Olinger

Question 1

Where are Nissl bodies present

Answer 1

In the cell body and the dendrites

Question 2

Where are Nissl bodies NOT present?

Answer 2

Axon hillock

Question 3

Components of Nissl bodies

Answer 3

Free ribosomes, rough ER, and mitochondria

Question 4

Bipolar neurons

Answer 4

Single axon from either side of cell body

Question 5

Examples of bipolar neurons

Answer 5

Retina, olfactory epithelium, vestibular, auditory system

Question 6

Pseudounipolar neuron

Answer 6

Single axon divides a short distance from the cell body

Question 7

Examples of Pseudounipolar neuron

Answer 7

Sensory ganglia of cranial and spinal nerves

Question 8

Multipolar neuron

Answer 8

Many dendrites and single long axons

Question 9

Two kinds of multipolar neurons

Answer 9

Pyramidal and Purkinje cells

Question 10

Where are pyramidal cells located

Answer 10

Cerebral cortex and have huge dendritic tree

Question 11

Where are Purkinje cells located

Answer 11

Cerebellar cortex

Question 12

What makes up the cerebral cortex layers

Answer 12

Gray matter- molecular layer, external granular layer, external pyramidal layer, internal granular layer, internal pyramidal layer, multiform layer
White matter

Question 13

What makes up the cerebellar organization

Answer 13

Gray matter- molecular layer, Purkinje layer, granular layer

White matter

Question 14

What happens at the synapse

Answer 14

Electrochemical process where voltage gated sodium channels will propogate signals very fast down the axon and cause depolarization to send the signal to the next cell body

Question 15

Where are synaptic vesicles located

Answer 15

Located on presynaptic membrane and secrete their contents into the postsynaptic membrane

Question 16

What are the 4 types of synapses?

Answer 16

Axosomatic, axoaxonic, axodendritic, axospinous

Question 17

Where are astrocytes located?

Answer 17

Branching cells of the CNS with end-feet extension

Question 18

End-feet

Answer 18

Ends of the cytoplasmic processes off the astrocytes that cover all blood vessels of CNS, pita mater, and dendrites and cell bodies

Question 19

Function of end feet

Answer 19

Prevent things from getting where they shouldn’t

Question 20

Components of the blood brain barrier

Answer 20

Tight junctions, basal lamina, perivascular astrocytes end-feet

Question 21

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 21

Provide myelination through myelin sheaths and can provide to many axons (whereas in PNS one Schwann cell only provides to single axon)

Question 22

Myelination CNS vs PNS

Answer 22

CNS- Astrocytic end foot in direct contact with node. Use oligodendrocytes
PNS- Node of Ranvier. Use Schwann cells

Question 23

Microglia

Answer 23

Macrophages of the CNS

Question 24

Function of microglia

Answer 24

Release chemoattractant to recruit leukocytes to BBB

Question 25

Ependyma

Answer 25

Epithelial cells of the brain

Question 26

Two kinds of ependyma

Answer 26

Ependymal epithelium and tanycytes

Question 27

Ependymal epithelium

Answer 27

Cuboidal cells linked by desmosomes with mitochondria, cilia, and microvilli

Question 28

Tanycytes

Answer 28

Specialized ependymal cells in third ventricle connected by tight junctions

Question 29

Where are tanycytes NOT present

Answer 29

In the central canal (brain stem)

Question 30

What lines the central canal of the brain stem

Answer 30

Ependymal cells

Question 31

What is the choroid plexus?

Answer 31

Ependyma wrapped around fenestrated blood vessels

Question 32

Where is the majority of the CSF made

Answer 32

Lumen of 3rd ventricle

Question 33

Arachnoid-CSF barrier

Answer 33

Keep CSF of dura Prevents CSF from the subarachnoid space from contacting the extracellular space of dura mater DO NOT want CSF pushed up against the dura

Question 34

Components of meninges

Answer 34

Pita mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater

Question 35

Pita mater

Answer 35

Single layer Flat cells On brain surface Directly on neural tissue

Question 36

Arachnoid villi

Answer 36

Protrusions of arachnoid into the lumen of the venous sinus

Question 37

Hydrocephalus

Answer 37

Water in your head

Question 38

What reabsorbs CSF

Answer 38

Arachnoid granulation a and arachnoid villi

Question 39

Dura mater

Answer 39

Tough and collagenous | Surrounds brain and spinal cord

Question 40

5 cells of the CNS

Answer 40

Neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependyma like cells