Oncology Flashcards
(235 cards)
1
Q
Symptoms of Hypercalcemia
A
- fatigue
- loss of appetite
- N&V
- constipation
- polyuria
- severe muscle weakness
- loss of DTRs
- paralytic ileus
- dehydration
- EKG changes
2
Q
time when bone marrow and WBC are at their lowest points varying with different chemo drugs
A
NADIR
3
Q
process during radiation therapy in which the cancer cell’s nucelus are rearranged causing a release of energy and eventually cell death or inability to divide
A
ionizing
4
Q
type of cancer treatment that modifies patient’s biological response to tumor cells and can result in life-threatening edema
A
Immunotherapy: Biological Response Modifiers (BRMs)
5
Q
percentage of actively dividing cells within a tumor (the higher the number, the faster the tumor growth)
A
Mitotic Index
6
Q
Treatment of SVC Syndrome
A
- high-dose radiation
- metal stent in vena cava
7
Q
common sites of melanoma cancer metasasis are:
A
GI tract & lymph nodes
8
Q
chemo given early in remission as an intent to cure leukemia
A
consolidation therapy
9
Q
occurs when chemo leaks out in the surrounding tissues of an IV site causing severe tissue damage, pain, and tissue loss
A
extravasation
10
Q
Medications given for Hormone Manipulation
A
- Androgen
- Estrogen
- Anti-androgens
- Anti-estrogens
11
Q
It takes bone marrow ___ to ___ weeks to recover after induction therapy.
A
2 - 3
12
Q
type of cancer surgical treatment in which cells are removed for biopsy
A
diagnostic surgery
13
Q
Signs of Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
A
- facial edema
- periorbital edema in the morning
- Stokes’ sign (edema in the neck)
- arm/hand edema
- Pemberton’s sign (facial flushing)
- dyspnea
- epitaxis (nose bleed)
l
14
Q
During TLS, _______ & _______ are released into the blood.
A
potassium & purines
15
Q
Causes of Hodgkins Lymphoma
A
- viral
- exposure to chemicals
- no identifiable cause
16
Q
type of cancer surgical treatment in which tissues are repaired (breast augmentation, bowel reattachment
A
reconstruction or rehabilitation
17
Q
cell death
A
apoptis
18
Q
Na+ level of <110 result in ______.
A
coma
19
Q
Someone with Bloom Sundrome is more likely to develop __________.
A
leukemia
20
Q
Men need yearly rectal exams after age ____.
A
50
21
Q
older CINV medication that has bad S/E
A
metoclopramide (Reglan)
22
Q
characteristic of a normal cell in which is stops growing if it comes in contact with another non-self cell
A
contact inhibition
23
Q
type of cancer surgical treatment in which a polyp is removed or a masectomy is done before breast cancer develops
A
prophylactic surgery
24
Q
Treatment for Spinal Cord Compression
A
- early recognition
- high-dose corticosteroids
- high-dose radiation
- surgery
- external back or neck brace
25
chemotherapy drug that resembles natural metabolites but disrupts metbolic processes and can inhibit synthesis
Antimetabolites
26
Antimitotic Agents (Plant Alkaloids) Drug
Vincristine
27
Symptoms of Lung Cancer
* **Cough - chronic that does not go away**
* Hoarseness
* Sputum
* Hemoptysis
* Dyspnea
* Decreased endurance level
* Difficulty swallowing
28
After radiation, skin cannot be exposed to sun for \_\_\_\_\_.
