Oli for the BIOLOGY

Question 1

What are eukaryotic cells?

Answer 1

Complex cells that contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

Question 2

Eukaryotic cells are commonly identified as which types of cells?

Answer 2

Animal and plant cells.

Question 3

What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?

Answer 3

It is the control center of cells.

Question 4

What are mitochondria known for?

Answer 4

They are double-membraned powerhouses that produce energy (ATP) for cellular functions.

Question 5

What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 5

Responsible for synthesizing, folding, and modifying proteins and lipids.

Question 6

What is the Golgi apparatus responsible for?

Answer 6

Modifying, sorting, and packaging of proteins and lipids that have been synthesized.

Question 7

What do lysosomes contribute to the cell?

Answer 7

Cell digestion and waste management.

Question 8

What are ribosomes and their function?

Answer 8

Molecular machines that synthesize proteins.

Question 9

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 9

Surrounds and protects the cell and its organelles.

Question 10

What are prokaryotic cells?

Answer 10

Simpler and smaller cells that do not contain a nucleus.

Question 11

Name two types of prokaryotes.

Answer 11

Fungi and Archaea.

Question 12

What is RNA?

Answer 12

A single-stranded nucleic acid made up of ribonucleotides.

Question 13

What are the types of RNA?

Answer 13

• Messenger RNA
• Transfer RNA
• Ribosomal RNA

Question 14

What is the role of RNA in cells?

Answer 14

Responsible for creating amino acids, which create proteins.

Question 15

What is the size range of prokaryotic cells?

Answer 15

0.1 to 5 micrometers.

Question 16

What is the size range of eukaryotic cells?

Answer 16

10 to 100 micrometers.

Question 17

Fill in the blank: Standard form is a way of expressing very large or very small numbers in a _______.

Answer 17

compact form.

Question 18

What is an order of magnitude?

Answer 18

A way to classify numbers based on their scale, usually by the power of 10.

Question 19

What role do chloroplasts play in plant cells?

Answer 19

They are essential for the process of photosynthesis.

Question 20

What is the function of the central vacuole?

Answer 20

Helps maintain cell pressure, store nutrients, and remove waste products.

Question 21

What are specialized cells?

Answer 21

Unique cells with specific structures and functions tailored to perform particular tasks.

Question 22

Give examples of specialized cells in animals.

Answer 22

• Nerve cells
• Red Blood cells
• Muscle cells

Question 23

Give examples of specialized cells in plants.

Answer 23

• Guard cells
• Xylem cells
• Phloem cells

Question 24

What does magnification refer to?

Answer 24

The process of enlarging the appearance of an object when viewed through a microscope.

Question 25

How is magnification calculated?

Answer 25

Magnification = Size of image ÷ Actual size of object.

Question 26

What is resolution in optical instruments?

Answer 26

The ability to distinguish between two closely spaced objects.

Question 27

What is DNA?

Answer 27

The molecule that carries genetic information, structured as a double helix.

Question 28

What is a gene?

Answer 28

A specific sequence of DNA that codes for a particular protein or function.

Question 29

How many genes are estimated to be in the human genome?

Answer 29

About 20,000 to 25,000 genes.

Question 30

What are chromosomes?

Answer 30

Long strands of DNA tightly coiled around proteins called histones.

Question 31

How many chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 31

46 chromosomes, arranged in 23 pairs.

Question 32

What is chromatin?

Answer 32

The less condensed form of DNA when a cell is not dividing.

Question 33

What happens to chromatin during cell division?

Answer 33

It condenses to form visible chromosomes.

Question 34

What are enzymes?

Answer 34

Proteins that facilitate biochemical reactions, specific to particular reactions.

Question 35

What is the circulatory system responsible for?

Answer 35

Transporting blood, nutrients, gases, and waste products throughout the body.

Question 36

What are the key components of the respiratory system?

Answer 36

* Nose * Trachea * Lungs * Diaphragm

Question 37

What is the function of the digestive system?

Answer 37

Breaking down foods into nutrients for energy, growth, and cell repair.

Question 38

What are the key components of the nervous system?

Answer 38

* Brain * Spinal cord * Peripheral nerves

Question 39

What does the muscular system enable?

Answer 39

Movement of the body and maintenance of posture.

Question 40

What is the skeletal system's function?

Answer 40

Provides support, structure, and protection for the body’s organs.

Question 41

What is the role of the endocrine system?

Answer 41

Regulates bodily functions through hormones.

Question 42

What does the immune system defend against?

Answer 42

Pathogens and diseases.

Question 43

What are the key components of the integumentary system?

Answer 43

* Skin * Hair * Nails * Sweat glands

Question 44

What is the reproductive system responsible for?

Answer 44

Producing offspring and regulating sexual characteristics.

Question 45

What is the heart's primary function?

Answer 45

Pumps blood throughout the body.

Question 46

What are the lungs responsible for?

Answer 46

Facilitating gas exchange.

Question 47

What does the liver do?

Answer 47

Processes nutrients, detoxifies substances, and produces bile.

Question 48

What is the role of the kidneys?

Answer 48

Filters blood to remove waste products and produce urine.

Question 49

What does the pancreas produce?

Answer 49

Digestive enzymes and hormones like insulin.

Question 50

What is the function of the stomach in digestion?

Answer 50

Breaks down food using acids and enzymes.

Question 51

Fill in the blank: pH levels measure how _______ or basic a solution is.

Answer 51

acidic

Question 52

What is the pH scale range?

Answer 52

0 to 14, with 7 being neutral.

Question 53

What pH level indicates an acidic solution?

Answer 53

pH < 7.

Question 54

What can you add to increase pH?

Answer 54

Substances like baking soda or lime.

Question 55

What are pathogens?

Answer 55

Microorganisms that can cause disease in hosts.

Question 56

What are viruses?

Answer 56

Tiny infectious agents that require a living host to replicate.

Question 57

What are bacteria?

Answer 57

Single-celled organisms that can multiply rapidly.

Question 58

What are fungi?

Answer 58

Organisms that can be single-celled or multicellular.

Question 59

What are protozoa?

Answer 59

Single-celled organisms that can live in water or soil.

Question 60

What are helminths?

Answer 60

Parasitic worms that can cause diseases.

Question 61

How can pathogens spread?

Answer 61

* Direct contact * Airborne transmission * Food and water * Vectors

Question 62

What are the components of the immune system?

Answer 62

* White blood cells * Antibodies * Vaccination