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Forensic Psychology > Offender Profiling > Flashcards

Offender Profiling Flashcards

0
Q

What is offender profiling?

A

A description of an offender.

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1
Q

What are the two main types of offender profiling?

A

Typology approach

Geographical approach

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2
Q

What are the two features of these crimes?

A

Corpus delecti

Modus operandi

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3
Q

What is the corpus delecti?

A

The evidence from the crime.

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4
Q

What is the modus operandi?

A

The method of the crime.

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5
Q

Holmes and Holmes identified three major goals to profiling. What are they?

A

Social and psychological assessments
Psychological evaluation of belongings
Interviewing suggestions

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6
Q

Who identified the three main goals of profiling?

A

Holmes and Holmes

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7
Q

What is the typology approach based on?

A

Interviews of 36 convicted criminals

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8
Q

What does the typology approach focus on?

A

The characteristics of the offender

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9
Q

What did the FBI interview the criminals about?

A

Their background, crime scenes and victims.

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10
Q

What two categories did the FBI develop from their interviews?

A

Organised and Disorganised

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11
Q

According to the typology approach, what is meant by an organised criminal?

A

Crime scenes are planned and lack evidence

The offender is intelligent and socially competent

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12
Q

According to the typology approach, what is meant by disorganised?

A

Crime scene has physical evidence and the crime was spontaneous
The offender is not intelligent and lacks social skills.

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13
Q

Give three characteristics of the organised offender.

A

Intelligent
Has a good job
Socially and sexually competent

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14
Q

Give three characteristics of the disorganised offender.

A

Not well educated
Unskilled work or unemployed
Spontaneous attack

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15
Q

Why type of approach is the typology approach?

A

A top-down approach

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16
Q

Jackson and Berkerian say the FBI approach has four stages, what are they?

A

Data Assimilation
Crime Classification
Crime Reconstruction
Profile Generation

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17
Q

What is Data Assimilation?

A

Collection of information

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18
Q

What is Crime Classification?

A

Categorising the crime into either organised or disorganised.

19
Q

What is Crime Reconstruction?

A

Re-enact the crime and develop a hypothesis.

20
Q

What is Profile Generation?

A

Creating a profile of the offender.

21
Q

Who argued there were four stages to the typology approach?

A

Jackson and Berkerian

22
Q

Who argued that the typology approach should add in a third category of mixed offenders?

A

Douglas

23
Q

Who has evidence to support that the typology approach has some use?

A

Pinizzotto and Finkel

24
Q

What evidence do Pinizzotto and Finkel have for the typology approach?

A

They compared the profiles of trained profilers, students, FBI officers and clinical psychologists in a sex case and homicide. They found that the trained profilers were more accurate in the sex case, but we’re no more accurate in the homicide.

25
Q

What may negatively impact the profile in the typology approach?

A

If the information it is based on is untrue.

26
Q

What is wrong with the basis of the typology approach?

A

The information was collected from convicted criminals, not including those who haven’t been caught.
Small sample.

27
Q

What does the typology approach fail to take into account?

A

Individual differences between offenders.

28
Q

Who devised the geographical approach?

A

David Canter

29
Q

What type of approach is the geographical approach?

A

Bottom-up approach

30
Q

What is used to develop a profile in the geographical approach?

A

Physical evidence from the crime scene

31
Q

Canter identified three aspects of criminal behaviour. What are they?

A

Interpersonal coherence
Significance of time and place
Forensic awareness

32
Q

What is meant by interpersonal coherence?

A

Consistencies in the treatment of victims

33
Q

What is meant by forensic awareness?

A

Knowing if the offender has preciously been questioned by police.

34
Q

What profile does the geographical approach arrive at?

A

The living or operational base of the offender.

35
Q

The geographical approach used the assumption that…

A

Offenders work in areas they know well

36
Q

What does the geographical information of the crime produce?

A

A mental map

37
Q

The geographical approach uses a computer system called what?

A

The Criminal Geographical Targeting Spacial Data

38
Q

What is the Criminal Geographical Targeting Spacial Data?

A

Data that relates to the distance, movement and travel time which produces a 3D jeopardy surface.

39
Q

What is the main negative evaluation point about the geographical approach?

A

It searches for offenders based on what is most likely, but in some cases, what is most likely is actually incorrect.

40
Q

What is wrong with the geographical approach’s focus?

A

It places too much emphasis on geographical data and not enough on psychological data.

41
Q

What did Copson and Holloway find?

A

That geographical profiling only helped to solve 16% of cases.

42
Q

Who found that profiling only solved 16% of cases?

A

Copson and Hollaway

43
Q

What did Britton find?

A

That CID Chiefs found profiling useless in arrests but felt it had high potential.

44
Q

Who found that geographical profiling had potential?

A

Britton

Forensic Psychology (2 decks)

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