Onc Pharmacology

Question 1

[Drugs] inhibit NFkB to decrease the transcription of cytokines; therefore suppressing both B and T cell function

Answer 1

Glucocorticoids inhibit NFkB to decrease the transcription of cytokines; therefore suppressing both B and T cell function

Question 2

Glucocorticoids can induce the demargination of WBCs producing an artificial _

Answer 2

Glucocorticoids can induce the demargination of WBCs producing an artificial leukocytosis

Question 3

The risk of stopping glucocorticoids too suddenly is _

Answer 3

The risk of stopping glucocorticoids too suddenly is adrenal insufficiency

Question 4

Name some side effects of glucocorticoids

Answer 4

• Cushing syndrome
• Osteoporosis
• Amenorrhea
• Hyperglycemia
• Diabetes
• Adrenocortical atrophy
• Peptic ulcers
• Cataracts
• Psychosis
• Avascular necrosis (femoral head)

Question 5

_ and _ are the two calcineurin inhibitors

Answer 5

Cyclosporine and tacrolimus are the two calcineurin inhibitors

Question 6

Cyclosporine binds _

Answer 6

Cyclosporine binds cyclophilin

Question 7

Tacrolimus binds _

Answer 7

Tacrolimus binds FKBP
* FK506 binding protein

Question 8

Calcineurin inhibitors block T cell activation by _

Answer 8

Calcineurin inhibitors block T cell activation by preventing IL-2 transcription

Question 9

Calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporine and tacrolimus are both highly [toxic]

Answer 9

Calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporine and tacrolimus are both highly nephrotoxic
* They are also neurotoxic and increase the risk for diabetes

Question 10

[Immunosuppressant] can cause hirsutism and gingival hyperplasia

Answer 10

Cyclosporine can cause hirsutism and gingival hyperplasia

Question 11

_ is a protein downstream of the IL-2 receptor that regulates cell cycle progression and proliferation of T cells

Answer 11

mTOR is a protein downstream of the IL-2 receptor that regulates cell cycle progression and proliferation of T cells

Question 12

[Drug] is an mTOR inhibitor, blocking T cell activation by preventing response to IL-2

Answer 12

Sirolimus is an mTOR inhibitor, blocking T cell activation by preventing response to IL-2
* It binds to FKBP

Question 13

Sirolimus is also called _

Answer 13

Sirolimus is also called rapamycin

Question 14

The most common use of sirolimus is _ given that it is not [toxic]

Answer 14

The most common use of sirolimus is kidney transplant rejection prophylaxis given that it is not nephrotoxic

Question 15

Daclizumab is a _ antibody that blocks the IL-2 receptor

Answer 15

Daclizumab is an anti-CD25 antibody that blocks the IL-2 receptor
* CD25 is a component of the IL-2R

Question 16

Basiliximab is a monoclonal antibody that blocks _

Answer 16

Basiliximab is a monoclonal antibody that blocks IL-2 receptor

Question 17

Azathioprine blocks _

Answer 17

Azathioprine blocks nucleotide (purine) synthesis
* Inhibits lymphocyte proliferation

Question 18

Azathioprine is an anti-metabolite precursor of _

Answer 18

Azathioprine is an anti-metabolite precursor of 6-mercaptopurine

Question 19

6-MP gets degraded by _ ; the toxicity of azathioprine/6-MP increases with concurrent use of allopurinol

Answer 19

6-MP gets degraded by xanthine oxidase ; the toxicity of azathioprine/6-MP increases with concurrent use of allopurinol

Question 20

Cyclophosphamide inhibits T cell proliferation by blocking _

Answer 20

Cyclophosphamide inhibits T cell proliferation by blocking DNA replication

Question 21

_ is also an inhibitor of purine synthesis by blocking IMP dehydrogenase

Answer 21

Mycophenolate is also an inhibitor of purine synthesis by blocking IMP dehydrogenase

Question 22

Glucocorticoids can help decrease inflammation indirectly via stimulating anti-inflammatory proteins like _

Answer 22

Glucocorticoids can help decrease inflammation indirectly via stimulating anti-inflammatory proteins like annexin 1
* Annexin 1 inhibits prostaglandin synthesis

Question 23

Name (4) drugs antibodies that target TNF-alpha

Answer 23

Question 24

Ustekinumab is an antibody that targets cytokines _ and _

Answer 24

Ustekinumab is an antibody that targets cytokines IL-12 and IL-23

Question 25

Guselkumab is an antibody that targets [cytokine]

Answer 25

Guselkumab is an antibody that targets **IL-23**

Question 26

Secukinumab is an antibody that targets [cytokine]

Answer 26

Secukinumab is an antibody that targets **IL-17** * *Ixekizumab also does this*

Question 27

Rituximab targets [receptor]

Answer 27

Rituximab targets **CD20 receptor** * *On B cells*

Question 28

Basilixumab targets [receptor]

Answer 28

Basilixumab targets **IL-2 receptor** * *On T cells*

Question 29

Anakinra targets [receptor] though it is *not* an antibody

Answer 29

Anakinra targets **IL-1 receptors** though it is *not* an antibody

Question 30

Drugs that end in "-tinib" are _ inhibitors which also work by impairing IL-2 production

Answer 30

Drugs that end in "-tinib" are **JAK** inhibitors which also work by impairing IL-2 production

Question 31

Azathioprine specifically acts as a _ analog to inhibit purine synthesis and mutate DNA

Answer 31

Azathioprine specifically acts as a **guanine** analog to inhibit purine synthesis and mutate DNA

Question 32

Methotrexate is an inhibitor of _

Answer 32

Methotrexate is an inhibitor of **DHFR** * *It blocks folate synthesis by blocking dihydrofolic acid reductase* * Inhibits DNA synthesis

Question 33

Leflunomide inhibits _ in pyrimidine synthesis

Answer 33

Leflunomide inhibits **DHODH** in pyrimidine synthesis

Question 34

Vedolizumab and natalizumab are antibodies against _

Answer 34

Vedolizumab and natalizumab are antibodies against **alpha4 integrins** * *They inhibit leukocyte extravasation*