offending behaviours Flashcards
(18 cards)
What did early studies claim about ID in prisons?
Early studies by Goddard (1921) and Sutherland (1937) claimed that approximately 50% of prisoners had intellectual disabilities
What were the conviction rates across different IQ ranges according to McCord & McCord’s study?
IQ 81-90: 47% conviction rate
IQ > 110: 26% conviction rate (none went to prison)
IQ < 70: 25% conviction rate
What percentage of people with ID are in contact with the Criminal Justice System?
2 to 9% of the known adult ID population
What are the key statistics about ID in prisons?
7% of prisoners have IQ < 70 (about 6000 prisoners)
23% have IQ < 80 (about 19,000 prisoners)
What percentage of violent offenses are committed by men?
More than 90% of violent offences are committed by men
What is the most common type of offending behavior in people with ID?
Violence
What are the main background factors for offenders with ID?
Social deprivation, long history of antisocial behavior, history of abuse, more likely to be unemployed, unlikely to be married, homeless, and less drug abuse compared to non-ID offenders
What are the main interventions for offenders with ID?
Treatment of co-occurring mental illness, psychological approaches (CBT), offense-specific work, substance misuse interventions, social skills training, and improving coping strategies
What support should be available in the Criminal Justice System?
Court diversion and liaison services, appropriate adult support in police stations, intermediary system in courts, and specialized mental health courts
What are the key national policy recommendations?
Cross-government approach, common screening tools, systematic data collection, awareness-raising, making adjustments for neurodivergent conditions, and coordinated work between agencies
What support should prisoners with ID receive according to Royal College of Psychiatrists recommendations?
Full screening at reception, working relationships between prison and local ID services, agreed referral pathways, and joint working between mental health providers, primary care & ID services
What were the key findings about ID defendants in the Court Mental Health & Liaison Service study?
Out of 9088 defendants, 3.8% had intellectual disability. Those with ID were 4 times more likely to have ADHD and 14 times more likely to have autism spectrum disorder
What is the self-reported suicide/self-harm risk for defendants with ID?
20.4% compared to 13.7% without ID
What are the statistics about women with ID who offend?
The likelihood of offending is comparable to women in the wider population. 40% of those referred to community ID services for antisocial/offending behavior were women
What are the risk factors for fire setting in people with ID?
Similar risk factors to wider population - trauma, childhood abuse, psychological traits of aggression & impulsivity, maladaptive coping strategies, and relational/behavioral difficulties
What are the criteria for detention under MHA 2007?
Significant impairment of social & intellectual functioning, associated with abnormally aggressive or seriously irresponsible conduct
What did the national survey of community forensic services find?
51% of responding Trusts/Health Boards had access to specialist forensic community teams, which was associated with better access to offence-related interventions and co-production of patient care plans
What support should be available at police stations for people with ID?
Appropriate Adult support for those deemed ‘mentally vulnerable’, assessment of fitness to be interviewed, and understanding of rights and procedures
