Old bank Qs Flashcards
(164 cards)
1
Q
What are the 3 Golden rules to follow when applying foam?
A
(1) Do not begin to apply foam unless you have enough to extinguish the fire or cover the fuel spill.
(2) Point branch away from fire until good foam is being produced.
(3) You cannot mix different foam concentrates.
2
Q
Acetylene is a very volatile gas, exploding cylinders can penetrate double brick walls or metal freight containers & land 200m away. How many hours after the cylinder is removed from the fire or heat source, if it is not cooled, can this explosion occur?
A
The explosion can occur up to 24 hours after the cylinder is removed from the fire or heat source, if it is not cooled
3
Q
List 2 common hose laying techniques that can be used by firefighters?
A
Technique (1) - S LAY
If it’s a medium or larger building with chance of structural collapse, hose is positioned outside collapse zone by MD.
Traditional “S” lay
2 x lengths of 38mm hose flaked in hose tray
Run out by Motor Driver
Second length near entry point
Easier to pull hose into structure
Slowly charged to stop knots in the hose
No untangle hose if needed
Technique (2) - Cleveland Load
Been in service since 2011.
American method - Cleveland load (coil lay)
Fast, simple used in tight areas where hard to lay hose.
Used at:
high rise - stairwells
Structure fires that cannot be accessed directly from the footpath
Investigating AFA, gaols where not immediately need to lay hose
Bushfires property protection
Bush and grass fires in difficult to access locations
Easier to manage the hose and quicker to deploy
4
Q
Complete the following in relation to the Fire and Rescue NSW Act 1989 Part 3, Division 1, Section 11
Brigades to proceed with speed to suspected fires or hazardous material incident….?
A
(1) When there is an alarm of fire, a fire brigade must, despite anything to the contrary in any Act, proceed with all speed to the fire and try by all possible means to extinguish it and save any lives and property that are in danger.
(2) When there is a report of a hazardous material incident, a fire brigade must, despite anything to the contrary in any Act-
(a) proceed with all speed to the site of the incident, and
(b) try by all possible means to render the site of the incident safe and save any lives and property that are in danger.
5
Q
Complete the following in relation to the Fire and Rescue NSW Act 1989 Part 3, Division 1, Section 12 of the FRNSW Act, Investigation of reported fires and Hazardous material incident…….?
A
(1) The officer in charge may, with or without members of a fire brigade, enter any place-
(a) in respect of which an alarm of fire is raised to ascertain whether there is a fire at the place, or
(b) in respect of which a report of a hazardous material incident has been made to ascertain whether there is any hazardous material at the place that is, or is about to be, the subject of a hazardous material incident.
(2) Reasonable force, whether by breaking down gates or fences or breaking open doors or otherwise, may be used to gain entry.
6
Q
Section 13, of the FRNSW Act states the “General Powers of Officers at fires and hazardous material incidents”. State this provision.
A
(1) At a fire, the officer in charge-
(a) may take such measures as the officer thinks proper for the protection and saving of life and property and for the control and extinguishing of the fire, and
(b) is to control and direct the operations of any fire brigade.
(1A) At the site of a hazardous material incident, the officer in charge-
(a) may take such measures as the officer thinks proper for the protection and saving of life and property, for confining and ending the incident and for rendering the site safe, and
(b) is to control and direct the operations of any fire brigade.
The site is taken to be such area in the vicinity of the incident as is for the time being determined by the officer in charge.
(2) If the fire is a bush fire (including a grass fire), the officer in charge is, as far as practicable, to carry into effect any plan of operations in force under section 52 of the Rural Fires Act 1997 in relation to the place where the fire occurs.
7
Q
State the provisions of Section 19 of the FRNSW Act: “General power to remove persons or obstacles.” at fires and hazardous material incidents.
A
The officer in charge at a fire or hazardous material incident may cause to be removed any person, vehicle, vessel or thing the presence of whom or which at or near a fire or hazardous material incident might, in the officer’s opinion, interfere with the work of any fire brigade or the exercise of any of the officer’s functions.
8
Q
At an incident that has been declared a crime scene, a member of the public seeks details from you, the senior firefighter/officer on duty, about the incident. State your response according to the Fire Brigades Regulation (2014) Clause 22, Disclosure of information.
A
A firefighter must not disclose any information obtained in the firefighter’s capacity as a firefighter unless the disclosure is made–
(a) in the exercise of the firefighter’s functions, or
(b) about factual matters that are generally available to the public, or
(c) by an approved firefighter to media representatives concerning operations at a fire or other incident, or
(d) at the direction or with the permission of the Commissioner, or
(e) with other lawful excuse.
9
Q
Section 17 of the Fire Brigades Regulation (2014) refers to unacceptable behaviour. List five circumstances when a firefighter’s behaviour would be deemed unacceptable.
A
(1) A firefighter must not-
(a) come on duty while under the influence of alcohol or a drug, or
(b) while on duty, consume, use or possess any alcohol or drug, or
(c) while on duty, gamble in circumstances that adversely affect the discipline or efficiency of Fire and Rescue NSW. or
(d) smoke at a fire or drill, in any departmental premises or in any departmental vehicle, or
(e) smoke in any public place while in uniform,
Or
(f) while off duty, enter or remain on departmental premises without authority, or
(g) while on or off duty, by words or action, behave in a manner that is subversive of discipline or calculated to bring discredit on Fire and Rescue NSW, or
(h) while on duty, by words or action, harass, intimidate or threaten another firefighter, or
(i) while on duty, by words or action, harass or discriminate against any person on the grounds of sex, marital status, pregnancy, age, ethnic or national origin, physical or intellectual impairment, sexual preference, transgender status, carer’s responsibilities or any other ground in respect of which discrimination is prohibited by the Anti-Discrimination Act 1977.
(2) The officer in charge of any departmental premises must refuse to permit a firefighter to come on duty if of the opinion that the firefighter is under the influence of alcohol or a drug to the extent that the firefighter is unable to exercise the functions of a firefighter.
(3) In this clause–
“drug” has the same meaning as in the Road
Transport Act 2013 (paragraph (a) of the definition of “drug” in section 4 (1) of that Act excepted).
10
Q
To avoid serious accidents at intersections when responding to an emergency, What actions should drivers of responding vehicles approaching a stop sign or red signal take?
A
(1) With a view to avoiding serious accidents at intersections when responding to an emergency, drivers of responding vehicles approaching a stop sign or red signal light must slow down and enter the intersection at a speed of not more than 8 kph.
Having assessed the traffic conditions, and determined that it is safe to proceed, the driver may then continue across the intersection.
(2) Whenever passing through the stop sign or red light would involve the vehicle in an accident, the driver must come to a halt and not move off again until it is safe to proceed.
11
Q
When are seatbelts required to be worn when travelling in FRNSW vehicles (including tankers)?
A
All Fire and Rescue NSW employees, and any authorised passengers, are required to wear a seat belt, properly adjusted, when travelling in Fire and Rescue NSW vehicles. Any member travelling on a vehicle (including a water tanker) is to be seated inside the vehicle and must wear a seat belt.
12
Q
List the provisions in the Fire Brigades Regulation, Part 3, Section 14: Firefighters to acquire and maintain knowledge of legislation, orders, and functions.
A
(1) A firefighter must acquire and maintain a thorough knowledge of, and must comply with the requirements of, the Act, this Regulation and the Commissioner’s Orders.
(2) A firefighter must acquire and maintain the knowledge and skills that are relevant to the performance of the firefighter’s functions.
13
Q
When should you request FIRU for assistance?
A
Contact the Fire Investigation and Research Unit
(FIRU) for assistance if:
• There has been a loss of life at a fire, or a person is not expected to live from their injuries, or
• The fire is considered major (i.e. 4th Alarm or above, significant community impact or unusual fire behaviour), or
• The Origin and Cause of the fire is not apparent.
14
Q
What form populated by firefighters gives the Fire Investigator a summary of firefighter actions at an incident.
A
SOFA Forms - a form populated by firefighters that gives the Fire Investigator a summary of the firefighters actions at an incident.
15
Q
When is an Incident Management System required to be used at incidents FRNSW attends?
A
IMS is a standardised method used to manage all types of incidents. This method is to be used at EVERY incident FRNSW attends.
16
Q
There are eight strategic functions of command the Incident Commander needs to address. List all eight.