1 year
29
patient with a history of prostate cancer complaining of low back pain should be evaluated for:
metastasis
30
Someone with Klinefelter Syndrome is more likely to develop \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
breast cancer
31
chemotherapy side effect caused by antimitotics and platinum-based drugs (Cysplatin) that consists of loss of sensation in hands, feet, genitalia, pain, loss of taste & constipation
Chemotherapy Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (CIPN)
32
type of leukemia with Philadelphia chromosome
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
33
Treatment for Extravasation
* Cold or warm compress
* Antidotes
* Chemoprotective agents
34
Dietary Habits to Reduce Cancer Risk:
* Avoid nitrites (bologna, hotdogs)
* Do not grill on charcoal
* Decrease fats
* Decrease red meat
* Decrease alcoholic drinks
* Increase bran (more whole grains)
* Increase cruciferous vegetables (broccoli, cabbage)
* Recommended Vit A & C
35
drug given to chemotherapy patients to stimulate bone marrow to produce RBC to prevent anemia
Epoetin alfa (Epogen, Procrit)
36
selective destruction of cancer cells via chemical reaction triggered by different types of laser light
Photodynamic Therapy (Laser)
37
For extravasation of Cisplatin & Mechlorethamine, recommended treatment is:
* Sodium Thiosulfate 1/6M
* 4 mL of 10% sodium thiosulfate + 6 mL water
* instilled via multiple injections in and around the area using a small gauge needle
38
Causes of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
* Unknown Cause
* Immunosuppressive disorders (HIV)
* H. Pylori (MALT)
* grows in GI system
* Epstein Barr virus
39
intense combo of chemo given to achieve rapid & complete remission
Induction Therapy
40
chracteristic of a normal cell in which the nucleus does not occupy much space within a cell
nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio
41
cancer of the lymph tissue due to abnormal growth of leukocytes and lymphocytes
malignant lymphomas
42
abnormal growth of cell not needed for normal function
neoplasia
43
TLS is most common ____ to ____ hours after first dose of chemo.
24-48
44
chemotherapy drug that stops mitosis of the cells
Antimitotic Agents (Plant Alkaloids)
45
Inherited types of cancer include:
breast, prostate, ovarian
46
Risk Factors for Lung Cancer:
* **SMOKING**
* Greater # of pack years= greater risk
* Second-hand smoke
* Family history
* Radiation to the chest or breast
* Asbestos, chromium, nickel, arsenic, soot or tar
* Radon
* Air pollution
* Beta carotene supplements with heavy smoking
* HIV
47
classification of primary tumor indicating the tumor's size and/or local extent of the tumor
T1 - T4
48
type of cancer treatment that locally destroys cancer cells with minimal damage to surrounding normal cells
Radiation Therapy
49
syndrome in which a lung cancer tumor envelops the superior vena cava and cuts off blood supply
Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
50
Antitumor Antibodies can cause cardiac toxicity so __________ is also given to protect against that.
Dexrazoxane (Zinecard)
51
Etoposide (VePesid) interacts with ________ so it should be avoided for 2 days prior to and after dose.
grapefruit juice
52
common sites of breast cancer metasasis are:
**bone, lung,** & liver
53
radiation therapy isotopes that cause patient to emit radiation but do not pass into urine, stool or bodily fluid (i.e. implants for cervical or prostate cancer)
sealed isotopes
54
CINV drug that is used for anticapatory N&V because it calms the nerves
lorazepam (Ativan)
55
chemotherapy drug that interferes with DNA synthesis causing mutant cell DNA resulting in cell death
Antitumor Antibodies
56
Secondary Prevention for Cancer includes:
* Regular screening
* Genetic screening
* Altering damaged genes
57
sensitivity to light after phtodynamic therapy lasts for up to ___ weeks
12
58
Early DIC is treated with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
heparin
59
chemotherapy side effect associated with high dose therapy consisting of memory loss & loss of concentration
"Chemobrain"
60
type of lung cancer that makes up 10 - 15% of all lung cancers
Small Cell Carcinoma
61
stages of lung cancer in which the cancer is still only in the lungs
Stage 0 - II
62
Treatment for Hypercalcemia
* oral hydration
* IV fluids (NS)
* calcitonin (temporary)
* glucocorticoids (temporary)
* dialysis
63
Treatment of Lung Cancer includes:
* Surgical resection
* Chemotherapy
* Targeted therapy
* Radiation therapy
* Photodynamic therapy
64
type of cancer surgical treatment in which the tumor is debulked (i.e. ovarian cancer)
control surgery
65
Interventions for Stomatitis
* Frequent oral assessment & hygiene
* Avoid alcohol mouthwash
* Clean toothbrushes in dishwasher
* Viscous Lidocaine
66
Colonoscopies are recommended every 10 years after age \_\_\_.
