Oesophagus,Stomach, Small and Large intestines, Annus

Question 1

Where is the oesophagus

Answer 1

Located at the back of mediastinum, behind the trachea, in front of vertebrea.

Question 2

What type of tissue is the oesophagus

Answer 2

Fibromuscular

Question 3

Where does the oesophagus run

Answer 3

Behind the heart, through the diaphragm into the stomach

Question 4

Length of the oesophagus

Answer 4

~25cm

Question 5

What is the hole that the oesophagus passes through the diaphragmatic perforation

Answer 5

Oesophageal hiatus

Question 6

Function of upper oesophageal sphincter

Answer 6

To close oesophagus when food is not being swallowed

Question 7

Function of lower oesophageal sphincter

Answer 7

To close oesophagus when food is not being swallowed

Question 8

Location of lower oesophageal sphincter

Answer 8

Opening to stomach

Question 9

Regions of stomach

Answer 9

• cardiac region
• fundic region
• body of stomach
• pyloric region

Question 10

Function of cardiac region

Answer 10

where to contents of oesophagus empty into

Question 11

Function of pylorus region

Answer 11

It facilitates emptying contents into small intestine

Question 12

What are the two sphincters that keep contents of stomach contained

Answer 12

Lower oesophageal sphincter

pyloric sphincter

Question 13

Function of stomach

Answer 13

2nd phase of digestion following mastication, secretes digestive enzymes and gastric acid

Question 14

What allows the stomach to move/enlarge

Answer 14

Gastric rugae

Question 15

Location of stomach

Answer 15

Between oesophagus and small intestine

Question 16

What is digested food known as

Answer 16

Chyme

Question 17

location of small intestine

Answer 17

between stomach and large intestine

Question 18

Function of small intestine

Answer 18

Food absorption

Question 19

Length of small intestine

Answer 19

~3-5meteres

Question 20

What is the small intestine comprised of

Answer 20

The duodenum, jejenum, and ileum

Question 21

What suspends the jejnum and ileum in the small intestine

Answer 21

mesentery

Question 22

Function of the mesentery

Answer 22

To allow arteries, veins lymph vessels and nerves to pass through.

Question 23

Function of duodenum

Answer 23

Preparation for absorption, receives gastric chyme from stomach + digestive enzymes from pancreas + bile from liver

Question 24

Location of duodenum

Answer 24

surrounds head of pancreas, and under liver

Question 25

Length of jejunum

Answer 25

~2.5metres (40% length of small intestine)

Question 26

Location of jejunum

Answer 26

midsection of small intestine, connecting duodenum and ileum.

Question 27

Function of jejunum

Answer 27

Absorption of digestion products into bloodstream

Question 28

What products does the jejunum absorb

Answer 28

amino acids, sugars, fatty acids

Question 29

Length of ileum

Answer 29

~3metres (60% length of small intestine)

Question 30

Location of ileum

Answer 30

At the end of small intestine

Question 31

What does the ileum join

Answer 31

It joins the cecum of large intestine at ileocecal junction

Question 32

Function of ileum

Answer 32

absorbs mainly vitamin B12 and bile acids and any remaining nutrients

Question 33

Parts of Large intestines

Answer 33

``` cecum appendix ascending colon transverse colon descending colon sigmoid rectum anal canal ```

Question 34

What is the large intestine commonly known as

Answer 34

The colon

Question 35

Length of large intestine

Answer 35

~1.5metres

Question 36

Location of large intestine

Answer 36

End of gastrointestinal tract

Question 37

Function of large intestine

Answer 37

absorption of water, and defecation of waste (faeces)

Question 38

Region of cecum

Answer 38

Right iliac region of pelvis

Question 39

What type of organ is the appendix

Answer 39

vestigial organ

Question 40

Connection of transverse colon

Answer 40

hangs off stomach, attached via greater omentum, connected to posterior abdominal wall via mesentery

Question 41

Location of taenia coli

Answer 41

run length of large intestine

Question 42

What is the taenia coli

Answer 42

three bands of longitudinal smooth muscle that keeps the bowel in place and causes it to be saculated

Question 43

What is haustra

Answer 43

bulges caused by contraction of taeniae coli

Question 44

Location of descending colon

Answer 44

starts from splenic flexure to the start of sigmoid colon

Question 45

Function of descending colon

Answer 45

To store faeces which will be emptied

Question 46

Location of sigmoid colon

Answer 46

after descending colon to the start of rectum

Question 47

Function of sigmoid colon

Answer 47

contracts to increase pressure inside colon which moves stool into rectum

Question 48

Location of rectum

Answer 48

End of large intestine

Question 49

Function of rectum

Answer 49

holds formed faeces awaiting elimination via defecation