A
(1) Deployment - ensuring a steady, adequate and timely stream of appropriate resources at the incident, and knowing the position and function of each resource at all times.
(2) Command - having a strong command presence from the outset of an incident.
(3) Situation evaluation - continuously collecting and evaluating information about the incident in order to determine critical factors.
(4) Incident action planning - having an incident action plan that addresses the critical factors.
(5) Incident communications - having efficient and effective incident communications to describe the flow of information within and out of the incident.
(6) Incident structure - having an incident structure that is flexible and able to be scaled to meet the incident size and needs, with the ability to delegate functions and responsibilities as span of control is reached.
(7) Review and revision - once in operation, reviewing and revising the strategy and plan, to keep it current with the changing needs of the incident.
(8) Escalation and de-escalation - as additional officers or an Incident Management Team arrive, scaling up the strategic management level of the incident; and scaling down as operations conclude.
17
Q
There are eight strategic functions of command the Incident Commander needs to address. List all eight.
A
(1) Deployment - ensuring a steady, adequate and timely stream of appropriate resources at the incident, and knowing the position and function of each resource at all times.
(2) Command - having a strong command presence from the outset of an incident.
(3) Situation evaluation - continuously collecting and evaluating information about the incident in order to determine critical factors.
(4) Incident action planning - having an incident action plan that addresses the critical factors.
(5) Incident communications - having efficient and effective incident communications to describe the flow of information within and out of the incident.
(6) Incident structure - having an incident structure that is flexible and able to be scaled to meet the incident size and needs, with the ability to delegate functions and responsibilities as span of control is reached.
(7) Review and revision - once in operation, reviewing and revising the strategy and plan, to keep it current with the changing needs of the incident.
(8) Escalation and de-escalation - as additional officers or an Incident Management Team arrive, scaling up the strategic management level of the incident; and scaling down as operations conclude.
18
Q
At every incident there must be a steady, adequate, and timely stream of resources. Who is the only person to deploy resources at an incident?
A
The Incident Commander(IC) must be the only person to deploy resources. This ensures that the ICknows where the resources are and what they are doingand can ensure that their tasks are in line with thelncident Action plan (IAP).
19
Q
List the Smoke Management Systems found in road tunnels that could assist in clearing the smoke?
A
Road tunnel smoke management systems may use:
• longitudinal ventilation (jet fans),
• ducted ventilation,
• natural ventilation; or
• a combination of the above.
20
Q
As an incident develops and crews become fatigued, they will need to be rested. Name and describe the two ways crews can be rested.
A
(1) Recycle - Crew stops work for a short period just outside the Hot Zone, to rest, rehydrate, and replenish air cylinders if relevant. They remain accountable to IC or Sector, Group or Division commander (SGD Commander), as per the incident structure.
(2) Full rehabilitation - Crew is released and moves
to the rehabilitation area. Once there, they are accountable to a Rehabilitation Officer.
21
Q
List and describe the three incident phases.
A
(1) Life at risk phase - there are savable human lives. Incident is uncontrolled and requires rapid actions to control risks to lives. A higher level of risk may be acceptable.
(2) Expanding phase - incident is likely to expand beyond accepted limits. Incident is uncontrolled and requires rapid actions to control risks to lives and property. Some level of risk may be acceptable.
(3) Contained phase - there are sufficient resources to contain incident within a defined area. There is no life at risk, or lives and property are already lost.
Risk must be minimised as much as practicable.
22
Q
According to Standing Orders who are the people authorised to ride on FRNSW appliances?
A
The people who are authorised to ride on an appliance are:
• firefighters in the course of their duty;
• employees of Fire and Rescue NSW whose duty requires their attendance at an emergency;
• members of other emergency services at the discretion of the member in charge; or
• other persons authorised by the Commissioner.
23
Q
What is the term used when a liquid within a container reaches a temperature well above its boiling temperature, boils, expands and the container fails sending flammable gas outwards where it ignites.
A
The term is B.L.E.V.E
24
Q
What can be used to conduct a thermal check of an acetylene cylinder.
A
Use a thermal imaging camera (TIC) to conduct the thermal check every 15 minutes for 1 hour and record the results.
Note: Wetting the cylinder and making observations is not a thermal check. This is called a wetting test.
25
Expand the Acronym - SISIACMR
SISIACMR:
Safe approach
Incident control
Scene security
Identify hazardous materials
Assess potential harm and minimise environmental contamination
Call in resources
Monitor information
Render safe and decontaminate
26
There are several stages of Lithium-lon battery failure list and describe the stages.
Stage 1: Battery Abuse Factor (cell damage); thermal, electrical or mechanical abuse.
Stage 2: Off-gas generation (heat release); occurs regardless of cell form-factor.
Stage 3: Smoke generation (ignition); catastrophic failure is imminent.
Stage 4: Fire generation (propagation); likelihood of propagation drastically increases.
27
What should you complete when a work-related injury, near miss, exposure or illness occurs and in what timeframe after the occurrence should it be submitted?
A NIIENM form should be submitted for any incident that affects the health & safety of FRNSW workers. NIIENMs should be submitted within 24 hours of occurrence.
28
If you are unable to submit or fill out a NIIENM who else can submit one for you?
If the injured person is unable to submit the report, their Supervisor or co-worker can submit it on their behalf.
29
As stated in the SERM Act, 1989 who is responsible for coordinating rescue operations and for determining the priorities of action to be taken in rescue operations?
Section 50 Police to co-ordinate rescue operation
(1) The NSW Police Force is responsible for coordinating rescue operations and for determining the priorities of action to be taken in rescue operations.
(2) (Repealed)
(3) This section does not apply to a rescue operation if the control of the rescue operation is vested by law in another agency, such as -
(a) a rescue operation in which the person or property is endangered by fire and at which a member of a Fire Brigade is in charge, or
(b) a rescue operation which results from an emergency and which is subject to the control of another agency in accordance with Part 2.
(4) This section applies despite anything to the contrary in any other Act.
Section 51 Emergency services organisations to notify police of rescue incidents
(1) An emergency services organisation other than the NSW Police Force must, immediately after the organisation becomes aware of an incident that requires or is likely to require the rescue of any person, notify a member of the NSW Police Force of all relevant information concerning the incident.
(2) This section does not apply-
(a) if the organisation is aware that the incident has already been notified to a member of the NSW Police Force, or
(b) to Surf Life Saving New South Wales in relation to an incident that only requires, or is likely to only require, surf life-saving.
30
What is the correct PPC and procedure for fire protection at an MVA?
• One firefighter to wear full structural turnout PPC and SCBA
• A manned line of 38mm hose charged to 400kPa, pump with recirculation valve open.
• If a fire occurs, charge to 800kPa at the pump to achieve 700kpa at the branch.
PPE/C must be appropriate to the task, and can include:
• Dutywear, long sleeve shirt, sleeves rolled down
• Bushfire jacket
• Firefighting boots
• Eye protection
• Hearing protection
• General purpose gloves (nitrile gloves also)
• Multi-purpose helmet with visor
• Respiratory protection. (P2 mask/SCBA)
• High visibility vest/clothing (work safe on roads, construction sites, commercial
premises etc)
31
What environments should SCBA be worn in?
HOTS:
High temperatures (also low temperatures, where the cold may damage the lungs but the firefighter is otherwise protected).
Oxygen deficient or oxygen enriched atmospheres.
(Before entering oxygen enriched atmospheres, stop and report to the IC.)
Toxic atmospheres: gases, dusts, fumes, biological hazards or radiological hazards.
Smoke, particularly from structure, vehicle and other property fires, and heavy smoke from bushfires.
32
Owners and occupiers of premises can deposit keys at their nearest fire station so that firefighters can gain access without causing unnecessary damage. Name the two forms that need to be completed when receiving keys to private premises.
Keys deposit - station commander.
Keys to private premises - applicant.
33
What is it a mandatory requirement to complete prior to undertaking the annual Fitness Drill?
It is a mandatory requirement for firefighters to annually complete a Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PARQ) prior to undertaking the drill
34
When an appliance is found to have unreported damage, the Fleet Operations Officer or Regional Maintenance Officer will notify the Station, Duty, and Zone Commander in writing. The responsible station must submit what form within 8 days?
The responsible station must submit an Agency Member Motor Vehicle Claim Form within 8 days.
35
A fire permit issued within the 'Bush Fire Danger' period will be valid for a period of how many days from the date of issue?