50
67
To allow for greater destruction of the cancer cells, radiation is usually given in _______ doses.
divided
68
normal part of human cells that are turned on and off by different substances but carcinogens can turn on and never turn off
oncogenes
69
Someone with Turner's Syndrome is more likely to develop ___________ or \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
leukemia or colorectal cancer
70
uncontrolled production of immature, non-functioning WBC with CBC showing very high WBC count and bone marrow containing abnormal chromosomes
leukemia
71
Injury Prevention Measures for CIPN
* Protect body areas where neuropathy has occurred
* Make sure shoes are big enough
* Buy shoes in afternoon/evening to account for swelling
* Do not wear new shoes for longer than 2 hours at a time
* Avoid point-toe shoes or high-heel shoes
* Inspect feet daily
* Avoid extreme temperatures
* Test water temperature w/ thermometer
* Use potholders when cooking
* Use gloves when washing dishes or gardening
* Do not eat steaming hot foods
* Drink 2-3 L of non-alcoholic fluids/day
* Rise slowly from seated position
* Look at feet & ground to avoid tripping
* Avoid area rugs
* Use handrails when going up or down steps
72
Primary Prevention of Cancer includes:
* Avoidance of carcinogens
* Modification of associated factors
* Removal of "at-risk" tissues
* Chemoprevention
* Vaccination
73
type of lung cancer that makes up 85 - 90 % of all lung cancers caused by smoking & high number of pack years
Non-small Cell Carcinoma
74
platelets \< 50,000/ mm3
patient at high risk for bleeding
75
What medication is given to chemotherapy patients to reduce risk of infection?
Filgastrim (Neupogen)
76
Celebrex/ aspirin reduces the risk of ___________ cancer.
colorectal
77
Risk Factors for Melanoma
* Sun exposure
* **Blistering sun burn as child = biggest risk factor**
* Moles
* The more moles, the more likely skin cancer is
* Skin type
* Fair, light hair, light eyes
* Personal history
* Weakened immune system
* HIV
* Family history
* First degree relative- 50% greater risk
* Male gender
78
A, B, C, D, E of Skin Cancer Lesions
**A**ssymetrical
**B**orders uneven
**C**olor (multiple)
**D**iameter \> 1/4 in
**E**volving
79
oncologic emergency in which water is reabsorbed to excess by the kidneys and put back into systemic circulation leading to extremely low Na+
Sydrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)
80
Side Effects of Antitumor Antibodies
* N/V
* Stomatitis
81
Chemotherapy drugs given for lung cancer:
* Etoposide
* Carboplatin (Taxol)
* Gemcitabine (Cisplatin)
82
For extravasation of Dactinomycin, Daunorubicin, Doxorubicin, Idarubicin, and Mitomycin, the recommended treatment is:
* Cold Compress
* applied immediately for 20 minutes
* then QID x 3 days
* Dimethyl sulfoxide 50-90%
* apply 1-2 mL to IV site QID x 14 days
83
Antimitotic Agents (Plant Alkaloids) are used for:
* Leukemia
* Hodgkin’s and Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
* Thyroid Cancer
* Ewing’s Sarcoma
84
platelets \< 30,000/ mm3
at high risk for spontaneous, uncontrollable bleeding
85
device that measures radiation that you come into contact with
dosimeter badge
86
characteristic of normal cell in which all the cells look alike
specific morphology
87
Side Effects of Chemotherapy
* Risk of Infection (Neutropenia)
* Anemia
* Thrombocytopenia
88
Chemotherapy dosage is based on \_\_\_\_\_\_.
weight
89
Alkylating Agent Drugs
* Cytoxan
* Cisplatin
90
Familial Clustering types of cancer include:
breast & melanoma
91
type of radiation used when the cancer is close to the skin's surface and can also be placed within a tumor
beta particles
92
drug given to chemotherapy patients to increase production of platelets to prevent thrombocytopenia with main S/E of fluid retention
Oprelvekin (Neumega)
93
TLS can lead to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
acute kidney injury
94
drug given in immunotherapy that enhances the immune system
Cytokines
95
the amount of time for a tumor to double in size
doubling time
96
The Seven Warning Signs of Cancer (C.A.U.T.I.O.N.)
