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Pharmacotherapy > Oncology I > Flashcards

Oncology I Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

Define doubling time

A

length of cell cycle

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2
Q

Define growth fraction

A

proportion of actively dividing cells

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3
Q

What is the cell-kill hypothesis?

A

A certain percentage of cancer cells will be killed with each course of chemo

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4
Q

*In which phase do non-specific agents work?

A

Equally in every part of cell cycle

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5
Q

*In which phase do Taxanes work?

A

Mitosis

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6
Q
  • What are the goals of chemotherapy?
A 
(Primary Goal)
-A cure based on clinical and pathological data
(Secondary Goals)
Prolong Survival
Improve quality of life and functional status
(Tertiary Goals)
Relieve symptoms
Palliation
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7
Q
  • What is the MOA of classic alkylating agents
A

CROSS-LINKS two DNA strands or between two bases in the same strand of DNA and INHIBITS DNA replication

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8
Q

What drug causes CNS toxicity?

A

Ifosfamide

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9
Q

What AE does Busulfan cause?

A

Pulmonary Fibrosis

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10
Q

*What drugs cause hemorrhagic cystitis?

A

Cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide

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11
Q
  • What is the MOA of platnium compounds?
A

MOA: CROSS LINKS and breaking of DNA strands; therefore INHIBITS DNA REPLICATION

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12
Q

What is a common AE of platinum compounds?

A

Nephrotoxicity (with Cisplatin)

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13
Q
  • What is the MOA of Vinca Alkaloids?
A

Inhibits microtubule assembly

aka spindle poisons

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14
Q

What drug has the AE of myelosupression?

A

Vinca Alkaloids

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15
Q
  • What is the MOA of Taxanes?
A

Stabilization of microtubules

aka spindle poisons

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16
Q

What are the AE of Taxanes?

A
  • Peripheral neuropathies & myalgias

- Mucositis

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17
Q

What taxane causes fluid retention?

A

Docetaxel

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18
Q
  • What is the MOA of antimetabolites?
A

Inhibits DNA, RNA, or protein synthesis (by acting as a purine or pyrimidine)

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19
Q
  • What phase of the cell cycle do antimetabolites work?
A

S phase

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20
Q

*What is the MOA of Fluorouracil (Adrucil, 5, FU)

A

Pyrimidine antimetabolite analog (acts as a false substrate preventing thymidine synthesis) and therefore inhibits DNA synthesis

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21
Q

*Which phase of the cell cycle do vinca alkaloids affect?

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A

M phase or late G2 phase

22
Q
  • What is the MOA of Leucovorin Calcium (LV)?
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A

Stabilizes the binding of 5-dUMP and thymidylate synthetase enhancing the activity of 5-FU (Chemotherapy modulating agent)

23
Q

How often is Capecitabine (Xeloda given)?

Study These Flashcards
A

2x day for 7-14 days

24
Q
  • What is the MOA of Capecitabine? (recheck)
Study These Flashcards
A

Causes abnormal absorption and secretion of fluids and electrolytes

25
* What is the MOA of methotrexate?
Folate antimetabolite; inhibits DNA synthesis by binding to dihydrofolate reductase, inhibiting the formation of reduced folates and thymidylate synthetase and leading to inhibition of purine and thymidylic acid synthesis
26
* How should Leucovorin Calcium be given?
In combination with 5-Fluorouracil for better efficacy
27
* What is an AE of irinotecan?
Sever diarrhea
28
Name 2 types of Topoisomerase II Inhibitors
Doxorubicin, daunorubicin
29
* What is the AE of etoposide?
Hypotension
30
Name 2 types of Topoisomerase II inhibitors
Etoposide and teniposide
31
* What is the MOA of Tamoxofien?
SERM; Binds to estrogen receptors on tumors and inhibits estrogen effects
32
What are the common AEs of SERMS?
Thrombotic events, Hot flashes, Nausea
33
* What is the MOA of Aromatase Inhibitors?
Blocks the conversion of androgens to estrogens in post-menopausal pts.
34
* What class of drug causes the AE of more osteoporosis?
Aromatase Inhibitors (such as Anastrozole (Arimidex®), letrozole (Femara®), exemestane (Aromasin®)
35
* What is the only estrogen receptor antagonist?
Fulvestrant (Faslodex)
36
* wHAT IS THE moa of Fluvestrant (Faslodex)
Estrogen Receptor Antagonist; binds to estrogen receptors on tumors and other tissue targets and leads to a dose-related down-regulation of estrogen receptors and inhibits tumor growth
37
* What is an AE of LHRH agonists?
Tumor flare reaction
38
* What is a representative of Antiandrogens
Estrogen Receptor Antagonist; binds to estrogen receptors on tumors and other tissue targets and leads to a dose-related down-regulation of estrogen receptors and inhibits tumor growth
39
* What is the MOA of Abiraterone (Zytiga)?
Inhibits androgen synthesis by inhibiting CYP17 (an enzyme required for androgen biosynthesis); CYP 17 is expressed in testicular, adrenal, and prostatic tumor tissues
40
* What are AE of Abiraterone (Zytiga)?
- Mineralocorticoid excess (MCE) [hypokalemia, HTN, fluid retention] - Adrenocortical insufficiency (ADI)
41
What is the MOA of Enzulatamide (Xtandil)
Pure androgen receptor inhibitor (no known agonistic properties); leads to cellular apoptosis and decreased prostate tumor volume
42
* What class of drugs are used to treat prostate cancer?
Antiandrogens | -Flutamide, bicalutamide (Casodex®), Nilutamide (Nilandron®)
43
What is the MOA of MAB?
Target the mechanism for cell growth and proliferation
44
What is an AE of MAB?
Hypersensitivity
45
* What is a representative drug of agents that target cell surface
Rituximab (Rituxan)
46
*What is the MOA of Trastuzumab (Herceptin)?
MAB that binds to HER2 receptor and down regulates these receptors on tumor cells
47
* What drugs cause the AE of acneiform rash?
Laatinib (Tykerb), Cetuximab (Erbitux), and Erlotinib (Tarceva)
48
What are some AE of Bevacizumab (Avastin)
Hematologic/hemorrhagiv, DVT, Interferes with wound healing
49
Name a representative drug of Anaplastic Lymphoma kinase (ALK)
Crizotinib (Xalkori)
50
* What is the MOA of Sipuleucel-T (ProvengeA)
stimulate active immunologic cellular responses against prostate cancer by autologous cellular immunotherapy
51
What requirements does a pt. have to have in order to use Sipuleucel-T (Provenge)
- Good performance status (ECOG score ≤2) - Estimated life expectancy > 6 months - No visceral disease (organ involvement) - No or minimal symptoms

Pharmacotherapy (3 decks)

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