During the declared Bush Fire Danger Period = 7 days maximum
Outside the Bushfire Danger Period = 14 days
maximum
36
According to the Fire Permit policy, what aspect of the planned fire does the permit take into account.
A fire permit takes into account the safety aspect of the planned fire.
37
Firefighters can 'turn off' a solar power system to stop electricity feeding into the structure's circuits or back to the electricity network if configured to do so. State the recommended procedure.
(1) On-site consultation: determine whether it is appropriate to turn solar power system off and how best to do so.
(2) Assume switchboard is live: Don electrical safety gloves then over-gloves. Have your helmet visor down and look away.
(3) Follow the shutdown procedure: This may be on or near the switchboard or inverter. If not found, turn off the inverter main switch then turn off the solar panel main switch.
(4) Consider if benefits outweigh risks: Restrict work as far as reasonably practical to that required to protect life or prevent dangerous expansion of the incident.
(5) Isolate the power: If required, have the owner/ occupier contact their electrician to isolate the power.
38
When a battery energy storage system is present at a residence, there should be an indicator to alert you to this. What is an example of an indicator, located outside the switchboard.
Energy storage sticker, also known as an E S sticker or there may also be data sheets about the battery energy storage system type.
39
List the operational actions to follow when dealing with Lithium-ion battery failure in small devices.
(1) Use caution when approaching the device
(2) If the device is connected to mains electricity (eg charging) ensure that electricity is switched off prior to applying water.
(3) Knock-down any fire using copious amounts of water.
(4) Cool the battery with a cooling stream of water.
(5) Submerge the device in a suitable container of water if safe to do so. Use a tool such as a long-handled shovel to move the device.
(6) If unable to submerge the device, continue cooling and conduct thermal checks every 15 minutes until ambient temperature is maintained for 60 minutes.
(7) Ensure that all cells are accounted for by searching the area around the device.
(8) Notify FireCOM that the incident involves a lithium-ion device. FireCOM will send a notification to FIRU.
40
If solar panels, or the attached isolators, are on fire, in addition to the considerations with turning off an alternative power source what actions should firefighters take?
• Conduct firefighting from the ground or an aerial appliance. Do not get onto the roof to extinguish the fire. Do not put a ladder against the roof as the gutter may be electrified.
• Extinguish the fire with a spray nozzle, using a pulse spray in a dispersed pattern
• If the solar panel is at ground level, consider using CO2 to extinguish the fire, ensuring that there is at least 250 mm air gap between the COZ extinguisher nozzle and any electrified components.
• NSW Fair Trading notification form to be completed at completion of incident
41
Overhaul is a procedure we follow after we attend an incident and extinguish the fire. For your safety during overhaul what is it essential for you to do?
• Wear SCBA and a full set of firefighting clothing
• Perform atmospheric monitoring using a gas detector.
42
Property protection is the act of protecting property from the impact of a wildfire. At a major wildfire, FRNSW crews generally engage in property protection roles. We generally have 3 strategies for carrying out property protection. Name and describe them.
Line Defence - protect the perimeter of a property until resources are sufficient for an offensive attack. It involves preventing the approaching line of fire from closely approaching the property. A line defence is used when conditions would normally allow an offensive attack but there are not enough units to mount an offensive attack in time. It involves preventing the approaching line of fire from closely approaching the property.
Ember Defence - firefighter focus is on extinguishing embers and spot fires in and around structures. It is used when the approaching line of fire is too intense to be supressed by offensive means. An ember defence is used when the approaching line of fire is too intense to be suppressed by offensive means and is producing significant ember attack.
It involves extinguishing small fires that occur in and around buildings, when and as they occur.
Firefighters operate from safe positions behind suitable shielding from the main fire front and pull back to safer refuge if needed.
Backstop Defence - firefighters retreat while fire front passes and move back in to save savable structures afterwards. A backstop defence is used when there is no safe defensible space around buildings and/or the approaching fire is so intense that firefighters cannot safely protect the buildings during the impact of the fire. Firefighters withdraw temporarily a short distance away to a suitable safe refuge, with the intention of coming back after the fire front passes. After the main fire front subsides, they move forward to put out the property on fire. This type of defence is used when firefighters have run out of all other options.
43
List all the hazards and risks at incidents involving Lithium-ion batteries in small devices.
• Thermal runaway
• Extreme fire behaviour
• Release of toxic vapour and gases
• Hazardous materials and leaked electrolytes
• Stranded energy
• Projectiles
• Secondary ignition
44
When an LPG container is involved in fire, what area of the container is considered most crucial and a high priority area for cooling?
The container's vapour space (area above the liquid) is most crucial and is to be considered a high priority area for cooling.
45
What equipment is required for bagging contaminated gear (not PPC) at an incident to minimise the risk presented by hazardous contaminants during storage or transport?
(1) The appropriate bag for the type of contaminant
(a) Asbestos containment bags where asbestos is suspected
(b) Yellow clinical waste bags for waste produced by providing first aid
(c)Clear contaminated gear bags for other contaminants, including smoke
(2) Cable ties or strong tape to seal the bags
(3) A contaminated equipment tag to attach to the bag with relevant details
46
Electrical transformers in high density areas of cities maybe situated in underground vaults, if a fire occurs in one of these vaults, CO2 can be injected via a wall mounted or footpath CO2 connection box. What does the number on the connection box indicate?
The number on the connection box indicates the number of CO2 cylinders required to be injected.
47
Conductors allow electricity to easily pass through them. List five conductors.
• Metals (eg copper, aluminium, steel) - including ladders, fences, guttering, roofing.
• Human body.
• Timber and trees.
• Flame and dense smoke.
• Vehicle tyres
• Some fire extinguishing mediums.
• Wet or dirty rope.
• Water - including hose lines.
48
Name four measures to control the risks associated with electricity.
(1) Stay away from the hazard. Always regard it as live until you know otherwise..
(2) Assess the risks from at least 8 metres away from the hazard..
(3) If suspected to be electrically hazardous, establish an Exclusion Zone.
(4) Have the electricity company isolate power.
(5) When leaving the incident site, if possible, provide information to the owner or other responsible person on the hazards still present at the site and the control measures in place.
49
State the inventory stored in the green canvas bag of the electrical safety kit.
• 1 x pair of insulating gloves
• 1 x pair of leather overgloves
• 2 × non-contact AC Voltage detectors, either Modiewark Rescue or GLM Mini Rescue
50
When using the gloves from the electrical safety kit, what is the correct donning sequence?
(1) Put on electrical gloves first
(2) Put over-gloves on over the electrical gloves to protect the electrical glove from damage
(3) The cuff of the electrical glove must extend beyond the cuff of the over-glove
(4) The cuff of the electrical glove must be above the cuffs and sleeves of your PPC
51
FRNSW has an interagency notification policy, list the reasons NSW Police are required to be notified.
• Possible Terrorist Activity
• Crime investigation
• Site, crowd, traffic and evacuation management
• Rescue Incidents
52
You are responded to fire in a Correctional facility, centre or complex operated by government agencies or private contractors. On arrival what actions should be taken?
• Identify and liaise with the Emergency
Coordinator
• While waiting to enter, start developing an lAP by accessing information - i.e. PIP's, SOG's and utilities
•Where entry to the facility is delayed, nominate a staging area and inform FireCOMS to inform responding resources. Remain in staging area until met by Emergency Coordinator. Notify FireCOM if entry is delayed.
• Always remain outside the facility on standby if it is unsafe to enter
• At the main entrance, access the Red Fire Emergency Plan Box containing the FRNSW PIP, Safety data sheets folder, site plans, and LEP's and brief crew about the facility.
• Prepare the appliance and secure equipment before entering the facility. List all equipment to be taken in
53
What is the definition of workplace bullying?
Workplace bullying is repeated and unreasonable behaviour directed towards a worker or a group of workers that creates a risk to health and safety. A single incident of reasonable management action is not bullying.
54
List 5 Duties/Accountabilities required in the
'Firefighter' role description.
(1) Contribute to the station's community prevention, risk reduction planning and engagement programs and activities.
(2) Attend fire and other emergency incidents providing expert knowledge and assistance commensurate with rank.
(3) Contribute to the Station's operational readiness, including the maintenance of appliances, tools and equipment.
(4) Assist with investigations into the cause of fires.
(5) Support the Station Officer in actions to achieve FRNSW's goals of protecting life, property and other initiatives under the Plus Plan.