* **C**hanges in bowel or bladder habits
* **A** sore that does not heal
* **U**nusual bleeding or discharge
* **T**hickening or lump in the breast or elsewhere
* **I**ndigestion or difficulty swallowing
* **O**bvious change in a wart or mole
* **N**agging cough or hoarseness
97
Side effects of Bevacizumab (Avastin)
* HTN
* impaired wound healing
* bone marrow suppression
98
Side Effects of Hormone Therapy
* masculinizing effects (women)
* gynecomastia (men)
* DVT
* Acne
* Hypercalcemia
* Liver dysfunction
* Bone loss
99
TLS is commonly seen in ______ cancer & \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
small cell lung; lymphoma
100
Symptoms of Hodgkins Lymphoma
* large, painless lymph node(s)
* lymph node growth after consumption of alcohol
* "B Symtpoms"
* fever
* night sweats
* weight loss
101
Subtypes of Non-small Cell Carcinoma
* pleomorphic
* carcinoid
* unclassified
102
Adverse Effects of Antitumor Antibodies
* Organ toxicity
* Pulmonary fibrosis
103
describes the exact location of the cancer, degree of metastasis (types= clinical, surgical, and pathologic)
Staging
104
type of radiation therapy delivered from radiation source inside the patient's body so that unsealed isotopes are eliminated in the urine and stool making the patient's waste radioactive
Brachytherapy
105
Oncologic Life-Threatening Emergencies
* Sepsis
* DIC
* SIADH
* Spinal Cord Compression
* Hypercalcemia
* SVC Synddrome
* TLS
106
most common acute leukemia in adults
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)
107
cancer treatment drug that inhibits the activation of tyosine kinases
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
108
For patients at risk for TLS, draw labs Q ____ hours on day 1 then Q ____ hours for several days.
6; 12
109
CINV medication (Serotonin Antagonist) that can be worn as a patch and blocks the vomiting trigger zone in the brain...main S/E is headache
odansetron (Zofran)
110
Late DIC is treated with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
clotting factors
111
Side Effects of Topoisomerase Inhibitors
* Myelosuppression
* Diarrhea
112
encapsulated tumor cells with specific differentiated functions and normal number of chromosomes that look like the parent cells that do not migrate and only expand hyperplastically
benign tumor cells
113
Antimetabolites are used for:
* Acute Leukemia
* Breast Cancer
* Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
114
increase in number of cells
hyperplasia
115
expansion of tumor cell without invading surrounding tissue
hyperplastic expansion
116
chemotherapy drug that binds to the topoisomerase molecule blocking the ability to bind to DNA leading to cell death
Topoisomerase Inhibitors
117
classification of primary tumor meaning there is carcinoma in situ
TIS
118
greatest risk factor for developing cancer
age
119
side effect of chemo induction therapy
myelosuppression which leads to neutropenia and increased risk of infection
120
What rules out pneumonia when testing for lung cancer?
CXR
121
Prevention of TLS includes:
* Drink 3 - 5 L of water spread throughout the day
* Need UOP of \> 100 mL/hour
* Diuretics
* Allopurinol (if uric acid elevated)
* Kayexelate (if potassium elevated)
122
genetic trait in which hundred- thousands of polyps arise in the colon
Familial polyps
123
Side Effects of Antimetabolites
* N/V
* Alopecia
* Stomatitis
124
type of cancer treatment drug that blocks the epidermal growth factor from binding to cell surface receptor by binding to the growth factor of cells in response to the activation of HERP2 gene and prevents cancer cell division...used for ovarian & colon cancers
Epidermal Growth Factor/Receptor Inhibitor- **Trastuzamab (Herceptin)**
125
first step of cancer development in which oncogenes are over-expressed due to carcinogens (initiators) leading to excessive cell division
Initiation
126
SIADH is most common in ____ cancer.
lung
127
most common leukemia in adults \> 50 years old
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
128
type of radiation therapy delivered from outside source so patient is not radioactive after therapy
teletherapy
129
Topoisomerase Inhibitors can be given ___ or \_\_\_\_.
