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Peds Exam 1 (Lauren) > Oncology 🐻 > Flashcards

Oncology 🐻 Flashcards

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1
Q

What will you see on x ray of osteosarcoma?

A

Destruction of normal trabecular pattern and irregular margins

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2
Q

What is tumor lysis syndrome?

A

Massive tumor cell lysis causing:

HYPERkalemia

Hyperuricemia

Hyperphosphatemia

Acute renal failure

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3
Q

How do you diagnose Hodgkin lymphoma?

A

Tissue biopsy showing Reed-Sternberg cells

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4
Q

What marker is often elevated when someone has a hepatic tumor and will decrease when treatment is working?

A

Serum α-fetoprotein

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5
Q

Do retinoblastomas metastasize?

A

Not often, but when they do you die within one year

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6
Q

True or false:

Most liver masses found in childhood are malignant

A

True

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7
Q

Which is more common in ALL: B cell or T cell precursor lineage

A

B cell precursor lineage (85%)********

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8
Q

What’s the big deal if you have too many WBCs?

A

Hyperleukocytosis (>75,000) is an emergency because it can cause life threatening complications

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9
Q

How do you diagnose retinoblastoma?

A

A detailed ophthalmologic exam under anesthesia.

If you find a chalky, white retinal mass with soft friable consistency, you’ve diagnosed it

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10
Q

What are some of the predisposing factors for AML?

A

Down syndrome

Neurofibromatosis

Environmental exposures: radiation, benzene, previous chemo

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11
Q

What is the most common abdominal tumor?

A

Neuroblastoma

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12
Q

Is rhabdomyosarcoma a common cancer?

A

No

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13
Q

Your Hodgkin lymphoma patient starts having dyspnea, cough, orthopnea, and facial and arm edema. What do you suspect?

A

Superior vena cava syndrome

That mediastinal mass is smooshing the SVC

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14
Q

What are the clinical findings of nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor)

A

Asymptomatic abdominal mass that is smooth, firm, well demarcated, and RARELY crosses midline**

Fever, hematuria, HTN (kidney tumor duh)

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15
Q

What causes ALL?

A

Uncontrolled proliferation of immature lymphocytes

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16
Q

Which two leukemias are associated with Down syndrome?

A

ALL

AML
**

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17
Q

What are the 2 types of brain tumors?

A

Glial tumors

Nonglial tumors

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18
Q

What is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in childhood?

A

Rhabdomyosarcoma

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19
Q

Who does better with NON-Hodgkin lymphoma: children or adults?

A

Adults

In children, Non Hodgkin lymphomas are rapidly proliferating, high grade malignancies

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20
Q

What is the clinical presentation of ALL?

A

BONE PAIN- esp in pelvis, vertebrae, legs (may refuse to walk)

Bleeding- petechiae, pallor

Intermittent fever, fatigue

Hepatosplenomegaly

Lymphadenopathy

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21
Q

What will you see on a peripheral smear AND bone marrow biopsy of ALL?

A

Lymphoblasts

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22
Q

Who is most likely to get Ewing sarcoma?

A

White teenage boys

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23
Q

Is retinoblastoma ever Bilateral?

A

Yes 20-30% of the time.

May cause blindness

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24
Q

What is the usual presenting symptom of hepatic tumors?

