olfactory and gustation

Question 1

the olfactory epithelium contains ___ and cilia

Answer 1

neurons

Question 2

airborne odorants bind to cilia where ____ are

Answer 2

receptors

Question 3

the nerves travel through ____ ___ to olfactory bulb

Answer 3

cribiform plate

Question 4

the ___ patterns within respiratory and gustatory differ between the two (Cell types)

Answer 4

expression

Question 5

the ____ cells in olfactory epithelium will replace the neurons in the cilia (unique for turnover)

Answer 5

basal

Question 6

the odorant receptors have __ transmembrane domains, are highly conserved, and G protein coupled

Answer 6

7

Question 7

receptor cell specificity: the odorants is encoded by at least 1000 smell genes but each receptor cell expresses ____ type of odorant receptor (either maternal or paternal)

Answer 7

one

Question 8

each odor molecules can bind to ____ proteins

Answer 8

several

Question 9

neurons express ___ receptor type but that receptor can bind _____ odorants

Answer 9

one; several

Question 10

___ envoke large inward current when applied to the cilia (important that its at cillia)

Answer 10

odorants

Question 11

odorants in the mucus bind direcrly to the receptor or are shuttled to the receptoe by _____ ____ protein

Answer 11

odorant binding protein

Question 12

receptor binds G protein; ADP bound alpha subunit
ADP to ATP
alpha subunit dissociates and activated adenylyl cyclase which increase _____; binds PKA (Regulates gene expression) then binds cAMP gated channels to realse

Answer 12

cAMP; Ca

Question 13

when Ca enters cell from cAMP activation it activates what

Answer 13

calmodulin (Cl- in; Ca out)

Question 14

PKA regulates ______ type of expression, it binds to CREB and then CREB will bind to response elements in DNA

Answer 14

mono allilic

Question 15

the olfactory neuron projections go to _____ which contain axons and dendrites from mitral cells (make synpases here)

Answer 15

glomeruli

Question 16

the mitral cells send their dendrites to _____ glomerulus only but each gloumerulus contains dendrites from several mitral cells

Answer 16

single

Question 17

what are the olfactory bulb targets

Answer 17

pyriform cortex, olfactory tubercle, amygdala, entorhinal cortex

Question 18

olfactory bulb ___ is proportional to the number of olfactory neurons

Answer 18

size

Question 19

responds to phermones; contains 2 classes of VMO receptor neurons and projects to accessory olfactory bulb

Answer 19

vomeronasal organ

Question 20

the subtypes of VMO receptors are V1R and V2R they activate _____ in distinct way

Answer 20

TRP2

Question 21

no taste buds

Answer 21

filifrom papillae

Question 22

the fungiform pupillae are innervated by

Answer 22

CN7

Question 23

within the taste bud there is ___ which contains receptors

Answer 23

microvilli

Question 24

the taste cells are polarized epithelial cells seperated by ___ ___

Answer 24

gap junctions

Question 25

within the taste cells there are voltage regulated __ ___ and ___ channels

Answer 25

Na, K and Ca

Question 26

the volatage gated channels in the taste cells mediate release of _____

Answer 26

neurotransmitters

Question 27

the salt changes membrane potential through ENAC channel which opens ___ channels and depolarize

Answer 27

Na

Question 28

sour tastants are transduced by non selective proton sensitive channel and ___ causes depolarization

Answer 28

H+

Question 29

the sweet taste GPRC receptors are called

Answer 29

T1R2 and T1R3

Question 30

receptor cells are tuned tp respond to single taste

Answer 30

labeled line

Question 32

the front of the tongue is innervated by

Answer 32

facial nerve

Question 33

the back of the tongue is innervated by

Answer 33

glossopharyngeal nerve