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Neuroanatomy > Olfactory and Taste > Flashcards

Olfactory and Taste Flashcards

1
Q

what bone is cribriform plate part of?

A

ethmoid

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2
Q

loss of ability to smell

A

anosmiac

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3
Q

only part of olfactory neuron that can respond to odorant

A

cilia

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4
Q

what makes up olfactory stria?

A

mitral and tufted cell

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5
Q

this leads to contralateral olfactory bulb

A

medial olfactory stria

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6
Q

what receives primary olfactory input?

A

amygdala, periamygdaloid complex, piriform cortex, entorhinal cortex

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7
Q

what part of thalamus would olfactory project to (secondarily)?

A

mediodorsal nucleus thalamus

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8
Q

where are taste buds primarily located?

A

circumvallate papillae

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9
Q

how many circumvallate papillae do we have?

A

8/12/2015

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10
Q

what makes up taste cortex?

A

operculum and insular cortex

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11
Q

germ layer for olfactory epithelium

A

ectoderm

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12
Q

this gave rise to olfactory epithelium, glial cells olfactory nerves and bulb

A

olfactory placode

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13
Q

type of epithelium olfactory is

A

pseudostratified columnar

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14
Q

beneath epithelium, secrete mucus in which odorants are dissolved

A

olfactory glands of Bowman

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15
Q

dendrite of bipolar olfactory neuron ends in epithelium as this (bulbous enlargement)…has cilia with odorant receptors

A

olfactory vesicle

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16
Q

these unmyelinated axons are bundled on each side of olfactory neuron

A

olfactory fila

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17
Q

where do olfactory fila terminate?

A

olfactory glomeruli (go thru cribriform plate to here from epithelium)

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18
Q

life span for healthy olfactory cells

A

30-60 days

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19
Q

these act as stem cells that give rise to receptor cells in olfactory epithelium

A

basal cells

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20
Q

layers of olfactory bulb from superficial to deep

A

nerve fiber, glomerular, external plexiform, mitral cell, granule cell

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21
Q

what makes up nerve fiber layer of olfactory bulb? where do these terminate?

A

afferent from olfactory epithelium; glomeruli

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22
Q

makes up glomeruli…olfactory receptor axons synapse on these dendrites

A

mitral and tufted cells

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23
Q

mitral and tufted cells have reciprocal connections with these cells

A

periglomerular cells

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24
Q

modulatory input to olfactory bulb glomerular layer

A

locus ceruleus, raphe nuclei, anterior olfactory nucleus, diagonal band of Broca

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25
Q

what makes up external plexiform layer of olfactory bulb?

A

somata of tufted cells, dendrites tufted and mitral cells, apical dendrites granule cell

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26
Q

principal cell type of olfactory bulb

A

mitral

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27
Q

what input do mitral dendrites receive in external plexiform layer?

A

centrifugal fibers of olfactory tract

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28
Q

these axons run in olfactory tract and comprise main output of the bulb

A

mitral cell

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29
Q

are mitral and tufted cells inhibitory or excitatory?

A

excitatory (probably glutamate)

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30
Q

principle interneuron of olfactory bulb

A

granule cell

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31
Q

two interneurons in olfactory bulb

A

periglomerular and granular cells

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32
Q

inputs to periglomerular cells

A

olfactory neuroepithelial cells, centrifugal fibers olfactory tract, dendrodendritic synapses w/ mitral

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33
Q

what do periglomerular cells secrete?

A

dopamine, GABA, peptides

34
Q

NT for granule cells

A

GABA

35
Q

granule cells receive axodendritic contacts from these cells

A

mitral cells and centrifugal fibers

36
Q

an order arrives in a glomerulus and stimulates these cells…which then inhibit surrounding mitral cells (*surround inhibition*)

A

periglomerular cells

37
Q

collateral branches of mitral/tufted cells axons terminate here (between olfactory bulb/tract)

A

anterior olfactory nucleus

38
Q

this is located at rostral margin of anterior perforated substance…olfactory tract expands here

A

olfactory trigone

39
Q

where do most axons that enter the olfactory trigone from the olfactory tract go?

A

lateral olfactory stria (to lateral olfactory area)

40
Q

fibers that don’t enter lateral olfactory stria will go to here (*which is part of intermediate olfactory area*)

A

anterior perforated substance

41
Q

principal cell axons pass through the olfactory tract and terminate here

A

primary olfactory areas (for subjective appreciation)

42
Q

lateral olfactory tract (formed by mitral and tufted projections) gives rise to these; where does this project?

