Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

First aid and emergency medicine > Oncological emergencies > Flashcards

Oncological emergencies Flashcards

(74 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is superior vena cava syndrome

A

Where superior vena cava is blocked, can’t drain head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what type of cancer is in the brain mostly

A

it is mostly metasis from somwhere else

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of new pain in a cancer payment should be evaluated immediately

A

New onset back pain,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What increases DVT risk in those with ccancer

A

increase viscosity

indwelling cathater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

describe cancer pain in back ca

A

Pain may be localized or radicular
worse with percussion of spinus process**
worsened by movement , but unimproved with rest!
urinary or bowel incontinence cant pee
CAN NOT FIND RELIEF!
Lower extremity weakness
Worse with cough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which level of spine has the most risk of getting cancer from mets

A

Thorasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What should you think if somone is always constipated who suddenly move to watery diarrhea

A

That bowel obstruction is so great only diarrheah can get by

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Side effects from medications

A

Bowel issue

  • constipation, stasis,
  • Diarrhea - - watery diarrhea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Who should you worry about even without feverwhy bluning fever in cancer

A

Who knows, cytokines or receptors

elderly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what percent of bone cancer is thorasic

A

70%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What PE for bone exam, may you see

A 
Percussion of spinous process
Valsalva maneuver: may make worse
DTR:  may be increased
Lower symptom spasticity
Babinski sign positionve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cauda equina syndrome

A 
Subset of spinal cord compression
**** lower motor neuron presentation**
DTR deminished 
weak lower extemity
urinary retention/constipation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Imaging of spine
MRI
CT scan

A

Plain film: may miss para spinal lesions that a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what may plain film miss

A

para spinal leesion that are impinging upon neuronal foramina
intra-spinal turmor metasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is pathologic fracture

A

Fracture due to structural issue of bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Treatment of spinal cord compression

A

Steroid: limited use
Radiation: indicatated
- may be followed by chemo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

sx of brain cancer mets

Tumor, bleed

A

altered mental status: may precede by months
new onset HA or increased freq intensity**
visual field changes
focal neurolgical deficits
persistent neause and vomiting (projectile)
stroke sezures:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Focal neuroligical deficits

A

Weakness

diminished function or sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the most common type of tumor found in the brain

A

Mets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Drug problem, chemptherapy, because they are very tissue toxic

A
  • extravactions at Chemo IV place, indwelling catheter
    cool compresses.
    Get it checked out urgent care
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Nurological symtoms

A

IV steroids

don’t delay treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is a pertinent negative, on ha

A 
pain, 
visuality aquity changes:  use snellen etc
hx of HA
nausing or Vomiting
muscle testing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what does vomitiong for HA brain pressure cause

A

Projectile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Concern with new onset seizures

