low. It only covers 196 / 480 km (40%). This leaves some areas excluded from the benefits while also meaning that those areas may conduct practices that harm down drift ICZM areas.

Question 36

How do mangroves aid in protecting and preventing floods?

Answer 36

the mangroves accrete sediment in their roots as they grow. This accretion hastens during floods as the water rises higher. Eventually a layer of sediment will build up that acts as a natural flood embankment defence.

Question 37

How effective will the ICZM be on a temporal scale

Answer 37

The ICZM will likely be quite effective in the long term as it makes use of natural processes (mangroves) to defend against natural hazards (cyclones, floods) as they naturally would.