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On board drugs Flashcards

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1
Q

Precautions for Fentanyl:

A

Pregnancy, used with caution in elderly, severe respiratory/cardiac disorders

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2
Q

Drug action for Fentanyl:

A

Binds with receptor sites in the brain to produce analgesic affects

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3
Q

Indications for Fentanyl:

A

Pain control, sedation for invasive airway procedures (RSI and PAI)

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4
Q

Route Fentanyl is given:

A

IV, IO and IN

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5
Q

Class of Fentanyl:

A

Opioid analgesic, synthetic narcotic

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6
Q

Side effects for Fentanyl:

A

Respiratory depression, bradycardia, hypo/hypertension, nausea/vomiting

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7
Q

Contraindications for Fentanyl:

A

Respiratory depression, hypotension, head injury, cardiac dysrhythmias, hypersensitivity to opioids

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8
Q

Dose for Fentanyl:

A

Adult: 1-2 mcg/kg (200 mcg max)

Pediatric: 1-2 mcg/kg

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9
Q

Antidote for Fentanyl:

A

Narcan 0.4 mg IN, IVP, or IO, titrated to effect up to 2 mg

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10
Q

Class of Morphine Sulfate:

A

Narcotic- narcotic analgesic or opioid analgesic

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11
Q

Route Morphine is given:

A

IVP (IV push)

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12
Q

Dose for Morphine:

A

Adult: 2-4 mg slow IV push up to a max of 20 mg

Pediatric: 0.1 mg/kg

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13
Q

Drug action for Morphine:

A

Alleviates pain, vasodilator, decrease cardiac workload and oxygen demand, decreases anxiety, CNS depressent

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14
Q

Indications for Morphine:

A

Pain and anixety secondary to AMI, chest pain unrelieved by nitro, pain control, pulmonary edema

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15
Q

Precautions to Morphine:

A

Monitor respiratory and B/P status. Have narcan available

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16
Q

Side effects to Morphine:

A

Respiratory depression, dizziness, hypotension, bradycardia, nausea/vomiting, itching and constipation

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17
Q

Contraindicatoins for Morphine:

A

Systolic B/P <90 mmHg, traumatic brian injury, severe respiratory depression

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18
Q

Antidote for Morhpine:

A

Narcan 0.4 mg IN, IVP, or IO, titrated to affect up to 2 mg

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19
Q

Class of Albuterol:

A

Sympathomimetic

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20
Q

Route Albuterol is given:

A

Inhaled (can be given via the ET tube)

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21
Q

Dose of Albuterol:

A

Adult: Nebulized inhaler 2.5 mg over 5-15 mins

Pediatric: Same as adult

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22
Q

Drug action of Albuterol:

A

Causes bronchodilation via Beta 2

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23
Q

Indications for Albuterol:

A

Bronchospasm from asthma or COPD, allergic reactions, unresponsive to Epi or Benadryl

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24
Q

Precautions for Albuterol:

