OMM first 4 lectures & Lab #1

Question 1

Agonist muscle

Answer 1

The prime mover, muscle primarily responsible for movement. The agonist is responsible for moving a body part by shortening or contracting its length.

Question 2

Antagonist

Answer 2

Muscle that opposes the prime mover

Question 3

Synergist

Answer 3

Muscle that assists the prime mover

Question 4

Isometric Contraction

Answer 4

The load on the muscle exceeds the tension generated by the contracting muscle, no movement, the muscle contracts but does not shorten

Question 5

Isotonic Contraction

Answer 5

A contraction where movement DOES take place.

The tension generated by the contracting muscle exceeds the load on the muscle.

Question 6

compare concentric and eccentric

Answer 6

Concentric- muscle shortens while it contracts (decrease in length)
Eccentric- muscle lengthens while it contracts (increase in length)

Question 7

Passive Lengthening

Answer 7

stretching; The muscle is being lengthened while in a passive state, they are not contracting

Question 8

Flexibility and what is recommended to increase it

Answer 8

increase the length of a muscle; a force is applied to lengthen a passive muscle for a certain period of time

ACSM-15-30 seconds 3-5x 2 days a week

Question 9

four types of stretching

Answer 9

Static (passive)
Active (dynamic)
Ballistic
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation PNF

Question 10

Static Stretching

Answer 10

slowly stretching a muscle to its end ROM (some discomfort)

not recommended before sports activity because it relaxes your muscles, but it is recommended after

Question 11

Ballistic Stretch

Answer 11

passive stretching or dynamic stretching in a bouncing motion.
It involves fast “bouncing” movements where a double bounce is performed at the end range of movement.

Ballistic (bouncy) stretching can cause injury not recommended

Question 12

Active Stretching

Answer 12

An active stretch uses movement to bring a muscle through an active ROM stretches the muscles and tissues,
prepares the muscles for the action by activating and warming them up for use during excercise

Question 13

Dynamic Stretching

Answer 13

Dynamic stretching is most effective when it’s sport-specific.
e.g.
Controlled leg movements : improve ROM, loosen muscles and increase heart rate, body temperature, and blood flow to help you run more efficiently.

Question 14

what are the primary muscles involved in lower back pain?

Answer 14

Iliopsoas
Erector Spinae
Hamstring
Rectus Abdominus

Gluteus Maximus
Quadricep

Question 15

recommendations for Lower Back Pain LBP

Answer 15

1- non-pharmacologic treatment with exercise 
2- multidisciplinary rehabilitation
acupuncture 
mindfulness-based stress reduction
 tai chi, yoga, motor control exercise, progressive relaxation, 
electromyography biofeedback, 
low-level laser therapy, 
operant therapy, 
cognitive behavioral therapy or 
spinal manipulation
3- pharmacologic treatment

Question 16

what alleviates lower back pain?

Answer 16

1- physical activity, 2 hours reduces the risk of back pain by 17%, adding minor activity improves LBP in overweight and obese people

Question 17

what risks adolescent LB injuries?

Answer 17

1- hyperextension (arching of the lower back) and other improper techniques.
2- Insufficient strength of the abdominal and back extensor muscles
3- amount of intensive training done

Question 18

What can be done to prevent back injuries in young athletes?

Answer 18

1- dont spend more hours per week than their age playing sports.
2- shouldn’t specialize in one sport before late adolescence.
3- take at least one day off per week
4- take a break from competition for one to three months a year

Question 19

Allostatic load

Answer 19

cumulative biological burden exacted on the body through attempts to adapt to life’s demands

Question 20

compare mortality rates of SMC with OMT

Answer 20

overal SMC 5% but SMC + OMT .25%

Mortaity with pneumonia complication 33% (as high as 68-78% in large cities) but only 10% with OMT

Question 21

Define TART

Answer 21

Tissue texture changes
Asymmetry
Restriction of motion
Tenderness

Question 22

describe pedal lymphatic pump

Answer 22

describe pedal lymphatic pump

Question 23

describe thoracic lymphatic pump

Answer 23

rhythmical compressions to the chest wall and the rapid removal of the hands from the chest wall during deep inhalation with the intention of enhancing lymphatic circulation and triggering a sudden expansion of airways and alveoli.

Question 24

four osteopathic tenents

Answer 24

1-A person constitutes a biologically unified whole.
2- The structure and function of the body are reciprocally interrelated.
3- The body possesses self-regulatory and self-healing mechanisms.
4- Rational treatment is based upon these understandings.

Question 25

how do you help balance autonomic tone along T1-L2 sympathetic chain?

Answer 25

Inhibitory pressure - Soft tissue myofascial release Rib raising Ganglion release

Question 26

what is the main cellular component is and its function

Answer 26

fibroblast - Produce collagen - Organized on stress/ lines of force

Question 27

Myofascial release

Answer 27

method for reducing tissue tension.

Question 28

Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine

Answer 28

The application of osteopathic philosophy, structural diagnosis and use of hands on manipulation in the diagnosis and management of the patient.

Question 29

P-A-L-P-A-T-E Method:

Answer 29

P-osition of comfort each time A-natomy continuously study and visualize L-evel of tissue engagement (not to deep or too superficial) P-urpose: understand and try to direct precise intention toward expected outcome on the tissue A-scertain movement i.e. motion test T-weaking: Fine-tune your perception – Ask questions: what does it feel like? How can I be getting better results? Why does it feel this way? What happens if I do this? Or that? Symmetry? Reaction of tissues to touch – welcoming/guarded? Density? Restriction? Heat? Vitality? E-valuate changes after palpation or after technique applied: Reassess.