Oncology Flashcards
(12 cards)
The annual age-adjusted cancer incidence rates among men and womern are decreasing for _____
Colorectal
Oropharynx
Lung
- Increasing rates
- melanoma of increasing
- cancers of the liver and thyroid
Hallmark of cancer
- Invade and metastasize
- ability to evade apoptosis
- ability to evade immune destruction
tumorigenic transformation of cells include which of the following
- Immortalization
- loss of contact inhibition
- poor adherence
- loss of anchorage
The cell cycle inciudes all the following phases
- 4 phhases
- S phase - the cell generates a single copy of its genetic material
- M phase
- G1
- G2
suggestive of a hereditary cancer
- Association with paraneoplastic syndrome
- Tumor development at a much younger age than usual
- Presence of bilateral disease
- Presence of multiple primary malignancies
- Presentationof a cancer in the less affected sex
- clustering of the same cancer type in relatives
- Occurence of cancer in association with other conditions such as mental retardation or pathognomonic skin lesion
Associated with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)
Osteomas
- benign extracolonic manifestationsthat may be useful in identiying new cases including
- congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium
- epidermoid cysts
- osteomas
- risk of upper intestinal neoplasms (gastric and duodenal polyps, duodenal and periampullary cancer)
- hepatobiliary tunors
- thyroid carcinomas, desmoid tumors, and medulloblastomas
Mutated gene malignant disease association
- RET and MEN2 syndrome
- TP53 and Li-fraumeni syndrome
- p16 and melanomas
- BRCA1 - breast and ovarian
Risk for invasive breast cancer development
Age at menarch <12
Age at first live birt >30
Biposy proven atypial hyperplasia
patients with >2 first degree relatives
Routine ongoing cancer screening is recommended for
Ovarian cancer
thyroid
testicular
lymph nodes
oral cavity
skin
Acceptable approaches to biospy includes
Fine needle aspiration
core needle aspiration
Incisional biopsy
Excisional biopsy
Anticancer chemotherapy agents
Alkylating agents
antitumor antibiotics
plant alkaloid
antimetabolites - cell cycle specific agents (S phase)
Approved strategies for cancer chemoprevention
Tamoxifen for breast cancer
celecoxib for FAB syndrome
13 cis retinoic acid for oral leukoplakia
