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Question 1

What is the structure of capiliaries?

Answer 1

Tunica intima

Simple squamos epithelium + Basement membrane

Question 2

What are analogous arteries, veins, lymphatic vessels, and nerves?

Answer 2

vessels that are parallel and next to each other in the body.

Question 3

How do analogus arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels flow?

Answer 3

Arteries: Towards the organs (away from the heart)

Veins: towards the heart

Capiliaries: towards the heart (but not into it)

Question 4

blood vessels are classified based on what?

Answer 4

Tunica media

Number of smooth muscle layers

Number of elastic laminae

Question 5

What is the identification of large elastic arteries?

Answer 5

many fenestrated elastin lamellae

Question 6

What is the identification of medium muscular arteries?

Answer 6

2 fenestrated elastin lamellae

Question 7

What is the identification of small muscular arteries?

Answer 7

1 fenestrated elastin lamellae

Question 8

What are the types of tissues in tunica media

Answer 8

Smooth muscle (circular) layers
Fenestrated (window) elastic laminae layers
Collagen fibers

Question 9

What are the cells in the tunica intima?

Answer 9

Cells: Endothelium and fibroblasts (bc the blood blasts it)

Question 10

What are the cells in tunica media?

Answer 10

Smooth muscle cells

Question 11

What are the 2 functions of smooth muscles in tunica intima

Answer 11

1. Push blood
2. make collagen and elastin (bc there are no fibroblasts)

Question 12

What are the tissues of the tunica externa of the blood vessels?

Answer 12

Connective tissue (bc their function is to connect)

Fibroblast, collagen, and ground substance (like bondo to connect it all togther)

Question 13

What are the cells of the tunica externa in blood vessels?

Answer 13

Fibroblasts

Question 14

What are the cells of the tunica intima in blood vessels?

Answer 14

Fibroblasts and endothelium

Question 15

What does the cross section of endothelium look like?

Answer 15

round nuclei

Bc Endo

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Question 16

What is the identification of large/elastic/conducting under a microscope?

Answer 16

Lots of fenestrated elastic lamina (makes sense bc it has to withstand the high pressure first)

Less smooth muscle

Question 17

What is the structure of large/conducting/elastic arteries?

Answer 17

Tunica Intima: Endothelium + Subendothelial CT + Bm

Tunica media:
70-40 Elastic lamina (black)
40- 30 smooth muscle fibers (red)

Tunica externa
fibroblasts + macrophage (bc it is close to the heart so has to protect it)

Collagen

neurovascular bundle:

vasa vasorum (arterioles-capillaries-venules )

nervi vasorum (sympathetic)

Question 18

What is an example of a muscular/middle/distributing artery?

Answer 18

ulnar artery (bc you distribute things using your hands)

Question 19

Where are middle/muscular/conducting arteries usually ofund?

Answer 19

away from the heart

Question 20

What is the identification of middle/distributing/muscular arteries under a microscope?

Answer 20

Two elastic lamina (external and internal) + smooth muscle in the middle (more smooth muscles as the name suggests)

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Question 21

What is the structure of middle/muscular/distributing artery?

Answer 21

**Tunica Intima: **endothelium + BM + CT (fibroblast)
IEL: Internal Elastic Lamina (fenestrated)
Thickness of tunica intima increases by age

Tunica media
20 Smooth muscle layers, no fibroblasts
External elastic lamina
Internal elastic lamina

Tunica externa: macrophage + fibroblast
NVB: Vasa vasorum + nervi vasorum
collagen + More layers of fenestrated elastic lamina

Question 22

IMPORTANT HIGH PROBABLITY TO COME IN OSPE INSHA’ALLAH What type of artery is this?

add photo of muscular artery

Question 23

What is the function of middle muscular arteries?

Answer 23

branches and Distributes blood

Question 24

What is the identification of small, muscular arteries?

Answer 24

1 fenestrated internal elastic lamina

10 smooth muscle layers

Question 25

What is an example of small muscular arteries?

Answer 25

Digital arteries (bc digital devices keep on getting smaller)

Question 26

What is the structure of small muscluar arteries?

Answer 26

**Tunica intima:** Endothelium + CT + BM (fibroblasts) 1 fenestrated elastic lamina **Tunica media:** 10 smooth muscle layers **Tunica externa:** Collagen NVB: Vasa vasorum + nervi vasorum

Question 27

What is the function of small muscular arteries?

Answer 27

Branches and distributes blood

Question 28

What is the functional name of the arteriole?

Answer 28

**Resistance artery** (bc it is small but is still able to carry on areteries tasks, so it is resiliant)

Question 29

What is the identification of arterioles?

Answer 29

**no more elastic lamina** (bc it is so small it can't stretch) 1-2 layers of smooth muscle

Question 30

What is the structure of arteriole?

Answer 30

**Tunica intima:** CT (fibroblasts) + Endothelium+ basement membrane **Tunica media** 1-2 layers of smooth muscle **Tunica externa** very thin collagen

Question 31

What is the function of arterioles?

Answer 31

By vasoconstriction and vasodilation: 1 arterial blood pressure control (aBP) 2 control of blood flow in capillaries

Question 32

What are two signs of smooth muscle constriction?

Answer 32

1 Endothelium is bulging into the lumen 2 Cork-screw nucleus of smooth muscle

Question 33

What is the mergy-mergy of veins?

Answer 33

Post capiliary venule ↓ muscular venule ↓ small vein ↓ Medium vein ↓ large vein (SVC IVC)