(6) Undertake station duties including the completion of records, reports, correspondence and returns to facilitate the general running of the station.
55
'Fire Safety and Investigation' there are four classifications of cause. Name and describe them.
(1) Accidental. Fire which starts accidently from human activity or influence.
(2) Incendiary. Fire which starts from deliberate and intentional human act.
(3) Natural. Fire which starts by a natural act without human intervention or influence.
(4) Undetermined. Fire where the cause cannot be identified.
56
List five duties of the BA Control
Operator.
(1) Establish BA Control as close to the entry/exit point as possible.
(2) Check and enter all details on the BA Control Board.
(3) Ensure that BA team members are identified by a call sign determined by the incident communications plan.
(4) Calculate and monitor entry and exit times.
(5) Monitor all radio communications within the sector.
(6) When exit time is reached: - Immediately contact the individual wearer or BA team leader.
If unable to contact, notify their Commander. -
Activate the RIT immediately when required and notify the IC.
(7) Indicate to exiting BA crews the locations of the BA staging area and Rehabilitation Area.
(8) Provide updates to their Commander as required. A second radio transceiver may be required for communicating on the tactical channel.
(9) Ensure BA Control Boards clearly show when extended duration BA (EDBA) is in use. This is indicated by the red tag from the EDBA twin manifold being attached to the wearer's yellow tally on the board.
(10) Ensure BA Control Boards clearly show when aerial appliance operators are wearing BA.
(11) Ensure BA Control Boards clearly show when extension facemasks are in use:
a.
-With air trolley BA (ATBA).
b.
- On aerial appliances.
C.
-With auxiliary facemask from another BA set.
d. - With an extension airline from a standalone
BA set.
NOTE. When auxiliary facemasks are used, two operators breathe from the one BA set. BACOs must at least halve estimated operating times recorded on the BA Control Board.
(13) Notifying the IC or Sector/Group Commander if they require assistance.
57
What can P2 particle masks be used to protect against?
(1) Known low concentrations of inert dust, such as those produced when cutting metal or wood.
(2) Concrete, stone and masonry cutting operations where the work piece can be kept wet.
(3) The particles, but not the gases such as CO, in bushfire smoke.
(4) Contamination by body fluids.
58
What are the three basic principles for communication at incidents?
The three basic principles for communication at incidents are:
(a) to use the principles of IS and ensure an effective span of control;
(b) to establish a flow of information at all levels of the incident, without overwhelming the IC or ComCen with superfluous data; and
(c) to ensure the safety of firefighters by using effective communication.
59
Name three activities Emergency
Response Team can participate in.
• Specialist advice to the IC relating to hazards, industrial processes and installed fire systems.
• Operation of valves and other industrial processes.
• Fire attack under the control of NSWFB officers.
60
What is de-escalation?
De-escalation is the scaling back of FRNSW involvement at an incident. Both the strategic and tactical levels scale back and delegated functions are handed back to the IC. The IC determines that the incident has been contained and that resources can be released.
61
The Emergency Control Organisation may consist of people identified by coloured helmets, hats, caps, vests, or tabards. Name the members and the identifying colour.
• WHITE is worn by the Chief Warden, Deputy Chief Warden or Communications Officer
• YELLOW is worn by the Floor Warden or Area
Wardens
• RED is worn by Wardens
• GREEN BACKGROUND with WHITE CROSS is worn by the First Aid Officer
62
What are the correct meanings for the numerical codes:
- Code 3
- Code 6
- Code 4
- Code 1
- Code 7
Code 3 - Arrived at incident or move-up station (state location/address).
Code 6 - Incident in Rural Fire Service district
Code 4 - Available to respond
Code 1 - Responding to an incident or move-up
(Clarify if under normal road conditions)
Code 7 - Unavailable to respond (State reason why)
63
What features are included in a Fire Control Room?
A Fire Control Room is usually at or below ground level. Features include:
(1) a fire isolated room with a 2-hour fire rating and separate ventilation.
(2) two exit points, to the front of the building and directly into a fire exit.
(3) Fire Indicator Panel.
(4) Fire Fan Control Panel.
(5) Master Emergency Control Panel.
(6) controls for fire pumps.
(7) Security Alarm and Control Panels.
(8) telephone (direct line outside).
(9) whiteboard, corkboard and plan table.
(10) Tactical Fire Plans (maps and schematics).
64
List the important issues to consider when cutting into an Insulated Sandwich Panel (ISP) at a large cold storage facility.
Important issues to consider include:
• if there is sufficient time and resources available.
• leaked refrigerant gas which may be pocketed behind panels or in ducting
• electrical wiring or refrigerant gas pipes that may be located behind the panels
• the potential to generate sparks that could ignite flammable refrigerant gas or
ESP panel cores
Weakening of the structure when multiple panels
are cut.
• An increase in fire activity due to the introduction of air;
65
You are attending a 3rd Alarm structure fire and note the current incident commander is being overwhelmed by radio messages. Following span of control rules, what is the optimal amount an individual resources you should communicate with?
An individual should only have 5 people reporting to them (optimal is 1:5 ratio), but this can vary between 1:3 to 1:7, depending upon the activity, geography, or nature of the incident.
66
It is the responsibility of the Incident Commander (IC) to ensure that in general, each tactical priority has been addressed. When involving structure fires, the IC should consider how many sides of the fire?
Consider the "seven sides" of the fire: front, rear, both sides, top, bottom and inside.
67
On arrival at an incident, you observe the EWIS is operating. Upon closer inspection you note it has defects. What actions should you take?
If any defects are noted, advise the NSWFB Fire Safety Division to have the matter investigated. Do not initiate any action yourself.
68
You attend a Hazmat incident involving Phosgene, you appreciate the importance of correct spelling of a substance when transmitting messages to Comms. You are requested to relay the message using the phonetic alphabet. What is the correct phonetic alphabet transmission for PHOSGENE?
P - Papa
H - Hotel
O - Oscar
S - Sierra
G - Golf
E - Echo
N- November
E - Echo
69
An MVA has occurred between a truck and two cars requiring the attendance of a rescue unit, the MVA has occurred on the M5 Motorway in the GSA.
There are multiple emergency services within NSW that are responsible for rescue incidents. Who determines which emergency service will send a rescue unit to this rescue incident?
NSW Police will determine which emergency service will send a Rescue unit to rescue incidents.
70
Fumigation is a process of applying a pesticide chemical to a sealed area for a period, generally to treat insects or other vermin. The pesticide is applied in gas form (or a state that produces a gas) to the area. If a firefighter is exposed to chemicals at a fumigation what actions need to be taken on arrival back at station?
On return to station:
(1) Have the firefighter shower and dress in clean clothing.
(2) Record the exposure in the Occurrence Book and in the eARS report.
(3) Ensure that Notification of Injury, Illness, Exposure or Near-Miss (NIIENM) form is completed.
71
FRNSW priorities guide the strategy and incident action plan (IAP) for the incident. What are our priorities at an incident?
• The first priority is the safety of firefighters.
• The second priority is protecting savable lives.
• The third priority is protecting savable property and the environment.
Resources should not be committed to save what is already lost.
72
During a bushfire with CFUs, list the roles and responsibilities of CFU members.
• like all residents, must follow Fire Danger Rating instructions and their Bushfire Survival Plan.
• do not fight fires or enter bushland; they are only empowered to protect properties in their area of activity from spot fires and ember attack.
• are no different to other residents during a bushfire, and do not have any authority, responsibility or role in FRNSW bushfire operations.
• must obey instructions from FRNSW firefighters or other emergency service agencies to deactivate and/or evacuate.
• after the front has passed, can carry out mopping up on their area of activity, freeing up firefighters to respond to the moving fire front.
73
Workers must not be in the workplace with a blood alcohol concentration of how many grams or above of alcohol per 210 litres of breath.
0.02 grams or above
74
What actions should you take upon noticing signs of structural collapse?
• Notify all personnel in the collapse zone
• Notify SO/ Sector commander
• Evacuate premises
• Set up exclusion zone
• Use appropriate water streams
75
Radio codes for automatic fire alarms (AFAs) are used by the Incident Commander (IC) to send an incident completed (Stop) message to FireCOM at the conclusion of an AFA-reported incident. When AFA call is to an actual fire - i.e., one which FRNSW has been alerted to by the activation of an AFA or manual call point. What is required to be reported to FireCOM?
