Old Age II Flashcards
What are the 4 major age related eye diseases
- Glaucoma
- Cataracts
- Age related macular degeneration
- Diabetic Retinopathy
There are actually ____ types of diabetes
3
what is the effect of diabetes on the eyes
blood is supplied to the retina via the central retinal artery, when blood vessels do not function correctly, nutrients cannot reach the retina which leads to diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma or even blindness.
What is the leading cause of new cases of legal blindness in the US
diabetes
what are the 3 stages of diabetic retinopathy
- background diabetic retinopathy
- diabetic macular edema
- proliferative diabetic retinopathy
You don’t get ____symptoms with DR, early detection is key. Diagnosis is via fluorescein angiogram to determine source of leakage. Pigmented dye injected into arm vein. Or you could do a dilated retinal eye exam
any
How do you treat DR
- Laser surgery; to seal leaky blood vessels
2. focal/gridphotocoagulation
what are ex of retinal diseases
- glaucoma
2. age related macular degeneration
____ causes gradual degeneration of optic nerve cells due to pressure
glaucoma
what are the diff types of glaucoma
- chronic open angle: most common; iris has moved closer to the lens
- acute closed angle; rapid vision loss; iris gets pressed up against cornea
3, low tension: pressure is normal; only ON is damaged - congenital: inherited and affects infants
What are visible symptoms of glaucoma
- short term dimmed/fogged vision
- colored ring around artificial lights
- pain in forehead, ears, teeth,
- eye looks inflamed
how do you diagnose glaucoma
- check IOP
- slit lamp - examine ON after pupil dilation
- optic disk appears indented and looks pale yellow due to lack of blood.
how do you treat glaucoma
- Reduce IOP
- Traditional meds: prostaglandins, beta blockers, adrenergics (dec pressure by reducing AH production) and miotics (enhace capacity of drainage system)
- laser surgery
- Conventional incisional surgery
AMD damages central vision at ____ and is the most common cause of blindness in the US.
macula
What are two forms of AMD
Dry: less serious and more common; fatty deposits seen under retina’s light sensing cells.
Wet: more serious and rare; neovascularization occurs; they can break or leak to cause damage to eye.
CFH is associated with ___ AMD. HTRA1 is associated with ____AMD
wet; dry
People with ____ or _____ allleles increase their liklihood of having disease by 47 times
CC or AA
AMD generally affects ____ males over the age of 50 and smokers
caucasian
Cause is unknown for ___ AMD. You get distorted reading vision, blurred vision and distorted vision. There are no treatments for this type of AMD.
dry
in ____ AMD you see distorted vision, quick vision loss, and colors that appear faded. You diagnose it by pupil dilation and amsler grid test .
wet
What are treatment options for wet AMD
- Anti VEGF treatments: Avastin, Lucentis, Macugen, and Eylea (injections that are expensive)
- Implantable telescope
- Laser photocoagulation
- Visudyne therapy
What is an ex of lens disease
Cataracts
What increases likelihood of cataracts
- sclerosis in lens
- exposure to UV radiation
- smoking & alcohol
- medical problems
- diabetes
- family history
what are symptoms of cataracts
- blurred vision
- bad night vision
- double vision in one eye
- inc sensitivity to light
- need brighter light for reading
- seeing faded colors