A

Known heart disease

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25
Side effects for albuterol:
Restlessness, hypertension, tachycardia
26
Contraindications for Albuterol:
Pregnancy (except in life-threatening situations), can increase the heart rate and blood sugar levels in the fetus
27
Class of Aspirin:
NSAID, anti-platelet aggregator, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic
28
Route Aspirin is given:
Oral
29
Dose for Aspirin:
One (325 mg) adult aspirin or four (81 mg) baby aspirin, standing order regardless of whether the patient has taken any aspirin within the previous 24 hours Pediatric: Not given; call medical control
30
Drug action for Aspirin:
Reduces platelet stickiness, blocks pain impulses in the CNS, dilates peripheral vessels, reduces coronary artery vasoconstriction
31
Indications for Aspirin:
Chest pain believed to be of cardiac origin, aspirin prevents blood from clotting by blocking the production of thromboxane, A-2 by platelets
32
Precautions for Aspirin:
Any significant bleeding and chronic use can casue GI bleeding
33
Side effects of Aspirin:
None for pre-hospital
34
Contraindications for Aspirin:
Aspirin allergy, aspirin-induced asthma and hemorrhagic stroke
35
Class of Epi 1:1:
Sympathomimetic
36
Route Epi 1:1 is given:
Subcutaneous (SQ) or IVPB drip (rarely)
37
Dose of Epi 1:1:
Adult: Asthmatic bronchonconstriction and allergic reaction/anaphylaxis- .3 mg- .05 mg SQ Proufound Bradycardia- 2-10 mcg/min IVPB continuous infusion, titrated to effect, mix 1 mg in 500 mL of NS or D5W Pediatric: Asthmatic bronchoconstriction and allergic reaction/anaphylactic- 0.01 mg/kg SQ (max 0.3 mg per dose) Profound bradycardia- 0.1-1 mcg/kg/min IVPB continuous infusion, titrated to effect, mix 1 mb in 250 mL
38
Drug action of Epi 1:1:
Alpha: peripheral vasoconstriction- increases blood pressure in anaphylaxis, decreases vessel permeability, increases coronary cereral perfusion Beta 1: Increases heart rate and increases contractoin strength Beta 2: Bronchodilation
39
Indications for Epi1:1:
Asthmatic bronchospasm refractory (doesn't respond) to Albuterol and Atrovent. Allergic reaction/anaphylaxis. Profound, symptomatic bradycardia refractory to other treatments
40
Precautions for Epi1:1:
Monitor ECG closely, massage the site vigorously after SQ injections, patients on beta blockers may need higher doses of ipinephrine and/or Glucagon
41
Side effects of Epi 1:1:
Headache, flushing. Nausea, vominting. Restlessness, tremors, trachycardia, HTN, myocradial ischemia/infarction, chest pain and arrhythmias
42
Contraindications of Epi 1:1:
Asthma-heart disease/history of AMI, over 45, arrhythmias, labor
43
Class of Epi 1:10:
44
Route Epi 1:10 is given:
IVP (IV push)
45
Dose for Epi 1:10:
Adult: Cardiac arrest- 1 mg IVP Anaphylaxis- 0.1-0.2 mg slow IVP (.1 mg/min), Profound symptomatic bradycardia- 2-10 mcg/min IVPB continuous infusion, titrated to effect. Mix 1 mg in 250 mL or 500 mL of NS or D5W Pediatric: Cardiac arrest- IV 0.01 mg/kg rapid IVP Anaphylaxis- 0.01 mg/kg slow push (0.1 mg/min- max is 0.3 mg per dose) Proufound symptomatic bradycardia- 0.01 mg/kg slow IVP (0.1 mg/min- max 0.3 mg per dose)
46
Drug action of Epi 1:10:
Alpha: Peripheral vasoconstriction Beta 1: Increases heart rate and increases contraction strength Beta 2: Bronchodilation
47
Indicatoins for Epi 1:10:
Cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis that is refractory to epi 1:1 and fluid boluses Pediatric- profound, symptomtic bradycardia refractory to other treatments- never give Epi IVP to live adults in bradycardia
48
Precautions of Epi 1:10:
None in CPR, anaphylaxis- use cautiously in patients with COPD, CHF, history of AMI or heart diease, age over 45, HTN, arrhythmias and labor. Monitor ECG closely. Patients on beta blockers may need higher doses of Epi and/or Glucagon. Don't mix with Sodiuym Bicarb- flush between drugs
49
Side effects of Epi 1:10:
CPR none. Anaphylaxis- increases in myocardial oxygen deman leading to tachycardia, chest pain and arrhythmias, headache, flushing, nausea, vomiting, restlessness and tremors
50
Contraindications for Epi 1:10:
None- if the need it, give it to them
51
Class of Atrovent (ipratropium bromide):
Anticholinergic
52
Route Atrovent is given:
Inhaled
53
Dose of Atrovent:
Adult: Nebulized inhaler 0.5 in 2.5 mL NS Pediatric: \<1 year old 0.25 in 2.5 mL NS \>1 year or older- same as adult
54
Drug action of Atrovent:
Causes bronchodilation and dries secretions, anticholinergic action
55
Indications for Atrovent:
Bronchospasm from asthma or COPD that does not respond to 1st dose of Albuterol, also used for bronchospasm from chemical toxins
56
Precautions for Atrovent:
Notify med control prior to administratoin if patient has a PMHX of glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy (BPH), bladder neck obstruction
57
Side effects of Atrovent:
Dry mouth, cough or worsening of symptoms, skin rash, nausea/vomiting, headache and blurred vision
58
Contraindications of Atrovent:
Sensitivity to soy products (soybeans, peanuts), sensitivity to Atropine, bronchoconstriction due to allergic reaction
59
Class of Nitroglycerin:
Vasodilator
60
Route Nitro is given:
SL usually a spray or tablet
61
Dose for Nitro:
Adult: 1 spray (0.4 mg) or 1 tablet (0.4) SL, may repeat twice q 5 Pediatric: Not used in the pre-hospital setting
62
Drug action for Nitro:
Dilates coronary and systemic vessels, decreases PVR, preload and afterload, decreases cardiac workload, decreases O2 demand on heart
63
Indications for Nitro:
Chest pain of cardiac origin, pulmonary edema associated with CHF (Bp needs to be greater than 90)
64
Precautions for Nitro:
For acute coronary syndrome, perform 12 lead first, watch BP closely, ensure patient is sitting or lying down, may "sting" under tongue or taste bitter, if suspected inferior wall AMI, ensure IV in place prior to administration
65
Side effects to Nitro:
Hypotension, headache, postural hypotension/syncope, reflex tachycardia, nauseas/vomiting, diaphoresis
66
Contraindications for Nitro:
Systolic B/P \<90 mmHg, increases intracranial pressure, Viagra or Levitra within previous 24 hrs or Cialis (48 hrs), hypersensitivity, extreme bradycardia (HR \<50), extreme tachycardias ( HR \>100)

Drugs (2 decks)

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