IV or PO
130
type of radiation that is used to penetrate deep tissues
gamma rays
131
Subtypes of Small Cell Carcinoma
* Oat cell
* Combined small cell
132
most common type of skin cancer that is most common on the head or neck that grows slowly and can return
basal cell
133
stage of lung cancer in which it has metastasized throughout the body
Stage IV
134
stage of lung cancer in which the cancer has spread to the diaphragm and/or chest wall
Stage III
135
In order to prevent melanoma, stay in the shade especially from ____ am to ___ pm.
11 am to 3 pm
136
Primary Prevention for Lung Cancer
* Tobacco Cessation
* Smoke-free environments
137
For extravasation of Etoposide, Paclitaxel, Teniposide, Vinvlastine, Vincristine, and Vinorelbine, recommended treatment is:
* Warm Compress
* applied immediately for 20 minutes
* then QID x 3 days
* Hyaluronidase
* 150 units into multiple sites using small gauge needle x 1 day
138
CINV medication (Neurokinin Receptor Antagonist) that is used for acute & delayed N&V given 1 hour prior to chemo, day 2, and day 3 of chemo...interferes w/ Coumadin & contraception
aprepitant (Emend)
139
classification of primary tumor meaning the tumor cannot be assessed
Tx
140
Formula for Pack Years
(packs/day) X (# of years)
141
Side Effects of Imatinib Mesylate (Gleevec)
* fluid retention
* electrolyte imbalances
* bone marrow suppression
142
any lymphoid cancer without a Reed-Sternberg cell that spreads easily and less orderly and cannot be easily treated with radiation
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
143
Tomoxofen reduces the risk of _______ cancer.
breast
144
patients on BRMs will be admitted to the \_\_\_\_
ICU
145
Treatment of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma includes:
* **Chemotherapy (#1)**
* Monoclonal antibodies
* Radiation (if it’s in one area)
* Stem cell transplant (if all else fails)
146
Symptoms of Hodgkins Lymphoma
* Generalized lymphadenopathy
* swollen lymph nodes all over the body
* "B Symtpoms"
* fever
* night sweats
* weight loss
147
third step of cancer development in which the cell changes over time and the tumor grows to at least 1 cm and vascularizes which makes it much easier to spread
Progression
148
Antitumor Antibodies are used for:
* Leukemia
* Wilm’s tumor
149
principle that states the intensity of radiation decreases with the distance from the radiation-emitting source
Inverse Square Law
150
type of therapy in which laser is directed towards cancer cells
Photodynamic Therapy
151
type of cancer treatment drug that binds to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) preventing binding with receptors on endothelial cell surfaces present in blood vessels and keeps tumors from developing vascular systems (preventing metastasis)
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibitors- **Bevacizumab (Avastin)**
152
With Epidural Growth Factor Inhibitors, a biopsy of the tumor is taken and if it's \_\_\_\_\_\_, Herceptin may be used.
HERP 2+
153
oncologic emergency that most occurs with bone metastasis in which calcium is released from the bone into blood stream
Hypercalcemia
154
Topoisomerase Inhibitors are used for:
* Testicular cancer
* Small cell lung cancer
155
bronchial washing fluid will contain _________ in lung cancer when it is pulled from the lungs
cancer cells
156
type of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor uses to treat Philadelphia chromosome & meyloid leukemia, metastatic GIST, & lymphoma given orally and well-tolerated that puts patients into remission
Imatinib Mesylate (Gleevec)
157
sealed isotopes are only radioactive if they are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
outside of the body
158
temporary loss of hair
alopecia
159
diagnostic test that can show if cancer has metastasized throughout the body
PET scan
160
Yearly mammograms are recommended after age \_\_\_\_
40
161
tissue ulceration in the mouth
stomatitis
162
average dose scheduling for chemotherapy
4 - 12 times every 3 - 4 weeks
163
the only drug approved for Stage IV Melanoma
•Lymphokine interlukin 2 (Prolukin)
164
type of skin cancer that appears on the face, ears, lips or hands and is deeper in the skin than basal cell
squamous cell
165
normal number of chromosomes in cells
23
166
**Best Practice for Care of Patient with Myelosuppression & Neutropenia**
* Private room
* Handwashing
* Room & Bathroom cleaned Q day
* Change wound dressings Q day
* Change IV tubing Q day
* Monitor WBC especially Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) Q day
* V/S Q 4 hours
* Inspect IV sites Q 4 hours
* Inspect mouth Q 8 hours
* Inspect skin/mucous membranes Q 8 hours
* Use dedicated equipment
* Limit healthcare personell in room
* Obtain specimens for culture
* Assist with coughing & deep breathing
* Limit visitors to healthy adults
* Use aseptic technique
* Avoid Foley
* No fresh flowers or plants in room
* Teach patient to avoid raw food, pepper, & paprika
167
General Disease-Related Consequences of Cancer
* Reduced immune and blood-producing function
* Altered GI structure and function
* Motor and sensory deficits
* Chronic/ acute pain
* Decreased respiratory function
* Reduced oxygenation
* Cachexia
168
diagnostic test that can reveal malignancy
cytology
169
teletherapy radiation in which a precise amount of high-dose radiation is given to precise area of the body
Sterotactic Body Radiotherapy
170
To prevent TLS, monitor \_\_\_\_\_, ______ levels & _____ levels.
