OM CH11: Quality and statistical process control (SPC)

Question 1

ISO 9000

Answer 1

certain level of quality

Question 2

ISO 14000

Answer 2

environmental standards

Question 3

Total Quality Management (TQM)

Answer 3

quality is the top priority

Question 4

TQM Seven Concepts

Answer 4

1. Continuous improvement
2. Six Sigma
3. Employee Empowerment
4. Benchmarking
5. Just-In-Time
6. Taguchi concepts
7. Knowledge of TQM tools

Question 5

1. Continuous improvement (Kaizen) PDCA

Answer 5

PDCA applied to continuous improvement
Plan: Look for improvement
Do: Test the improvement
Check: Check whether the improvement works
Act: Implement the improvement

Question 6

2. Six Sigma

Answer 6

minimizing defect
goal is to produce 99,9996% of products without errors (3.4 defects/m)

Six Sigma is a step-by-step guide that looks for causes of defect products in a structured way:

DMAIC model:

1. Define: define critical outputs and identify gaps for improvement
2. Measure: measure data (u and lambda)
3. Analyse
4. Improve: improve the actual process
5. Control the new process to make sure new performance in maintained

Question 7

4. Benchmarking

Answer 7

Internat and external

Question 8

5. Just-In-Time

Answer 8

To deliver as late as possible, but still in time

Question 9

6. The concepts of Taguchi

Answer 9

1. Quality Robust:
   The production process should be as robust as possible. This allows for more variation without product rejection.
2. Quality Loss Function:
   L = D^2 * C

L = total loss of quality
D = the number of units the product derives from the goal
C = the costs per unit the product derives form the goal

3. Target Oriented Quality:
   goal setting

Question 10

7. Tools to implement TQM

Answer 10

Tools for Generating Ideas
Tools for Organizing Data
Tools for Identifying Problems

--> to find the cause
Pareto chart (ranks the problems)
Flow chart

Question 11

source inspection

Answer 11

check the raw materials

Question 12

Tools for generating ideas

Answer 12

check sheets
scatter diagrams
Cause-and-effect-diagram (fishbone/Ishikawa)

Question 13

Tools for organizing the data

Answer 13

Pareto charts

Flow charts

Question 14

Tools for identifying problems

Answer 14

histogram

statistical process control chart