Use code 100 where an AFA call is to an actual fire - ie one which FRNSW has been alerted to by the activation of an AFA or manual call point. The IC must ensure that a detailed message is sent with the 100 code. The code is passed to eARS, but, on return to station, the AIRS report needs to be updated to reflect the nature of the incident.
76
Describe each letter of the acronym LACES.
Lookouts -know the current fire behaviour, location and size in relation to crew location.
Awareness -be situationally aware
Communications - maintain communication.
Escape Routes - Identify two escape routes.
Safety Zones - Identify safety zones (refuge areas)
77
List the Fire Danger Ratings (FDR)
ratings.
Catastrophic
Extreme
High
Moderate
No rating
78
There are three strategies used during bushfires operations. Name and describe them.
(1) Offensive Strategy - FRNSW initiates offensive operations at bushfires. The factors that determine the success of an offensive operation are the location and size of the attack and support for the attacking crew.
Direct attack is at the fire edge to extinguish or control the flames directly, eg applying water, smothering with foam or soil, beating, or starving of fuel by raking the fuel into the fire. This then becomes the established control line.
Parallel attack is used to control the intensity of the fire. A fire line is constructed parallel to, and just far enough from the fire edge, to allow firefighters and equipment to work effectively away from heat and smoke. There are many factors that determine the distance from the edge including terrain; number of firefighters available; fire's rate of spread; the fire's intensity.
Indirect attack involves falling back some distance from the fire perimeter - this could be up to a few kilometres at times - and burning back from a strong control line such as natural barriers, roads, tracks, firebreaks, or from trails or fire lines constructed.
Where a fire is too intense for direct or parallel attack eg when flame height is greater than 3 metres, spotting is occurring, or the terrain is inaccessible to firefighters, the indirect method of control may be used. If the fire's behaviour is too severe, an indirect attack may only be possible on the flanks of the fire.
(2) Defensive Strategy -
The first-priority in defensive operations is safety and all crews must alwavs be accounted for. Focus of effort is concentrated on property protection or structural triage.
Line defence is used when conditions would normally allow an offensive attack (eg the fire is not intense, weather conditions are favourable), but there are not enough resources to mount an offensive attack in time. It involves preventing the approaching line of fire from closely approaching the property.
Ember is used when the approaching line of fire is too intense to be suppressed by offensive means and is producing significant ember attack. It involves extinguishing small fires that occur in and around buildings.
Firefighters operate from safe positions behind suitable shielding from the main fire or pull back to a safer refuge, until the main fire front has passed.
Backstop is used when there is no safe defensible space around buildings; the approaching fire is so intense that firefighters cannot safely protect the buildings.
Firefighters withdraw temporarily a short distance away to suitable safe refuges, with the intention of coming back after the fire passes.
(3) Safeguarding strategy -
When offensive or defensive strategies are no longer viable with intense fires under the worst conditions, the actions during safeguarding strategy, while not fire suppression, warns, escorts (moves) and protects community members to ensure their safety.
79
Name three symtpoms of heat stress.
(1) Dizziness
(2) Weakness
(3) Nausea
80
The status of a bushfire is the degree to which it is under control. What terminology is to be used in radio messages and sitreps to FireCOM?
• Going
• Being Controlled
• Contained
• Patrol
• Out
81
Describe offensive and defensive firefighting strategies.
An offensive strategy aims at immediately limiting fire spread, operating in close proximity to the hazards.
A defensive strategy aims at life and property protection and containment of large, rapidly moving fires, operating away from the hazards.
82
What does the Incident Action
(IAP) usually describe?
The IAP describes, at any point in time, the risk assessment, strategy and objectives, incident structure, layout of the incident, and any other relevant information.
83
Twin bore tunnels, where traffic flows occur in separate tunnels, the tunnels are usually separated by 4-hour fire-resisting construction. Crossover passages between the tunnels are usually how many metres apart?
120 meters
84
List the roles of FRNSW at incidents involving bomb threats or detonations?
The role of FRNSW at incidents involving bomb threats or detonations is to:
• Support NSW Police Force or the Australian
Defence Force (ADF) by protecting life and property from the effects of fires or hazardous materials that may occur.
• Act as the lead agency in urban search and rescue
(USAR) operations, if required.
• If requested, assist NSW Ambulance.
85
Standards Australia refers to Breathing Apparatus (BA) as supplied air respirators. Fire and Rescue NSW uses positive pressure supplied air respirators to provide the highest level of protection. Name and describe them.
• Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
• Extended duration breathing apparatus (EDBA):An SCBA set in twin cylinder configuration which allows firefighters to work for approximately twice the time as single cylinder SCBA.
• Airline respirator: An extension facemask with an airline supplied from a source of compressed air.
86
What are the three ways decontamination can be implemented.
(1) Standard decontamination
(2) Emergency decontamination
(3) Mass decontamination
87
What are the main considerations for protecting people at radiological incidents?
Time - minimise the duration of exposure.
Distance - maximise the distance from the radiological source.
Shielding - maximise shielding between the radiological source and people.
88
What are three types of radiation.
The three main types of ionising radiation are:
(1) Alpha particles
(2) Beta particles
(3) Gamma rays and x-rays
89
Materials that contain asbestos are known as asbestos containing materials (ACM). If asbestos is encountered at an incident, as far as practical, employ dust suppression tactics and leave ACM in situ. Provide three examples of dust suppression tactics.
• Minimise disturbance - ie restrict salvage and overhaul work.
• Keep it lightly dampened down with fog spray.
• Apply a bonding agent such as a foam blanket or coloured PVA/water mix.
• Bag into marked asbestos containment bags.
• Wrap or cover with salvage plastic sheeting.
90
Materials that contain asbestos are known as asbestos containing materials (ACM). There are generally two categories of ACM name and describe them.
• Friable - Any ACM that is in powder form, or that can be crumbled, pulverised, or reduced to powder by hand pressure when dry. Examples are loose-fill insulation, pipe lagging, and fire damaged ACM.
• Nonfriable - Any ACM that is not friable, including materials containing asbestos fibres reinforced with a bonding compound. (Non-friable ACM that has been reduced to powder by fire or severe impact will become friable.) Examples include fibre cement sheeting ('fibro'), corrugated or moulded fibre cement, and electrical switchboards.
91
Why does FRNSW conduct hydrant inspections?
The purpose of hydrant inspections is to:
• ensure that hydrants work when needed
• notify water authorities of problems with hydrants, and
• familiarise crews with hydrants in their area
92
AARs are held for the purpose of reviewing organisational performance, resulting in a series of observations, which are analysed to produce thematic insights. What time frame should a Type 1 review be conducted?
AARs are held after all incidents, particularly where a safety issue has been identified and may also be held following exercises and major events. The principles can be applied to any event or exercise and may be as simple as a mess room discussion, or a formal strategic review. AARs must be held after any activation of the Major Incident Management Plan (MIMP).
93
FRNSW has shared values with the NSW
Government Sector. Name all the shared values.
• Integrity
• Trust
• Service, and
• Accountability.
94
Any offer of a gift or benefit in excess of $50 or not token in nature, whether it is accepted or not, must be declared and registered with who?
Professional Standards (PSB).
95
An infection occurs when another organism enters your body and causes disease. There are six main transmission routes, list four.
• Direct contact transmission with blood or body substances
• Indirect contact transmission
• Droplet transmission
• Airborne transmission
• Gastrointestinal transmission
• Vector borne (Zoonotic) transmission.
96
The risk of developing asbestos related disease depends on many factors. List three factors.
Concentration of exposure: Greater quantities of inhaled fires will increase the likelihood of developing disease.
Duration of exposure: The longer the duration you are exposed, the greater the likelihood of developing disease.
Fibre characteristics: The type of fires inhaled have an effect on the likelihood of developing disease. Shorter, straight fibres are more likely to be breathed deeper into the lungs.
97
Operators of aged care facilities have emergency plans, which include a staged evacuation plan. List the stage numbers including the stage FRNSW would likely be involved.
Stage 1 - Residents removed from immediate danger - evacuated to an adjoining room
Stage 2 - (FRNSW likely to be involved from this stage) - Residents removed from adjoining rooms and corridoors, away from the emergency (fire, smoke, gas)- evacuated to an adjoining fire or smoke compartment, or another floor below the emergency.
Stage 3 - Residents completely evacuated from the building - evacuated to a nominated safe assembley area.
