okay things I don't remeber (which is a lot) Flashcards
(27 cards)
What are the characteristics of life?
Cellular organisation Reproduction Metabolism Homeostatis Heredity Response to stimuli Growth and development Adaption through evolution
What is the size of eukaryotic cells?
10um –> 100um
What is the size of a mitochondria?
1 - 10
What is the size of a nucleus?
9um
What are bigger, ribosomes or proteins?
Ribosomes are bigger then proteins
What are some monosacc?
hexose, pentose
What are some polysacc
starch, glycogen, cellulose
What can haematopeietic cells be used for?
found in the
bone marrow and can
be used for transplants.
How does gene therapy with a virus work?
- Insert RNA version of normal allele into retrovirus or other viral vector
- Let that virus infect bone marrow cells that have been removed from the patient and cultured
- Viral DNA carrying the normal allele inserts into chromosome
What are the three functions of the cell wall?
- Influences cell morphology
- Provides structural support
- Prevents excessive water uptake
What is lignin?
Lignin is the second most abundant macromolecule
- -> Complex polymer
- -> Confers strength, rigidity to the secondary cell wall and acts to exclude water
Why does the cell need energy for?
- For mechanical work
- To make new materials
- For transport
- To maintain order
What does glycolysis produce?
produces NAD+
and ATP
what does pyruvate oxidation and citric acid cycle generate?
ATP and NADH and FADH2
What are carbs jobs?
Recognition, energy, structure
What are protein functions?
Structural, regulatory, contractile, transport, storage, protective, catalytic, toxic
What are lipid functions?
Structural, regulatory, energy
What are glycoproteins?
Proteins with added carbs
What must a cell do?
—> Manufacture cellular materials —> Obtain raw materials —> Remove waste —> Generate the required energy —> Control all of the above
What must organelles do?
—> Provide conditions for specific processes
—> keep incompatible processes apart
—> Allow specific substrates to be concentrated
—> Form contration gradient
—> Package substances for transport or export
What are roles of membrane proteins?
—> Signal transduction
—> Liking the cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix
—> Intercellular joining
—> Cell recognition
What the gogli do?
—> Glycolsation (addition or modification) of carbs
—> produces many polysaccharide
Sorting proteins: adds molecular markers
Directing vesticles: adds molecular tags
What is receptor mediated endocytosis?
Recptor mediated: allows the cell to take up bulk quantities of specific substances which may be present at only low concentrations in the extracellular fluid.
What do vaucoles do?
Vacuoles are important in plants
—> Can perform lysosome like functions
—> Small vacuoles store organic compounds
—> Large central vacules absorbs water
