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Rapid Review for CBSE/Step 1 > Oncogenes/Tumor Supressor Genes > Flashcards

Oncogenes/Tumor Supressor Genes Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

What 2 genes is associated with Lung Adenocarcinoma?

A

ALK and EGFR (ERBB1)

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2
Q

Name the 4 genes that have gene products of receptor tyrosine kinases.

A
  1. ALK
  2. EGFR
  3. HER2
  4. RET (REcepetor Tyrosine kinase)
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3
Q

BCR-ABL is associated with what two neoplasms?

A
  1. CML
  2. ALL
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4
Q

What gene is associated with Myeloproliferative neoplasms?

A

JAK2

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5
Q

Between proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes-which one needs a two hit to express the disease?

A

Tumor suppressor genes

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6
Q

BRAF is associated with what neoplasms? (5)

A
  1. Melanoma
  2. Non-hodgkin’s lymphoma
  3. Colorectal carcinoma
  4. Papillary thyroid carcinoma
  5. Hairy cell Leukemia
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7
Q

What oncogene is a serine/threonine kinase gene product?

A

BRAF

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8
Q

What are the two transcription factor oncogenes?

A
  1. MYCC (c-myc)-Burkitt lymphoma
  2. MYCN (n-myc)-Neuroblastoma
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9
Q

What are the 2 associated neoplasms for c-kit?

A

Gastorintestinal Stromal tumor (GIST), mastocytosis

CytoKIne Receptor (CD117)

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10
Q

What neoplasms are associated with KRAS? (4 major categories)

A
  1. Pancreatic
  2. Colorectal
  3. Lung
  4. Endometrial
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11
Q
A
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12
Q

What are tumor suppressor genes?

A

Genes that regulate cell growth and division, preventing uncontrolled cell proliferation.

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13
Q

Which gene is commonly associated with familial breast and ovarian cancer?

A

BRCA1

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14
Q

True or False: Tumor suppressor genes promote cell division.

A

False

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15
Q

Fill in the blank: The gene _____ is known as the ‘guardian of the genome’.

A

TP53

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16
Q

What is the primary function of the TP53 gene product?

A

To regulate the cell cycle and prevent tumor formation.

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17
Q

Which condition is associated with mutations in the RB1 gene?

A

Retinoblastoma

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18
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a tumor suppressor gene? A) APC B) BRCA2 C) MYC

A

C) MYC

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19
Q

What is the role of the APC gene?

A

To regulate cell adhesion and control the Wnt signaling pathway.

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20
Q

True or False: Mutations in tumor suppressor genes can lead to cancer.

A

True

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21
Q

What is the consequence of a mutated PTEN gene?

A

Increased cell survival and proliferation, leading to various cancers.

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22
Q

Which tumor suppressor gene is frequently mutated in colorectal cancer?

A

APC

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23
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ gene is involved in DNA repair and is linked to Lynch syndrome.

24
Q

What is the primary function of the NF1 gene?

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A

To regulate cell growth by inhibiting the RAS signaling pathway.

25
Which condition is associated with mutations in the NF2 gene?
Neurofibromatosis type 2
26
Multiple Choice: Which of the following genes is a tumor suppressor? A) RAS B) BRCA1 C) MYC
B) BRCA1
27
True or False: Tumor suppressor genes can be inherited in a dominant manner.
True
28
What is the role of the VHL gene?
To regulate cell growth and apoptosis, commonly associated with von Hippel-Lindau syndrome.
29
Which tumor suppressor gene is linked to Li-Fraumeni syndrome?
TP53
30
Fill in the blank: The _____ gene is responsible for the regulation of the cell cycle and apoptosis.
TP53
31
What type of mutation often affects tumor suppressor genes?
Loss-of-function mutations
32
Which gene product is associated with the regulation of the Wnt signaling pathway?
APC
33
True or False: All tumor suppressor genes are involved in DNA repair.
False
34
What is the consequence of biallelic inactivation of tumor suppressor genes?
Increased risk of cancer development.
35
Which condition is associated with mutations in the CDKN2A gene?
Melanoma
36
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a function of tumor suppressor genes? A) DNA repair B) Cell cycle regulation C) Promoting apoptosis D) Enhancing cell growth
D) Enhancing cell growth
37
What is the main role of the DCC gene?
To control cell adhesion and migration.
38
Which gene is associated with Cowden syndrome?
PTEN
39
Fill in the blank: The _____ gene is involved in the regulation of apoptosis and is often mutated in various cancers.
TP53
40
What is the function of the STK11 gene?
To regulate cell metabolism and growth.
41
True or False: Tumor suppressor genes are often found mutated in sporadic cancers.
True
42
Which condition is linked to mutations in the MEN1 gene?
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1
43
Multiple Choice: Which gene is a well-known tumor suppressor involved in breast cancer? A) BRCA1 B) RAS C) MYC
A) BRCA1
44
What is the primary role of the SMAD4 gene?
To mediate TGF-beta signaling and regulate cell growth.
45
Fill in the blank: The _____ gene is crucial in the regulation of the cell cycle and is often mutated in pancreatic cancer.
CDKN2A
46
What is the relationship between tumor suppressor genes and apoptosis?
Tumor suppressor genes often promote apoptosis to eliminate damaged cells.
47
Which tumor suppressor gene is frequently associated with endometrial cancer?
PTEN
48
True or False: Tumor suppressor genes function in a dominant manner.
False
49
What is the function of the RB1 gene product?
To regulate the cell cycle by inhibiting transition from G1 to S phase.
50
Which condition is associated with mutations in the TSC1 or TSC2 genes?
Tuberous sclerosis
51
Multiple Choice: Which gene is involved in familial adenomatous polyposis? A) APC B) BRCA2 C) TP53
A) APC
52
Fill in the blank: The _____ gene is involved in the regulation of the RAS signaling pathway.
NF1
53
What is the primary consequence of a loss-of-function mutation in a tumor suppressor gene?
Increased risk of tumorigenesis.
54
Which gene is implicated in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome?
BRCA2
55
True or False: Tumor suppressor genes are always mutated in all types of cancers.
False

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