omm

Question 1

TART stands for

Answer 1

Tissue text changes, asymmetry, restriction, tenderness

Question 2

Physiologic barrier

Answer 2

The end point of active range of motion (the point to where the patient can move themselves)

Question 3

Acute TART changes

Answer 3

Edematous, erythematous, boggy, hypertonic, symmetric, painful restriction, severe/sharp pain

Question 4

Chronic TART changes

Answer 4

No edema or erythema, cool skin
Decreased muscle tone, flaccid, ropy, fibrotic
Asymmetry with compensation
Non-painful restricted range of motion
Dull, achy, burning pain

Question 5

Freyettes

Answer 5

For TL spine:
N SxRy (typically grouped)
E/F SxRx (typically single)

Question 6

Somatic dysfunctions are named for their freedom of motion

Answer 6

Just a reminder :)

Question 7

Facet orientation

Answer 7

BUM BUL BM

Question 8

Scalenes

Answer 8

Originate from posterior tubercle of transverse process and insert on rib 1 (ant and middle) and rib 2 (posterior)
SB neck to same side (unilateral contraction)
Flex neck (bilateral contraction)
Elevate the rib during inhalation

Question 9

SCM

Answer 9

Unilateral contraction: SB toward, R away

Bilateral contraction: flexion

Question 10

Alar and transverse ligaments

Answer 10

Weak in RA and Downs -> atlantoaxial subluxation

Question 11

C-spine nerve roots

Answer 11

Exit above corresponding vertebrae

Question 12

OA

Answer 12

Primary motion: F/E (SB occurs opposite)

Question 13

AA

Answer 13

Primary motion: rotation (this is its ONLY motion)

Question 14

Motion of C2-C7

Answer 14

SxRx regardless of F/E

Question 15

Cervical stenosis

Answer 15

Increased pain with extension, + Spurlings

Question 16

Thoracic spinous processes

Answer 16

Rule of 3’s

Question 17

Primary motion of thoracic spine

Answer 17

Rotation

Question 18

Atypical ribs

Answer 18

1s and 2s

1, 2, 11, 12 (10ish)

Question 19

True/false/floating ribs

Answer 19

1-7: true
8-12: false
11-12: floating

Question 20

Rib movement

Answer 20

1-5: pump handle
6-10: bucket handle
11-12: caliper

Question 21

Grouped rib dysfunction

Answer 21

BITE

Question 22

Primary motion of lumbar spine

Answer 22

F/E

Question 23

Herniated nucleus pulposus

Answer 23

Narrowing of posterior longitudinal ligament -> posterolateral herniation
Usually L4L5 or L5S1; will put pressure on nerve root BELOW
Shooting pain down back and leg; worse with flexion
+ straight leg test

Question 24

Psoas syndrome

Answer 24

Prolonged contraction of psoas (sitting)
LBP to groin; increased with standing/walking
+Thomas test
TP: medial to ASIS
Non-neutral dysfunction of L1 or L2, + pelvic shift to CL side, oblique sacral dysfunction

Question 25

Spinal stenosis

Answer 25

Narrowing of spinal canal | Pain worse with extension: standing/walking/supine

Question 26

Spondylolisthesis

Answer 26

Anterior displacement of a vertebra (pars interarticualris) Increased pain with extension Tight hammies, stiff-legged, short-stride, waddling gait

Question 27

Cauda equina syndrome

Answer 27

Pressure on nerve roots due to massive central disc herniation Saddle anesthesia, decreased DTRs, loss of bowel/bladder

Question 28

Structural vs Functional scoliosis

Answer 28

Structural: fixed curve; doesnt correct with SB (vertebral wedging and short ligaments on concave side) Functional: flexible; will correct with SB

Question 29

Severity of scoliosis

Answer 29

Mild: 5-15 Moderate: 20-45 Severe: >50 (respiratory compromise at this level) CV compromise at >75

Question 30

Causes of scoliosis

Answer 30

Idiopathic: Who knows. Maybe genetic. ~80% of cases Congential: malformation of vertebrae; progressive NM: Muscle weakness/spasm (polio, cerebral palsy, DMD) Aquired: tumors, infection, osteomalacia, psoas syndrome

Question 31

Treatment of scoliosis

Answer 31

Mild: PT, Konstancin exercises, OMT Moderate: same but with bracing Severe: surgery

Question 32

Short leg syndrome

Answer 32

Scaral base lower on short leg side Anterior rotation on same side/ posterior on opposite Lumbar S away, R toward side of short leg Iliolumbar ligaments stressed on same side Heel lift short leg: final lift 1/2-3/4 total discrepancy unless acute loss (hip fx or prosthesis), then full amount;

Question 33

True pelvic ligaments

Answer 33

(SI ligaments): anterior, posterior and interosseous

Question 34

Accessory pelvic ligaments

Answer 34

Sacrotuberous, sacrospoinous, iliolumbar

Question 35

Craniosacral motion

Answer 35

Craniosacral flexion: sacral base rotations posteriorly/counternutates

Question 36

Sacrum and L5

Answer 36

L5 and sacrum rotate to opposite sides (Oblique axis will be on the same side as the SB of L5) Neutral will be neutral (ie NL5 = forward torsion)

Question 37

Most common dysfunction post-partum

Answer 37

Sacral flexion