CBC; BUN/creat; uric acid levels
171
BRCA2 on genetic testing means increased risk for:
* breast cancer in men
* leukemia
172
classification of primary tumor meaning there is no evidence of a primary tumor
T0
173
Percussion of cancer in the lung will be \_\_\_\_\_.
dull
174
Side Effects of Antimitotic Agents (Plant Alkaloids)
* Neurotoxicity
* Neuropathy
175
common sites of prostate cancer metasasis are:
**bone (spine/legs)**, pelvic nodes
176
In leukemia, CBC w/ Diff will show:
* Anemia
* Thrombocytopenia
* Abnormal WBC count
177
Someone with Down's Syndrome is more likely to develop \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
leukemia
178
second step of cancer development in which the tumor starts to form and growth is enhanced in the initiated cell promoted by insulin and estrogen and can last months to years
Promotion
179
Environmental Risk Factors for Leukemia:
Exposure to...
* Ionizing Radiation
* Chemicals (hair dye)
* Drugs (chemotherapy)
180
Precautions for Patient with Sealed Isotope Implants
* Private room and bath
* Radiation sign on door
* Keep door closed
* Nurses wear dosimeter badge
* Lead apron
* Limit visitors
* no pregnant women or children \< 16 years
* NEVER TOUCH RADIATION SOURCE
181
common sites of colorectal cancer metasasis are:
**liver** & lymph nodes
182
chemotherapy drug that disrupts DNA and RNA synthesis causing cell death
Alkylating Agents
183
Normal Cells Most Affected by Chemotherapy
* skin
* hair
* intestinal tissues
* spermatocytes
* blood-forming cells
184
Patient Teaching for Photdynamic Therapy
* Bring protective clothing & UV protection sunglasses
* Arrange for ride home
* Wrap body in sheet until in the house
* Cover windows
* Use low-watt light bulbs
* Drink plenty of fluids
* Slowly expose skin to sun light after 12 weeks
185
describes the cellular aspects of the cancer and compares the cancer cell w/ normal parent tissue
Grading System
186
chemo (can be PO) given just be to absolutely sure of remission for months to years after remission is achieved
Maintenance Therapy
187
In bone marrow aspiration, what will show type of leukemia a patient has?
protein markers on cell surface
188
Na+ level of 115-120 results in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
muscle cramps
189
step of cancer development in which the cancer cells break away from the primary tumor and colonize in remote areas of the body
Metastasis
190
Side Effects of Radiation
* Local skin changes and hair loss
* Altered taste sensations
* Fatigue
* Inflammatory response
191
In a patient with lung cancer, auscultation may reveal ______ heart tones.
muffled
192
Antitumor Antibody Drug
Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)
193
common sites of lung cancer metasasis are:
**brain** & bone
194
BRCA1 on genetic testing means increased risk for what type of cancers?