98
During bushfire operations safeguarding strategy is not fire suppression but can be used when defensive operations are not safe. Describe the actions taken in this strategy.
When offensive or defensive strategies are no longer viable with intense fires under the worst conditions, the actions during safeguarding strategy, while not fire suppression, warns, escorts (moves) and protects community members to ensure their safety.
99
At a high-rise structure fire, what area provides a safe location with building communications, control equipment and plans?
The Fire Control Room (FCR) provides a safe location with building communications, control equipment and plans.
100
In some cases, mostly at larger structures and complexes it may not be appropriate to turn off power to the entire structure. List three of these structures or complexes.
• Industrial complexes - some processes may be difficult to shut down quickly
• High-rise buildings - lights or lifts may be needed during evacuation of residents
• Health care facilities - life-sustaining equipment may be in use.
101
When installing a smoke alarm in a residential dwelling, what is the most suitable fixing method to attach to surfaces.
Use heavy-duty double-sided tape.
102
Suspicious substance incidents (including suspicious package incidents) are multi- agency incidents. FRNSW, the NSW Police Force and the Ambulance Service of NSW have developed multiagency procedures to provide emergency services personnel with the knowledge, skills, and ability to ensure a consistent and safe approach for management and resolution of suspicious substance incidents. The level of risk can be identified by a colour. What are these colours?
Red - High Risk Incidents
Blue- Medium Risk Incidents
Green - Low Risk Incident
103
What constitutes sexual harassment as described in the Anti-Discrimination Act 1977?
Anti Discrimination Act 1977 (NSW) defines sexual harassment as a person making an unwelcome sexual advance, or an unwelcome request for sexual favours, or engaging in other unwelcome conduct of a sexual nature in relation to the other person in circumstances in which a reasonable person, having regard to all the circumstances, would have anticipated that the other person would be offended, humiliated or intimidated.
104
According to the procedure, arrangement for a full or part change of shift- The applicant must submit the form to their Station Commander or Supervisor at least how many hours in advance?
At least 24 hours in advance.
105
What is the definition of a hazardous material incident?
Hazardous material incident means an actual or impending land-based spillage or other escape of hazardous materia that causes or threatens to cause injury or death or damage to property.
106
When responding to AFAs within the jurisdictional, responsibility of the RFS, the first arriving brigade can de activate the local alarm, who can carry out resetting of the alarm?
Resetting of the alarm will only be carried out by FRNSW.
107
Annual Workplace Safety Inspections aim to reduce the number of safety incidents by identifying and controlling a broad range of potential hazards in FRNSW-owned or leased workplaces. When must each FRNSW-owned or leased workplace be inspected by each year?
Zone Commanders and Managers are to ensure that each FRNSW-owned or leased workplace is inspected by 31 May each year.
108
When using a hydrant booster, the IC will instruct the pump operator to run the hydrant booster system in one of three modes. List and describe all three.
Stand by mode
(1) Connect up to four 70 mm hoses from the feed or street hydrant to the collector.
(2) Connect an equal number of 70 mm hoses from the deliveries to booster inlets.
(3) Remove leather strap and test movement of the main wheel valve.
(4) Note the reading on the booster pressure gauge.
(5) Advise IC 'Hydrant/Sprinkler booster is now in
Standby mode'.
(6) Await instructions from the IC to go to another mode.
Activation mode
(1) Determine the required operating pressure from the IC.
(2) Connect up to four 70 mm hoses from the feed or street hydrant to the collector and open the feed hydrants.
(3) Connect an equal number of 70 mm hoses from the deliveries to the boost inlets and open the deliveries.
NOTE: The pump is bypassing the main wheel valve and supplying water at the same pressure
(4) Remove leather strap and close the main wheel valve. (This will prevent backflow and contamination of the public water supply)
(5) Increase pressure to the required level (allow 30 kPa per floor).
(6) Advise IC 'Hydrant booster is now in Activation mode at ... KPa'.
(7) Maintain pressure and flow, especially when hydrant pump is running.
(8) Await instructions from the IC to vary the pressure or go to another mode.
Deactivation mode
(1) Reduce pressure and disengage the pump.
(2) Open the main wheel valve and restore the leather strap.
(3) Shut off the feed hydrants to the collectors.
(4) Shut down the deliveries to the boost inlets.
(5) Remove the hose.
(6) Shut down the hydrant pump to further reduce pressure if required.
109
Every workplace should have a prominently displayed Health & Safety Notice Board, list all documents that should be attached?
• SIRA Poster - If you get injured at work
• Commissioner's Safety Statement
• Safety and Wellbeing Plan 2021-2022
• FRNSW Return to Work Policy and Program
Summary
• Workplace Evacuation Diagrams - Email your request to propertyhelpdesk@fire.nsw.gov.au
• WHS Issue Resolution Flowchart
• Guide - NIIENM Submission Workflow
• Safety information and Contacts
• Safety Representatives Template
• First Aid Officers Template (not necessary for stations)
• Fire Warden Template (not necessary for stations)
110
Smoke screen security devices produce a barrier of dense white fog when a monitored security alarm system is activated. FRNSW may be responded to buildings where the smoke screen has been activated and mistaken for a fire. What are two things' firefighters should consider before entering the building?
Firefighters should consider that:
• intruders may still be in the building;
• a real fire may have set off motion detectors and activated the smoke screen device.
111
You are responding to a fire call in a Scania 320 pumper through small roundabouts in wet weather and the driver reports that the vehicle's brakes are operating independently and intermittently. What actions should be taken?
The ESP system cannot be disabled in Scania P320 pumpers. Scania P320 pumpers should not be driven on a surface likely to result in significant wheel slippage. If drivers of Scania P320 pumpers are continually activating the ESP system, they are travelling too quickly for the road conditions and must alter their driving behaviour.
112
Provide a detailed description of Hazard and Risk.
A hazard is anything in the workplace that has the potential to cause harm to a person. Hazards can be an object or thing; for example, an acetylene cylinder; a hazardous manual task; or the way work is done.
Hazards are often grouped into categories by their type, for instance:
• Physical hazards - such as plant & equipment
• Chemical hazards - such as hazardous substances
• Ergonomic hazards - such as hazardous manual tasks
• Psychosocial hazards - such as critical incidents
A risk is the harm that may occur to a person exposed to a hazard.
The level of risk is dependant on the severity of harm (consequence) that may be caused and the likelihood of that harm occurring.
Consequences:
Insignificant, Minor, Moderate, Major and Extreme Likelihood:
Almost Certain, Likely, Possible, Unlikely and Rare Risk evaluation results/scores:
Very Low (1-3), Low (4-7), Moderate (8-15), High
(16-20), Very High (21-25)
113
You attend a 3rd Alarm structure fire, and the Incident Commander (IC) appoints you the Safety Officer. What is the Safety Officer responsible for?
List five.
Safety Officer role
† Identify unsafe conditions or operations and report these to the IC
* Correct unsafe work practices through the appropriate commander.
* Identify hazards likely to affect the safety, health, or welfare of personnel.
* Assist the IC to complete the operational risk assessment and the risk assessment worksheet.
* Confirm that all health and safety systems are in place - eg breathing apparatus control, rehabilitation, health monitoring.
* Confirm that all utilities are identified and rendered safe.
* Confirm that all those at the incident are aware of the location of the hazard zone, any exclusion zones, and any other designated areas.
* Request the appointment of additional Safety
Officers if needed.
114
You are performing a fire duty after a fire at a factory. The cause is yet to be determined; the Fire Investigation and Research Unit (FIRU) and Police are at work. An employee asks if he can go and retrieve some personal belongings. What is your correct course of action?
A firefighter on fire duty or watch duty at the site of a fire, hazardous material incident or other emergency must--
(a) ensure that--
(i) any premises at the site are not entered, and (il) goods are not interfered with or removed
from any such premises,
otherwise than by persons who can establish their identity and authority to do so, and
(b) report any breach of security to the officer in charge at the site.
115
As the Incident Commander, you may choose a fast attack command position. What does fast attack enable the IC to do?
Fast attack enables the IC to:
• More fully size up the incident.
• Directly supervise the crew.
• Assist the crew with task level work if needed.
Take advantage of the limited window of opportunity available while the incident is in its early stages.
116
Hazardous chemical (Hazchem) emergency action codes provide information for the fire brigade and police on how to deal with a fire or spillage. What does the 3-digit code give basic information on?
