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Onc - 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Carcinoma

A

Starts in skin or tissue lining organs

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2
Q

Sarcoma

A

Starts in Bone, Cartilage, Fat, Muscle, BVs, Connective tissue

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3
Q

Leukemia

A

Starts in blood forming tissue like BM

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4
Q

Tumor

A

Mass of tissue due to uncontrolled dividing or failed apoptosis

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5
Q

Malig vs Benign tumors

A

Malig - invades/destroys and spreads

Benign - Grows but doesnt invade/spread

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6
Q

Porto-oncogenes

A

Codes for NL proteins involved w/ stimulating division of cells

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7
Q

Oncogenes

A

Mutated Porto-oncogenes that stimulate cell division when it shouldnt

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8
Q

Tumor suppressor genes

A

Codes for proteins involved w/ inhibiting cell division.

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9
Q

What two genes can result in cancer if mutated

A

Oncogenes - promoting tumor growth

Tumor suppressor genes - doesnt inhibit tumor growth

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10
Q

USA top three causes of death?

A
  1. Heart Dz
  2. Cancer
  3. Chronic lower respiratory Dz
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11
Q

USA top three new Cancer incidences for M/F

A

Male
Prostate, Lung, CRC

Female
Breast, Lung, CRC

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12
Q

USA top three Cancers causing mortality for M/F

A

Male
Lung, Prostate, CRC
27, 9, 8%

Female
Lung, Breast, CRC
25, 14, 8%

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13
Q

RFs for Cancer

A

Exposures - Rad, chemicals, infections

Modifiable RFs - Tob, ETOH, nutrition, PT/obese

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14
Q

Cancer TXTs are aimed at what?

A

Oncogenes

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15
Q

What is the single greatest non-modifiable RF?

A

AGE

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16
Q

Colon Cancer and Familial adenomatous polyps notes

A
  • Autodom
  • Mutated APC gene (tumor suppressor)
  • 100% lifetime risk for CRC
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17
Q

Differences between BRCA 1/2

A

BRCA 1 -

  • Breast 85%
  • Ovary 50%

BRCA 2 -

  • Breast (M/F)
  • Ovarian/Prostate
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18
Q

What is the MC MEN syndrome?

A

Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN - 1) AKA

- Werner syndrome

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19
Q

The P’s of Werner syndrome?

A

MC initial presentation- Hyperparathyroidism

- Pituitary tumors
Prolactinoma, pit adenoma
- Pancreatic tumors
(Gastronomy, insulinoma)

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20
Q

MEN 2 syndrome is due to?

A

Mutated RET gene

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21
Q

MEN 2 syndrome can cause

A 
MEN 2A - Sipple synd
- Hirschsprung Dz
MEN 2B 
- Marfans
\+
-Medullary thyroid CA
- Pheochromocytoma
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22
Q

Most preventable cause of cancer death?

A

Smoking cessation (30% M/M)

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23
Q

ETOH ass/w what CA?

A

Head/neck and liver CA

24
Q

Obesity ass/w what CA?

A

Breast/Uterine
Esophageal/CRC
Kidney

25
Obesities mechanisms of higher cancer M/M contribution?
Insulin resistance INC inflam markers DEC screening/effectiveness DEC TXT effectiveness
26
Radiation is ass/w what CA?
Breast Leukemia Lung Thyroid
27
Radon is ass/w what CA?
Lung
28
Vinyl chloride is ass/w what CA?
Hepatic angiosarcoma
29
Benzene is ass/w what CA?
AML | Lymphoma
30
UV light is ass/w what CA?
Skin
31
HPV is ass/w what CA?
Cervical Anal Laryngeal
32
EBV is ass/w what CA?
B-cell lymphoma Nasopharyngeal Oral hairy leukoplakia
33
H. Pylori is ass/w what CA?
Gastric Ca | MALT lymphoma
34
Schistosoma is ass/w what CA?
Bladder Cancer
35
HHV-8 is ass/w what CA?
Kaposi Sarcoma
36
HIV is ass/w what CA?
NHL/HL lymphoma
37
Sjogrens inflammatory is ass/w what CA?
Lymphoma
38
Dermatomyositis is ass/w what CA?
MC - Ovarian CA | Multiple others
39
What is the best TXT choice for potential cure?
Surgery
40
Surgery TXT can be implemented w/?
Renal cell carcinoma | Ovarian Cancer
41
SEs of chemo?
Neutropenia N/V GI/Skin toxicity
42
Adjuvant chemo is?
Given after primary TXT(surgery)?
43
Neoadjuvant chemo is?
Given before primary TXT(surgery)
44
What Oncologic emergency can radiation be used w/?
Spinal cord compression
45
Latest cancer TXT advancement?
Biological/immunologic | Monoclonal therapy
46
Tumor markers are useful for?
Prognosis and response to TXT
47
AFP tumor marker ass/w?
Hepatocellular CA | Testicular Ca
48
CA-125 tumor marker ass/w?
Ovarian CA
49
CEA tumor marker ass/w?
CRC
50
CA 19-9 tumor marker ass/w?
Pancreatic CA
51
Paraneoplastic syndromes are?
Features due to remote effects of Cancer
52
Types of Paraneoplastic syndromes
Endocrine Dermatological Hematologic Neuromuscular
53
Endocrine Paraneoplastic findings?
Cushing SIADH Hypercalcemia
54
Dermatologic Paraneoplastic findings?
Dermatomyositis | Acanthosis nigrans
55
Hematologic Paraneoplastic findings?
Erythrocytosis Coagulopathy Thrombophlebitis
56
Neuromuscular Paraneoplastic findings?
Lambert-Eaton myasthenia syndrome
57
What cancer is MOST LIKELY to be ass/w paraneoplastic syndrome?
SCLC | -Cushing, SIADH, Hypercalcemia, Lambert-Eaton, Dermatocytosis, cerebellum syndrome

Onc (3 decks)

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