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Pediatrics Health Nursing > Oncology > Flashcards

Oncology Flashcards

(22 cards)

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1
Q

What is Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by?

A

Proliferation of abnormal cells called ‘Reed-Sternberg cells’ located in lymph nodes

Hodgkin lymphoma is a malignancy originating in the lymphoid system, primarily involving lymph nodes.

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2
Q

What is the origin of Hodgkin lymphoma?

A

Unicentric in origin, initiating in a single node

This malignancy can metastasize to adjacent lymph structures and non-lymphoid tissues.

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3
Q

What are common sites for metastasis in Hodgkin lymphoma?

A
  • Spleen
  • Liver
  • Bone marrow
  • Lungs
  • Mediastinum

These sites are involved when Hodgkin lymphoma metastasizes.

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4
Q

What are the two main types of lymphomas?

A
  • Hodgkin lymphoma
  • Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is more common in children.

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5
Q

How is the Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) calculated?

A

ANC = WBC * percentage of neutrophils * 10

This is used to measure the total number of neutrophils in the blood.

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6
Q

What is considered mild neutropenia?

A

1000-1500

Neutropenia is categorized based on the ANC value.

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7
Q

What is the initial phase of therapeutic management for leukemia?

A

Remission Induction

This phase lasts for 4 to 5 weeks and aims for the clinical disappearance of leukemic cells.

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8
Q

What is the goal of maintenance therapy in leukemia treatment?

A

To preserve remission and further reduce leukemic cells

Maintenance therapy often continues for 2 to 3 years.

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9
Q

What are common diagnostic tests for lymphomas?

A
  • Bone marrow aspiration
  • CT scan
  • PET scan
  • CBC

These tests help in diagnosing lymphomas and assessing the extent of disease.

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10
Q

What are the manifestations of Hodgkin lymphoma?

A
  • Painless enlargement of lymph nodes
  • Chest discomfort
  • Fever, chills, night sweats
  • Weight loss
  • Fatigue
  • Anemia

These symptoms can indicate the presence of Hodgkin lymphoma.

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11
Q

What are common causes of non-Hodgkin lymphoma?

A
  • Gene mutation
  • Family history
  • HIV
  • Immunosuppressive therapy
  • Congenital immunodeficiencies

These factors can increase the risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

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12
Q

What are the side effects of chemotherapy?

A
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Oral sores
  • Infections
  • Alopecia
  • Fatigue/weakness
  • Pain
  • Nutritional status (weight loss)

These side effects can significantly impact the quality of life for patients undergoing chemotherapy.

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13
Q

What are the classifications of leukemias based on cell type?

A
  • Acute: ALL, AML
  • Chronic: CLL, CML

Leukemia classification is based on the type of cells involved and the clinical course.

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14
Q

What is a port-a-cath?

A

A catheter that connects to a vein and has a septum for drug injection and blood sampling

It is surgically implanted under the skin for easier access.

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15
Q

What is a PICC line used for?

A

Chemotherapy, blood transfusions, parental nutrition

A PICC line is inserted through a peripheral vein and threaded into a large vein near the heart.

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16
Q

What is Superior Vena Cava Syndrome?

Study These Flashcards
A

A condition caused by space-occupying lesions in the chest leading to airway compromise

Symptoms include cyanosis, facial and upper extremity edema, and dyspnea.

17
Q

What are the hallmark metabolic abnormalities of Tumor Lysis Syndrome?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Hyperuricemia
  • Hypocalcemia
  • Hyperphosphatemia
  • Hyperkalemia

This life-threatening condition can occur due to malignancy and aggressive treatment modalities.

18
Q

What is the indication for bone marrow transplantation?

Study These Flashcards
A

Disease requiring high doses of chemotherapy or replacement of dysfunctional bone marrow

This procedure involves allogeneic or autologous transfusions.

19
Q

What is a common complication of bone marrow transplantation?

Study These Flashcards
A

Acute GVHD (Graft Versus Host Disease)

This complication can affect the skin, GI tract, and liver.

20
Q

What precautions should be taken when handling chemotherapeutic agents?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Obtain physician orders
  • Double-check drugs
  • Strict aseptic technique
  • Wear protective clothing
  • Dispose of contaminated equipment properly

These practices are essential to ensure safety for healthcare providers and patients.

21
Q

What are the side effects of radiation therapy?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Abdominal pain
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Anorexia
  • Diarrhea
  • Oral sores
  • Headache
  • Skin discoloration
  • Alopecia
  • Xerostomia

These side effects can significantly impact a patient’s health and well-being.

22
Q

What are potential causes of cancer?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Ionizing radiation exposure
  • Previous chemotherapy with alkylating agents
  • Occupational chemical exposure
  • Genetic factors
  • Viral infections

Understanding these causes can help in prevention and risk assessment.

Pediatrics Health Nursing (1 decks)

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