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HemeOnc > Onco Drugs > Flashcards

Onco Drugs Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

Alkylating Agents

A

Direct crosslinking of base pairs: Cisplatin, Cyclophosphamide, Ifsofamide, Carboplatin, Oxaliplatin

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2
Q

Cisplatin

A

Atypical alkylator : Platinum : Nausia & Vomiting, Nephrotoxic

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3
Q

Cyclophosphamide

A

Typical alkylator : Myelosupression, Hemorragic cystitis less serious than Ifsoamide (treat with Mesna)

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4
Q

Ifsofamide

A

Typical alkylator : Myelosupression, Hemorragic cystitis (treat with Mesna)

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5
Q

Carboplatin

A

Atypical alkylator : Platinum : Thrombocytopenia

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6
Q

Oxaliplatin

A

Atypical alkylator : Platinum : Cold sensitivity

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7
Q

Antimetabolites

A

Cellular compound mimicry inhibits DNA replication and repair. S phase specific : Methotrexate, Fluorouracil, Capecitabine, Cytarabine, Mercaptopurine

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8
Q

Methotrexate

A

Antimetabolite : Folate antagonist : Myelosupression : >100mg/m2 is a high dose : Cells “rescued” at 24 hours : Inhibition of DHFR

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9
Q

Fluorouracil

A

Antimetabolite : Pyrimidine analogue : Dose limiting toxicity with myelosupression and GI distress : Used with leucovorin

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10
Q

Capecitabine

A

Antimetabolite : Pyrimidine analogue : Hand-foot syndrome : Fluorouracil prodrug

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11
Q

Mercaptopurine

A

Antimetabolite : Purine antagonist

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12
Q

Cytarabine

A

Antimetabolite : Pyrimidine antagonist : CEREBELLAR TOXICITY, Conjunctivitis

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13
Q

Nitrosoureas

A

Atypical alkylator related to mustard gas

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14
Q

Microtubule Agents

A

Microtubule destruction (duh) in the M phase : Vincristine, vinblastine, Vinorelbine, Paclitaxel, Docetaxel : DO NOT GIVE INTRATHECALLY

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15
Q

Vinblastine

A

Microtubule agent : cumulative neurotoxicities, high myelosupression

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16
Q

Vincristine

A

Microtubule agent : cumulative neurotoxicities, moderate myelosupression : max 2mg dose

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17
Q

Paclitaxel

A

Microtubule agent : Myelosupression, peripheral neuropathies, hypersensitivity rxn to diluent

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18
Q

Docetaxel

A

Microtubule agent : Myelosupression, peripheral neuropathies, hypersensitivity rxn to diluent

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19
Q

Topoisomerase I Agents

A

Inhibit the enzyme responsible for relaxing supercoiled DNA : Topotecan, Irinotecan

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20
Q

Topoisomerase II Agents

A

Inhibit the enzyme responsible for recoiling DNA after transcription

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21
Q

Topotecan

A

Topoisomerase I Agents : Myelosupression

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22
Q

Irinotecan

A

Topoisomerase I Agent : Myelosupression, Diarrhea (i ran to the can) treat with atropine (early) or loperamide (late)

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23
Q

Etoposide

A

Topoisomerase II Agent : can cause hypertension

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24
Q

Teniposide

A

Topoisomerase II Agent : Myelosupression, mucositis

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25
Anthracyclines
Intercalate DNA and inhibit topoisomerase. Can also cause free radical damage and alkylation : Doxorubicin, Daunorubicin, Idarubicin
26
Doxorubicin
Anthracycline : Myelosupression, Mucositis, Extravasation, CARDIAC TOXICITY
27
Daunorubicin
Anthracycline : Myelosupression, Mucositis, Extravasation, CARDIAC TOXICITY
28
Idarubicin
Anthracycline : Myelosupression, Mucositis, Extravasation, CARDIAC TOXICITY
29
Differentiation Agents
Promote maturation of arrested cell line. : ATRA, Arsenic Trioxide
30
ATRA
Differentiation agent : Atra sydrome (WBC elevated, fevers, pulm edema)
31
Arsenic Trioxide
Differentiation agent : APL, Cardiotoxicity
32
Chemotheraputic Antibiotics
Dactinomycin, Mitomycin, Bleomycin
33
L-asparaginase
Enzyme depletes aspartic acid : look for pancreatitis and DIC
34
Bleomycin
Chemotheraputic Antibiotic : Causes pneumonitis & fibrosis. This occurs due to low levels of hydrolase enzymes in the lung leading to edema, collagen buildup and cytokine release.
35
Bortezomib
Proteasome inhibitor : causes fatigue, weakness, neuropathy, and thrombocytopenia : mechanism is preventing protein degradation disrupting growth
36
Carfilzomib
Treatment for Bortezomib refractory disease
37
Immunomodulating Agents
Antiangiogenesis and prevention of cell adhesion (ICAM, VCAM) : Thalidomide, Lenalidomide
38
Thalidomide
Immunomodulating Agent : Toxicities include neuropathy, thromboembolism, constipation
39
Lenalidomide
Immunomodulating Agent : Toxicities include neuropathy, thromboembolism
40
Interferon / Interlukin 2
Modulation of immune system : Flu-like symptoms and depression/ psych symptoms
41
Anti-Estrogens
Breast Cancer : Tamoxifen, Fulvestant
42
Aromatase Inhibitor
Breast Cancer : Anastrozole, Letrozole, Exemestane
43
Antiandrogens
Prostate Cancer : Flutamide, Bicalutamide, Nilutamide
44
LHRH Agonists
Prostate Cancer : Leuprolide, Goserelin
45
GnRH Antagonist
Prostate Cancer : Degarelix
46
CYP17 Inhibitor
Prostate Cancer : Abiraterone (androgen synthesis inhibition)
47
Monoclonal Antibody Characterization
100% Mouse : Murine : onab 33% Mouse : Chimeric : imab 10% Mouse : Humanized : umab 0% Mouse : Human : mumab
48
Rituximab
Lymphoma : target CD20
49
Trastuzumab
Breast Cancer : target Her-2
50
Cetuximab
Solid Tumor : target EGFR : toxicity anceiform rash (good prognosis) and hypersensitivity rxns
51
Bevacizumab
Solid Tumor : target VEGF : toxicity proteinuria, GI
52
Imatinib Mesylate
Protein kinase inhibitor of BCR-ABL : Used for CML : aka Gleevec
53
Zofran / Ondansetron
Serotonin antagonist that blocks 5HT3 receptors. Prevents ACUTE Nausea & vomiting
54
Dexamethasone
Corticosteroid for DELAYED nausea and vomiting
55
Aprepitant/ Emend
Neurokinin 1 (NK1) antagonist for DELAYED nausea and vomiting
56
CINV High risk treatment
Pre: Nk1, serotonin, steroid Post: steroid, NK1
57
CINV Moderate Risk treatment
Pre: Serotonin, steroid Post: steroid
58
CINV Low Risk Treatment
Pre: Steroid Post: N/A
59
Sargramostim (GM-CSF)
WBC stimulator w/ daily injection
60
Filgrastim (G-CSF)
WBC stimulator w/ daily injection
61
Pegfilgrastim
WBC stimulator w/ CYCLE injection
62
CSF treatment guideline
>20% risk of febrile neutropenia
63
Contraindications to ESA therapy
Intent to cure, active chemo treatment
64
CNS drug concerns
Cytarabine
65
PNS drug concerns
Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Vinca, Taxanes (micotubule agents)
66
ANS drug concerns
Cisplatin, Vinca
67
Cardiac drug concerns
Anthracyclines, treat with Dexrazoxane
68
Renal Toxicity
Cisplatin, IL2, HD Methotrexate, Mitomycin, Nitrosoureas
69
Hemmorrhagic Cystitis
Ifosfamide, Cyclophoshamide
70
Methotrexate (x2)
Folate antagonist, metabolized and excreted in the kidney, rescue with leucovorin, look for third spacing
71
6-MP
Therapy for ALL, metabolized by TPMT, look for TPMT deficiency

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