First digit - dictates the suprressant agent that should be used to extinguish a fire
Second digit - safety parameters/precautions need to be taken
Third digit - letter E will be present if there is the need to evacuate the premises in the event of a spill
117
Short-term fatigue management is the management of acute fatigue that may occur as a result of tasks undertaken by firefighters during work hours. As a guide, a break from these tasks should be taken how often?
Control measures to reduce the severity or
likelihood of short-term fatigue include Regular breaks should be taken away from physically or mentally demanding tasks during working hours.
As a guide, a break from these tasks should be taken at least every four hours.
118
If co2 is used to extinguish a fire in an underground vault substation what is the minimum time it needs to be kept sealed within the vault?
Upon discharge of the gas, keep the vault closed and openings sealed for at least 20 minutes
119
What is the definition of
decontamination?
Decontamination is the process of removing contaminants from people and equipment to prevent further injury and reduce the spread of the contaminant.
120
During a bushfire, your sector contains an area where trees and grass are alight under high voltage power lines. What are the safe working distances and what firefighting activities can you perform?
• Do not engage in firefighting under high voltage power lines.
• Keep people and vehicles a minimum of 25 metres clear of a fire burning under or near power lines.
121
Name the five members of a decontamination team
Decontamination Officer
Wash Operator
Wash Assistant
Disrobe Assistant
Pump Operator
122
At an incident, fire crews believe accelerants may have been used. What are possible signs of accelerant use?
Some of the possible signs of use of accelerant are:
• characteristic burn pattern,
• indication of fire trailers,
• rapid fire development inconsistent with available combustible materials,
• unusual odours, or
• damage to building consistent with a vapour explosion.
123
Define flammable matter
flammable matter includes-
(a) any substance capable of ignition or combustion by the application of heat, by means of sparks or spontaneously, and
(b) any substance prescribed as flammable for the purposes of this definition.
124
You are the Incident Commander at a hazardous materials incident and find wastewater coming from an adjoining business is entering the Hot Zone and spreading contaminants. You order this water supply to be shut off, but the business owner next door complains that he will lose money by shutting down production. What are your general powers in this situation as stipulated under the FRNSW Act?
General powers of officers at fires and hazardous material incidents
(1A) At the site of a hazardous material incident, the officer in charge-
(a) may take such measures as the officer thinks proper for the protection and saving of life and property, for confining and ending the incident and for rendering the site safe, and
(b) is to control and direct the operations of any fire brigade.
The site is taken to be such area in the vicinity of the incident as is for the time being determined by the officer in charge.
The officer in charge at a fire or hazardous material incident may, for the purpose of extinguishing or controlling a fire or confining or ending the incident or rendering the site of the incident safe, without payment-
(a) take and use any water from any source on any land, and
(b) cause water to flow into or be shut off from any main or pipe.
125
Describe the term "All Clear."
The term all clear indicates that primary and secondary searches have been completed - ie primary all clear and secondary all clear - for a compartment, location, or the entire structure, at a fire or hazmat incident. This confirms to the IC that firefighters have checked for occupants in those locations and none have been located.
126
FRNSW is committed to achieving the principles and requirements of the Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion Policy, to achieve this what are all employees responsible for?
All employees are responsible for:
• Creating a culturally safe workplace environment which is free from discrimination and everyone is valued and treated with respect;
• Working collaboratively to recognise and appreciate equity, diversity and inclusion;
• Identifying and addressing any form of discrimination in the workplace.
127
List the reasons permanent Officers and
Firefighters may seek transfer or be transferred to other locations.
• Career development
• Operational capability (skills and qualifications development)
• Compassionate issues/staff welfare
• Location based transfers
• Performance / disciplinary
128
Insulated Sandwich Panels (ISPs), especially those with Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) cores can create an extremely hazardous environment for firefighters and may force adoption of a defensive strategy from an early stage. What are the reasons for this?
(1) EPS melts and flows like a liquid. It is highly flammable, inducing rapid fire spread, which is undetectable with thermal imaging cameras (due to the insulating properties of the panels) and can spread to areas remote from the fire origin.
a. Panel delamination, where the hot metal panel skins bow and open up, rapidly increases the rate of fire spread, which heats the ceiling void, creates secondary pool fires from melted EPS, and causes panels to collapse (Figure 2).
b. There is an increased risk of flashover and backdraught.
c. Large volumes of toxic, thick, black, acrid smoke are produced.
(2) Sudden, loss of structural integrity may cause substantial building collapse.
129
When responding into a Rural Fire District, when are you required to send a Code 6?
A Code 6 must be transmitted:
• Immediately it becomes apparent to the Officer-in-Charge (OIC) of an FRNSW appliance that they have received a call to an incident located within a
Rural Fire District, or
• With the Code 1 (responding) message if it is known at the time of the call that the incident is in a Rural Fire District.
Code 6 should be transmitted for all types of incidents in Rural Fire Districts, including rescue and hazmat calls, whether or not Rural Fire Service attendance is required.
130
List the risk management measures that should be taken when attending incidents involving hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV).
• Conduct atmospheric monitoring with a four head gas detector for LELs to detect if hydrogen is leaking.
• Use a thermal imaging camera (TIC) to identify if hydrogen fire is present.
• Conduct thermal checks on the battery using a
TIC to determine whether thermal runaway may be occurring within the lithium-ion battery. Increasing temperature is an indication that a thermal runaway event may be occurring. If so, use a hose stream to cool.
• Establish an exclusion zone (minimum 15 m)
around any hydrogen FCEV incident.
131
You are the Officer in Charge at a hazardous materials incident, and the site manager is failing to cooperate. You advise the site manager of your authority to enter and operate under the FRNSW Act, what does it state?
General powers of officers at fires and hazardous material incidents
(1A) At the site of a hazardous material incident, the officer in charge-
(a) may take such measures as the officer thinks proper for the protection and saving of life and property, for confining and ending the incident and for rendering the site safe
132
What is the tool that will help employees to communicate clearly when addressing difficult topics.
Straight Talk is a tool that will help employees to communicate clearly when addressing difficult topics.
133
Mental fitness- What program offers an external service that provides professional and confidential counselling/coaching to help you with challenges, issues or concerns that may be affecting you at work or home.
The Employee Assistance
Program (EAP)
134
During the de-escalation of an incident, at what stage is command terminated?
Command is only terminated when the last resource leaves the incident.
135
State why the thermal imaging camera may or may not be suitable for use in a flammable atmosphere.
Thermal imaging cameras are not intrinsically safe.
Do not use these cameras in potentially flammable atmospheres.
136
A major goal for the IC is to develop an Incident Action Plan for the incident. What is an incident action plan?
An Incident Action Plan (IAP) is the plan developed by the IC that describes, at any one point, how the IC plans to resolve or control the incident, the risk assessment, strategy and objectives, incident structure, layout of the incident, and any other relevant information.
137
What are the terms used in an initial radio report, to indicate the size of a structure at a fire incident.
Structure fire size The terms small, medium, large, very large and mega are useful in an initial radio report, to indicate the size of a structure at a fire incident. They are used in conjunction with building type - eg terrace, free-standing house, factory.
138
The initial radio report (IRR) is sent by the first arriving officer to FireCOM. It time-stamps command, confirms and identifies the IC, and records initial details about the incident. It should be in Conditions, Actions, Needs (CAN) format and should include-
• Confirmation of address.
• Conditions: Brief description of the incident; obvious critical factors including hazards.
• Actions: Initial incident action plan (IAP);
assumption of command and naming of incident;
strategy.
• Needs: Increase of alarm level as per the Alarm Response Protocol (ARP), or, in areas where this does not operate, request for particular resources as per local arrangements (FireCOM will confirm the availability of requested resources).
139
Who is authorised to enter completed activities in CARS.
Any member of the crew participating in the activity provided they have direct knowledge of the information being submitted.
140
Employees are expected to complete Cyber Security Awareness Training how often?
Each employee must complete annual Cyber Security Awareness
Training.
141
There are two types of broad area prescribed burns. What are they?
There are two types of broad area prescribed burns - simple and complex.
142
Pile burns may be carried out by FRNSW to dispose of vegetation resulting from what activities?
-Removal of bushfire fuels
•-Bush regeneration/weed removal from authorised activities eg Landcare on behalf of local council
-agricultural activities.
143
List occasions when prescribed burning conducted by FRNSW is not permitted in a fire district.