* breast
* ovarian
* fallopian tube
* pancreatic
* peritoneal
195
Tumor Lysis Syndrome means that ______ is working.
chemotherapy
196
In order to prevent melanoma, use a broad spectrum suncreen with SPF \> \_\_\_\_
15
30 if outside for extended time
197
common sites of primary brain cancer metasasis are:
central nervous system
198
most common leukemia in children
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)
199
Secondary Prevention for Lung Cancer
Screening via CT
200
describes tumor chromosomes as normal or abnormal (some cancers have their own chromosomes)
Ploidy
201
type of cancer surgical treatment in which the whole cancer is removed (i.e. skin cancer)
cure surgery
202
Check chemotherapy IV site \_\_\_\_\_.
hourly
203
Stage ___ or ___ Melanoma patients can enroll in experiemental treatments
III or IV
204
205
\_\_\_\_\_ must be worn during oral and IV chemotherapy administration because it can be absorbed through the skin
PPE
206
Chemo is often given through a ____ or \_\_\_\_\_.
port or central line
207
side effect of chemotherapy in which tissue ulceration occurs in the mucous membranes
mucositis
208
Antimetabolite Drug
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)
209
enlargement of a cell
hypertrophy
210
Leukemia has a poor prognosis if the CBC shows large number of ______ cells.
blast
211
the amount of radiation delivered to a tissue
exposure
212
Topoisomerase Inhibitor Drug
Etoposide (VePesid)
213
type of cancer surgical treatment in which a second surgery is performed to confirm the entire cancer was removed (common with ovarian cancer)
second-look surgery
214
type of cancer surgical treatment in which the tumor is debulked to relieve pain and improve quality of life
palliation
215
Apply ___ oz of sunscreen ____ minutes before going outside.
1 oz; 30 min
216
characteristic of normal cells in which they adhere to one another and are non-migratory
tight adherence
217
Adverse Reactions of Alkylating Agents
* SIADH
* Hemorrhagic cystitis (with Cytoxan only)
218
S/E of Interleukins & Interferon
* flu-like symptoms
* severe inflammatory reactions
* peripheral neuropathy
* rash
219
Treatment for Melanoma
* **Surgical resection (preferred method- high cure rate)**
* Chemotherapy
* DTIC- drug of choice
* Immunotherapy
* Lymphokine interlukin 2 (Prolukin)
* Interferon Alpha 2B (many S/E, not first choice)
* Gene therapy
* Clinical trials
* Chemical peeling
* Laser therapy
* Photodynamic therapy
* Radiation therapy
220
Yearly breast exams are recommended after age \_\_\_\_
40
221
Treatment for Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Radiation of lymph nodes
222
Drugs used to treat Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea & Vomiting (CINV)
* Odansetron (Zofran)
* Aprepitant (Emend)
* Dexamethasone (Decadron)
* Metoclopramide (Reglan)
* Lorazepam (Ativan)
223
Breast exams are recommended every 3 years for ages ____ to \_\_\_\_
20-39
224
cell duplication
mitosis
225
radiation therapy isotopes that pose the risk of exposure if not handled properly
unsealed isotopes
226
tumor cells with abnormal number of chromosomes that lose characteristic of the parent cell with a large nucleus and no function with loose adherence and no apoptosis or contact inhibition
malignant tumor cells
227
After radiation, patients can no longer make \_\_\_\_\_.
saliva
228
amount of radiation received and absorbed by the tissue
radiation dose
229
type of lymphoma occurring mostly in teens/ young adults and adults in 50s & 60s that involves a single or chain of lymph nodes or Reed-Sternberg cells
Hodgkin's Lymphoma
230
stage of lung cancer in which the tumor is hidden or there is no obvious tumor seen
occult stage
231
Diagnostic Tests for Lung Cancer include:
* Chest x-ray
* CT
* Bronchoscopy
* Bronchial washing
* Thorascoscopy
* Fine Needle aspiration
* Cytology
* PET scan
232
Alkylating Agents are used for:
* Leukemia
* Lymphoma
233
cut in the chest wall between the ribs to aspirate cells from the lungs
thorascosopy
234
process by which hormone medications are given to decrease the amount of hormones required by the tumors to grow to slow the growth of the cancer
Hormone Manipulation
235
oncologic emergency in which large numbers of tumor cells are destroyed rapidly resulting in intracellular contents being released into blood stream fater than the kidneys can eliminate them
Tumor Lysis Syndrome