A

Enlarging abdomen

10% of them are found on routine exam

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25
Which bones are most often affected by Ewing sarcoma?
Shafts of long bones Usually in extremities and pelvis
26
ALL vs AML. Which one has circulating lymphoblasts vs circulating myeloblasts
ALL= circulating lymphoblasts AML= circulating myeloblasts (w auer rods too)
27
What will you see in a peripheral smear of CML?
Myeloid cells in all stages of maturation Increased basophils and blast cells Blast cells >20% in a blast crisis
28
What are Reed-Sternberg cells?
Germinal center B cells that have undergone a malignant transformation (Hodgkin lymphoma)
29
Which type of leukemia has the Philadelphia chromosome?
CML | Philadelphia chromosome is a translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22
30
Who is most likely to get osteosarcoma?
13-16 year old boys
31
What will you see in the urine of 90% of kids with neuroblastoma?
Catecholamines will be elevated (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine.....the most common primary site is the ADRENAL gland!!)
32
You work at family practice and you think your pediatric patient has cancer. Can you refer them to just any old oncologist?
NO, must send them to a ~pediatric~ oncologist Idk she made this weird distinction
33
What is the most common sign of retinoblastoma?
Leukocoria | Strabismus, nystagmus, and red inflamed eye are others
34
What is the most common primary site of a neuroblastoma?
Adrenal gland
35
What is the MOST COMMON malignancy of childhood?
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
36
What will you see on the peripheral smell of acute myeloid leukemia AML?
Circulating myeloblasts 20% or more Auer rods ******************************
37
What causes Superior vena cava syndrome?
A ~mediastinal mass~ like the one in HODGKIN LYMPHOMA smushing against the superior vena cava
38
What specific kind of cells are associated with Hodgkin lymphoma?
Reed-Sternberg cells**********
39
What the most common primary bone malignancy in pediatrics?
Osteosarcoma
40
Is there an association between Down syndrome and ALL?
Yes
41
What will you see on the CBC of someone with AML?
SHITLOADS of WBCs 20% of patients have WBC>100,000 at diagnosis
42
How do you diagnose AML?
Bone marrow biopsy with 20% or more blasts that are of myeloid origin
43
Is CML common in childhood?
No
44
What is the difference between the abdominal tumors in neuroblastoma vs nephroblastoma?
Neuroblastoma: firm, fixed, irregular shape that usually extends beyond midline Nephroblastoma: smooth, firm, well demarcated and rarely crosses midline
45
Which parts of the body are most commonly affected by rhabdomyosarcoma?
Head and neck
46
What is leukocoria?
White pupillary reflex under age 2
47
A 15 year old boy comes in with pain above his knee and he says it’s keeping him from skateboarding. What should you suspect?
Osteosarcoma *****most common in distal femur**
48
What is the clinical presentation of rhabdomyosarcoma?
Painless progressively enlarging mass***** Orbital rhabdo- eyes bulging out*** Bladder rhabdo- distended bladder**, hematuria, pelvic mass
49
What are the cardinal signs of a bone tumor?
Bone pain over involved area Mass formation +/- soft tissue involvement Fracture through area Antalgic gait (limping)
50
Who does better with brain tumors: children or adults?
Children
51
In children with nephroblastoma (Wilms Tumor), does it usually affect one or both kidneys
One
52
Is tumor lysis syndrome an emergency ?
YES
53
What is the second most common abdominal tumor in children?
Nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor)
54
Can you inherit retinoblastoma from your parent?
Yes
55
What kind of cancer has bone pain at NIGHT
Ewing sarcoma
56
What are the clinical manifestations of neuroblastoma?
Abdominal mass that is firm, fixed, irregularly shaped, and usually extends beyond midline******* Bone pain Fever, weight loss, irritability, abdominal pain
57
What kind of disorder is CML?
A myeloproliferative disorder. | Uncontrolled proliferation of mature and immature granulocytes
58
How do you treat CML?
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (only consistently curative intervention)
59
Who does better with Hodgkin lymphoma: children or adults?
CHILDREN****
60
What is the most common intraocular tumor in pediatrics?
Retinoblastoma
61
Does leukocoria ALWAYS mean it is retinoblastoma?
NO!!! There are several causes, don’t freak out the parents.
62
What is the most common solid neoplasm outside the CNS?
Neuroblastoma
63
When i say Painless cervical or supraclavicular lymphadenopathy, you say:
Hodgkin lymphoma
64
What should you think if your patient has bone pain that is worse at night?
Ewing sarcoma
65
When should you be most anticipating tumor lysis syndrome?
When you first start a cancer patient on chemo
66
What is the brain tumor TRIAD of presenting symptoms?
Morning headache Vomiting Papilledma (optic disc swelling due to high ICP)
67
What is the second most common primary bone tumor in pediatrics?
Ewing sarcoma
68
What should you do if you see leukocoria in a childd
Refer to ophtho
69
What is the best diagnostic study for brain tumors?
MRI (takes 30 min)
70
What kinds of bones are affected by osteosarcoma?
LONG bones (metaphysis)************ Usually the distal femur
71
What is the most common SOLID tumor of childhood?
Brain tumors

Peds Exam 1 (Lauren) (4 decks)

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