Burning is not permitted in a fire district on days when:
• There is a total fire ban (TOBAN)
• The EPA has issued a No-Burn Notice (unless prior exemption has been granted)
• The Fire Behaviour Index (FBI) is greater than
23**
**The RFS allows burning on days with FBI greater than 23. If FRNSW is assisting RFS with a prescribed burn, they may be required to continue assisting on these days.
144
What is FRNSWs definition of unauthorised equipment as described in the case study?
Unauthorised equipment is any item which is purchased, introduced, or used within an FRNSW workplace that has not first met the requirements of the Procurement Manual.
This includes equipment which has not been obtained via the Electronic Supply Catalogue
(ESCAT) or through an approved Request Purchase
Order (RPO)
145
Door entry - What are the door entry techniques that can be used with the Halligan tool?
Inward Adze Roll Technique or alternatively the Outward Adze or Fork Drive techniques
146
Door entry - What are the five steps to forcing a door?
(1) Size up - Assess how urgent the situation is. If it is not time critical, consider passive ways of making entry- Through a window, wait for keys etc.
Conduct 360 of premises, trying all windows and doors.
(2) Gap - Usually starting with the Adze blade, work the tool between the door and door stop or door frame to create a workable gap. A second fire fighter may be required with sledge axe to "strike" Halligan tool to get a start.
(3) Set - With a gap established between the door and frame (a wedge may be required), manoeuvre tool to complete the forced entry. This could be the Adze or fork end of the tool, depending on situation.
(4) Force - Final action to defeat the lock. Using the mechanical advantage leverage of the tool to complete the spread. Two fire fighters may be required for some doors.
(5) Control - Open the door in such a way so as not to have an adverse effect on the situation. Use Adze on Halligan to hook the back of the door to pull closed.
147
During Firefighting Operations, what does fire attack crew never ignore?
FIRE ATTACK crew never ignores a casualty
148
Search and rescue during firefighting operations-
The obiective of a search is to confirm an ALL CLEAR, this is usually broken into what two components?
The PRIMARY SEARCH is rapid and systematic, usually carried out simultaneously with fire attack, if fire conditions and crew response allow.
A SECONDARY SEARCH is more thorough and methodical, undertaken to confirm casualties have not been missed. The secondary search is often conducted once Fire control has been achieved and at times can be done simultaneously with ventilation.
149
Describe the terms withdraw and abandon as used by the IC to indicate to crews the urgency required to move from offensive to a defensive strategy.
• Withdraw - this indicates that firefighters have enough time to exit the structure or the position they are working in, with all their equipment, in a controlled manner. It is usually given by the IC in response to a tactical CAN report. An example of a message given to a Sector Commander or crew could be: Sector Commander Bravo we are changing strategy to defensive for the entire structure withdraw all crews and report PARS on exit. If there is more than one sector then this would be conveyed to all sectors.
• Abandon - this indicates that there is an immediate threat to firefighter lives and the firefighters must exit the structure or position they are working in immediately and only bring equipment with them if it will not compromise their safety. This could be that a fire has rapidly escalated, wall collapse is imminent, or a trench is about to collapse. An examble of a message is: All sectors roof collapse imminent we are going to a defensive strategy abandon your positions and report if you do not have a PAR. The term abandon should be the exception rather than the rule
150
What signs would indicate it's time to withdraw during Search and rescue during firefighting operations?
• Worsening fire/smoke conditions
• Signs of structural collapse (see STP 33Z)
• Previously unknown hazards e.g. Acetylene
• Emergency Radio Message signaling:
- Loss of PAR
- Change to a Defensive Strategy via an order from the I.C. to Withdraw or Abandon.
151
If the TIC needs to be handed between members of firefighting or search and rescue teams what is the safest method to pass to the front firefighter?
If the TIC needs to be handed between members of firefighting or search and rescue teams then it is safest to do so around the side of the body of the front firefighter and not over the shoulder.
152
What is the purpose of placing an appliance in the fend off position?
It uses the appliances bulk and visibility to form a physical barrier protecting FRNSW personnel, other emergency services and patients from oncoming traffic
153
Warning gear is used to mark off incidents sites and warn the public that FRNSW operations are nearby. As listed on the worksheet list three forms of warning gear.
Eflare or strobe kit, the Hazard Ahead sign, barrierand hazmat Hot Zone tape, witch's hats, and breakdown road triangles
154
All extinguishers are inspected and serviced by who and at what timeframes?
All extinguishers are inspected and serviced by a competent person six monthly, annually and five yearly (AS 1851). Ensure this service has been undertaken and report any deficiencies to the Station Commander.
155
What removal technique provides a time efficient technique that removes an unconscious or decreased level of consciousness firefighter from their equipment providing access for assessment and further medical intervention?
The Mayday Drag
156
When responded to a Community First Responder incident and the patient refuses care, what should you do?
Refusal of care If care is refused, observe the patient until the ambulance arrives. Assume an unconscious patient wants assistance. If a patient previously refusing treatment loses consciousness, treat them.
157
To ensure visibility, firefighters must always wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when working on roadways. List the PPE that can be used.
•Structural firefighting coat
• Multi-purpose coat
• High visibility vest
• High-visibility raincoat
• Duty wear trousers
• Structural firefighting trousers
158
Where FRNSW is requested to assist the NSW RFS at a structure fire in a rural Fire District who will be the Incident Controller?
Where the NSWFB is requested to assist the NSW RFS at a structure fire in a rural Fire District, the senior officer from the NSW RFS present at the fire will be the Incident Controller.
159
List four safety precautions when using extension ladders.
Using ladders
The maximum number of persons permitted on the ladder at any time is two.
Exercise care when ascending and descending ladders.
Firefighters climbing the ladder must ensure they have 3 points of contact on the ladder. A point of contact is either a hand holding a rung, or a foot firmly placed on a rung.
An firefighter must always foot the ladder by standing on the anti-slip feet and holding either the rungs or the handles when anybody is on the ladder.
Maintain a working angle of 4:1. For every 4 metres
the head of the ladder extends up the wall, the base of the ladder must be a metre from the wall. If the head extends 8 metres up the wall, the base must be 2 metres from the wall, etc.
Electrical hazards
Take extreme care when working near electrical hazards such as overhead power lines. Keep all people and objects in contact with people, a safe distance from the live electrical apparatus.
Maintain a minimum safe work distance of 8 metres if you are unsure of voltage. Maintain constant vigilance.
Increase the safe working distance to 25 metres if there is fire under or near a high voltage power line, due to the risk of arcing.
Personal Protective Equipment
Firefighters must wear personal protective clothing and equipment as determined by the Incident Commander according to the nature of the incident. At a minimum, wear Level 3 PPE with eye protection while handling ladders.
160
When must Level 1 or Level 2
Rehabilitation be considered?
Level 1 Rehab - recommended for small incidents not requiring the response of a specialist incident ground rehabilitation capability. Level 1 Rehab uses equipment carried on front line firefighting appliances. Generally, the Incident Controller (IC) manages Level 1 Rehab.
Level 2 Rehab - recommended for:
• long duration incidents
• in circumstances where crew rotation is limited
• hot and dry, or cold and wet, conditions
• where working conditions are arduous
• where breathing apparatus usage and rotation is high, or
• where conditions are such that specialist incident ground rehabilitation capabilities are required.
Generally, the IC appoints a dedicated Rehabilitation Officer for these incidents.
161
What two items do FRNSW use that lays out safe working practices to manage the safety of firefighters at incidents?
FRNSW manages the safety of firefighters at incidents by providing training and doctrine that lays out safe working practices.
162
According to SOGs - There are many aspects to ensuring safety at an incident, from the IC implementing the correct strategy, down to the firefighters wearing the right PPE for their assigned tasks. Incident safety can therefore be described in terms of what three levels?
Individual - task level
Work safely to implement tactics
Commanders - tactical level
Organise and deploy resources safely to meet the
IAP objectives
Incident Commander - strategic level
Implement and maintain systems of work for safety and monitor the impact of hazards outside of the incident
163
Describe the term Short Term
Exposure Limit (STEL).
The short term exposure limit (STEL) is the maximum concentration of a substance to which a worker may be exposed for no more than 15
minutes, 4 times a day over an 8 hour day with 60 minutes between exposures.
164
What safety related worksheet is used as method of documenting hazards or risks and control measures at an incident?
Incident safety worksheet