A

space occupying leasions untill proven otherwize, unless there is some other obvious reasion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what is found in about 30% of cancer patients
Brain mets
26
what are the most commin cancers that lead to brain mets
``` lung ca breast renal cell colon ca melanoma ```
27
what are frequenly given for mets to brain
IV steroids to diminish pressure
28
supervena cava syndrome or obstruction ususallly results from what
Direct obstruction by malignances | - compression of vellel wal by lung ca
29
Gamma knife:
used for brain tumor
30
What often causes superior vena cava syncrome
- right upper lobe tumors - thymoma - mediasinal lymphadenopathy - thrombosis around indwelling cathater
31
what is the most common cause of supervena cava syndrome
Brochogenic carcinoma
32
what does superior vena cava look light
``` halmark: facial and neck swelling headache venous distention varicositys over chest wall SOB is most common sx followed by facial or arm swelling ```
33
Morning headaches high hematacritic apnea
Sleep apnea
34
anyone with a solid tissue tumor (esp pancreatic cancer) one can develoep
trussos effect veins pop up and come and go all over the body Trussoes sign of mal
35
what is trussoes signe of malignancy
Incerased thrombossis | causeing crazy vericose
36
Trussoes sign of hypocalcemia
crossing thumb over to pinky
37
Extream superior vena cava syndrom
cerebral edema altered conciousnes seizures airway obstruction
38
horners syndrome
PTossis lid drops anhydrosis: unilateral not myosis: pinpoint pupils
39
Becks triad***
For cardiac tamponade muffeled heart sound JVD Hypotension
40
why does hypotension happen in cardiac tamponade
decreased stroke volume
41
what does chest xr reveal for Cardiac tamponade
cardiomegaly | should be middle of spine to edge of chest wall max at very boddtom
42
what does ultrasound reveal: cardiac tamponade
pericardial effusion, restricted heart wall motion
43
how much fluid can be in the pericardial sack
>250CC
44
EKG of cardiac tambonaide
Electrical alterans : low vultage, lower T waves
45
Who gets cardiac tamponade
cancer patients | dyallisis
46
Electrical alterans
Patter of ever certain beat, QRS shorter
47
Febrile neutripenia
most common complications related to cancer treatment chemo | - 50% of deaths associated with leukemia, lymphomas and solid tumors
48
absolute neutropenia
what happens for
49
sx of febrile neutropenia
temp 101 or more,
50
what should happen for cancer patients who get fever risht after chemo
treatmetn until neutorphil count comes up.
51
Treatment od cardiac tamponade
``` Remove fluid Pericardiocentesis Place a windo in sack low dose radiation Sclerotic therapy ```
52
**Normal rance of calcemia
9-10.5 mg/dl
53
most common cause of hypercalcemia outpatient
hyperparathyroidism
54
effect of hypercalcemia
stones: renal bones: bone pains groans: abd pain, N/V thrones: constipation/polyuria psychiatric overtones: anxity, depression
55
what specificly raises calcium in cancer patients
bone lysis - mets breast or prostate cytokine production tumor production: PTH-rp
56
PTH-rH
``` tumore producing hormones PTHrP that causes body to react the same and increase Ca Bronchogenic carcinoma (lower than expected PTH) ```
57
prognosis of hypercalcemia with malignancy
``` grave prognosis, 1-2 mths of survival time increased lethargy, anorexia, nausea vomit como confusiton ```
58
hypercalcemia treatment
Saline infusion to correct the dehyration Iv Lasix t****o promote renal excretion of calcium Bisphophonates to block bone resorption. (alendronate)
59
what is the treatment of choice for hypercalcemia***
Lasix will promote renal excretion of calcium**
60
syndrome of inappropriate anti diruetic homone production | SIADH
Sodium is the electrolyte that is effected the most: | due to ectopic prodiction of anti-diruetic hormone ADH aka vassopressin
61
what is the most common cause of SIADH
lung cancer : small cell carcinoma of the lung
62
what is the electrolight effected most in siadh
sodiim will be really low, effected first. | Hyponatremia
63
What medication can cause SIADH
Hyponatemia: lithium can cause them, its a kidney issue
64
Tumor lysis syndrome when
in patient with large tumor burden that is sensitive to chemo and is dying off! worse in leukemia
65
risk factors for tumor lysis syndrmoe
Pre exhisting renal dysfunction: major risk factor
66
how can tumor lysis syndrome effect electrolytes
Hyper : uremia, kalemia, phosphatemia | high uric acid, K and phosphate
67
sx of tumor lysis syndromia
acute renal failure
68
how are risks of tumor lysis syndrome reduced
vigarous hydration before chemo urine allaline ization before chemo allopurinol
69
DVT classic pain
dull deep aching pain Ususally made worse by standing or walking or when the leg is in a dependend position
70
Risk factors of DVT
``` malignance elevated estrogen smokeing long sitting hx of DVT ```
71
Classic sign of DVT
swelling, tenderness and redness (may look like cellulitis) Palpable coard Homans sign: discomfor in calf behind knee
72
Pulmnary embolism
Anxiety sob chest pain pleuritic tachypnea
73
where does 2/3 of PE happen in
1/3 knkown vascular disease | 1/3 post operative
74
Not finnished
*

First aid and emergency medicine (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions