OMM Week 2 Lecture

Question 1

Sternal notch

Answer 1

T2

Question 2

Angle of Louis

Answer 2

T4

Question 3

Umbilicus

Answer 3

L4

Question 4

Spine of scapular

Answer 4

T3

Question 5

Inferior angle of scapula

Answer 5

Spinous process of T7, transverse process of T8

Question 6

iliac crest

Answer 6

L4-5 IV disc

Question 7

T8

Answer 7

Venal caval foramen (inferior vena cava, phrenic nerve)

Question 8

T10

Answer 8

esophageal hiatus (esophagus, vagus nerve)

Question 9

T12

Answer 9

aortic hiatus (aorta, thoracic duct, azygous vein)

Question 10

“Rule of Threes”

Answer 10

outlines the positional relationship between the spinous process and the transverse processes

Question 11

T1-3
T4-6
T7-9

Answer 11

Same segment
Half segment below
1 segment below

Question 12

T10
T11
T12

Answer 12

1 segment below
half segment blow
same segment

Question 13

Spinal nerves emerge from the

Answer 13

neural foramen below their corresponding vertebral segments

Question 14

How many pairs of thoracic and lumbar nerves?

Answer 14

12 pairs of thoracic
5 pairs of lumbar

Question 15

Dermatome map

Answer 15

illustrates sensory nerve distribution in the skin from specific spinal nerves

Question 16

Dermatome map helps to

Answer 16

identify sensory loss patterns in patients

Question 17

Dermatome map aids in

Answer 17

localizing and diagnosing neurological conditions or spinal nerve related injuries

Question 18

Shingles

Answer 18

-painful rash that follows a dermatomal pattern caused by reactivation of dominant herpes zoster viral infection

-inflames the sensory root ganglia

Question 19

T1-4

Answer 19

head and neck

Question 20

T1-5

Answer 20

heart

Question 21

T2-7

Answer 21

lungs

Question 22

T5-9

Answer 22

distal esophagus, stomach, duodenum, liver, gallbladder

Question 23

T5-11

Answer 23

pancreas and spleen

Question 24

T10-11

Answer 24

jejunum, ileum, cecum, ascending and transverse colon, kidneys, ureters, gonads

Question 25

T12-L2

Answer 25

descending colon, sigmoid, rectum, and pelvic organs

Question 26

Costal facet joints

Answer 26

the costal facet joints of T2-10 are made up of the superior and inferior vertebrae and are known as demi-facet joint.

Question 27

Zygapophyseal joint

Answer 27

Question 28

Cervical facet orientation

Answer 28

BUM: backwards, upwards, medial

Question 29

Lumbar

Answer 29

BUM: backwards, upwards, medial

Question 30

Thoracic

Answer 30

BUL: backwards, upwards, lateral

Question 31

Facet arthropathy

Answer 31

localized pain, which may radiate, but typically not below the knees -Worse in the morning and with activity -Worse with extension, rotation, side-bending -Improves with flexion

Question 32

Radio frequency ablation

Answer 32

RF ablation is a treatment option for facet arthropathy that does not decrease range of motion, it effects the nerve at the site of the facet joint and allows range of motion to be retained which follows osteopathic principles

Question 33

Intervertebral discs make up

Answer 33

one third to one quarter the height of the spine

Question 34

Anterior longitudinal ligament

Answer 34

-Very thick -Starts at C2 and extends to the sacrum -Limits extension

Question 35

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

Answer 35

-Extends form the base of the occiput to the sacrum -Narrower and less thick than the anterior longitudinal ligament -If a disc where to herniate, where will it go? posterior.

Question 36

Degenerative Disc Disease

Answer 36

Question 37

Ligamentum Flavum

Answer 37

-Limits flexion -Thickening of ligamentum flava may lead to spinal stenosis -If damaged, the elastic fiber is replaced with fibrous scar tissue

Question 38

Supraspinous ligament

Answer 38

-Limits flexion -Stabilizes the spinous processes

Question 39

Iliolumbar ligament

Answer 39

-Runs from L4/L5 transverse process to iliac crest -Restricts motion at the lumbosacral junction -Usually the first ligament to become tender in a lumbar/pelvis/sacrum dysfunction

Question 40

Psoas Muscle: Innervated by? Hypertonicity may cuase? Test?

Answer 40

-Innervated by L1-3 lumbar spinal nerves -Hypertonicity may cause flexion, rotation, and side-bending towards the ipsilateral side -Thomas Test evaluated for psoas hypertonicity

Question 41

Thoracolumbar fascia image

Answer 41

Question 42

Erector spinae image

Answer 42

Question 43

Transversus abdominis muscle and tendon of origin

Answer 43