A

medial and lateral olfactory stria; contra. olfactory tract

43
Q

anterior olfactory nucleus projects here

A

bilateral olfactory bulbs, contra. anterior olfactory nucleus

44
Q

where does projection from olfactory bulb terminate?

A

primary olfactory cortex

45
Q

these make up primary olfactory cortex; how many layers?

A

amygdaloid nuclear complex, olfactory tubercle, piriform cortex, entorhinal cortex; 3 layers

46
Q

where does lateral olfactory stria terminate?

A

olfactory tubercle and piriform cortex

47
Q

lateral olfactory stria projects here via amygdala

A

MD thalamus

48
Q

lateral olfactory stria projects here for conscious perception of smell

A

orbitofrontal cortex

49
Q

lateral olfactory stria projects here via the entorhinal cortex

A

hippocampus

50
Q

where does lateral olfactory stria project?

A

MD thalamus, orbitofrontal cortex, hippocampus

51
Q

where do anterior olfactory nucleus, olfactory tubercle, piriform cortex, anterior cortical amygdaloid nucleus, periamygdaloid cortex, and lateral entorhinal cortex project?

A

lateral hypothalamus, DM thalamus, insular and orbital cortex, olfactory bulb

52
Q

olfactory cortex has direct connections with these

A

orbitofrontal and insular cortex

53
Q

olfactory cortex has projections to these structures for feeding and learning/behavior

A

lateral hypothalamus and hippocampus

54
Q

these make up pyriform cortex

A

uncus, entorhinal area, limen insulae

55
Q

this is landmark of amygdala/lateral olfactory area on medial surface temporal lobe

A

uncus

56
Q

this part of amygdala receives olfactory fibers; what is other part of amygdala part of?

A

dorsomedial; limbic system

57
Q

principal region for conscious awareness of olfactory stimuli (*primary olfactory area*)

A

lateral olfactory area

58
Q

this percent of human genome is for odorant receptors

A

3

59
Q

what kind of receptors are odorant receptors?

A

GPCR

60
Q

lesion of this will cause olfactory hallucinations

A

parahippocampal region

61
Q

meningioma of olfactory groove compresses olfactory tract and optic neve

A

Foster Kennedy syndrome

62
Q

how many chemoreceptor cells are located on taste bud?

A

40-60

63
Q

what is turnover rate for gustatory receptor cells? what is source of new cells?

A

10-14 days; basal cells

64
Q

taste buds located on lingual papillae

A

fungiform, vallate, folate papillae

65
Q

how many taste buds do fungiform papillae include? (*anterior 2/3 tongue*)

A

2/4/2015

66
Q

these papillae located on terminal sulcus; how many taste buds?

A

vallate; 8-12

67
Q

this papillae located on lateral tongue (*only ONE…2-9 clefts*)

A

folate

68
Q

these extend into taste pores…soluble chemicals interact with receptors here

A

apical microvilli

69
Q

this taste occurs when chemical interacts with specific ion channel

A

salty

70
Q

these tastes occur when chemical interactions with receptor activated GPCR second messenger pathway

A

sweet, sour, bitter

71
Q

transduction of this in taste can be done thru ion channels or G protein pathways

A

amino acid

72
Q

these SVA CN carry taste

A

VII, IX, X

73
Q

where are first order neurons located for taste? where do these project?

A

geniculate, glossopharyngeal, vagal ganglia; solitary tract/nucleus

74
Q

this CN innervates taste for anterior 2/3 tongue and palate; what nerves carry taste fibers? where are cell bodies?

A

VII; chorda tympani and GPN; geniculate ganglion

75
Q

CN innervates vallate papillae and posterior 1/3 tongue; where are cell bodies?

A

IX; inferior ganglion

76
Q

CN that innverates epiglottis for taste; what nerve carries taste fibers? where are cell bodies?

A

X; superior laryngeal; inferior ganglion

77
Q

second order taste neurons from solitary tract travel in this; where do they terminate?

A

CTT; VPM thalamus

78
Q

third order taste neurons from VPM thalamus travel through this; where do these fibers terminate?

A

posterior limb IC; frontal operculum (area 43), anterior insular cortex, rostral area 3b (discriminative taste pathway)

79
Q

insular cortex projects here to get to hippocampal formation

A

entorhinal cortex (area 28)

80
Q

complete loss of taste

A

ageusia

81
Q

distortion of taste

A

parageusia

Neuroanatomy (10 decks)

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