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Pharm unit 4 > • Ondansetron > Flashcards

• Ondansetron Flashcards

Side Effects: • Prolonged QT interval → risk for dysrhythmias • Headache • Dizziness • Constipation Interventions: • Monitor ECG in patients with heart conditions. • Give 30 min before chemo or surgery. • Can be taken orally or IV. Contraindications: • Long QT syndrome • Use caution in electrolyte imbalances (K+, Mg2+). (98 cards)

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1
Q

What is Ondansetron used for?

A

Prevents nausea & vomiting (chemo, post-op, pregnancy)

Ondansetron is commonly used in various medical settings to manage nausea and vomiting.

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2
Q

What are the side effects of Ondansetron?

A
  • Prolonged QT interval
  • Headache
  • Dizziness
  • Constipation

Prolonged QT interval can lead to serious heart rhythm problems.

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3
Q

What interventions should be taken when administering Ondansetron?

A
  • Monitor ECG in patients with heart conditions
  • Give 30 min before chemo or surgery
  • Can be taken orally or IV

Timing and monitoring are crucial for patient safety.

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4
Q

What are the contraindications for Ondansetron?

A
  • Long QT syndrome
  • Caution in electrolyte imbalances (K+, Mg2+)

Electrolyte imbalances can exacerbate the risks associated with Ondansetron.

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5
Q

What does the mnemonic for Ondansetron indicate?

A

“ONdansetron turns the ON button OFF for N/V”

This helps remember its function in preventing nausea and vomiting.

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6
Q

What is Promethazine used to treat?

A

Nausea, motion sickness, and allergic reactions

Promethazine is widely used in various clinical settings.

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7
Q

What are the side effects of Promethazine?

A
  • Sedation (CNS depression)
  • Respiratory depression (especially in kids)
  • Hypotension
  • Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)

These side effects can significantly impact patient safety and treatment plans.

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8
Q

What interventions should be taken when administering Promethazine?

A
  • Do NOT give IV push
  • Monitor sedation & respiratory status
  • Avoid alcohol & driving

Proper administration and monitoring are essential to prevent complications.

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9
Q

Who should not be given Promethazine?

A
  • Kids <2 years
  • Glaucoma

These conditions increase the risk of serious side effects.

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10
Q

What does the mnemonic for Promethazine indicate?

A

“PROmethazine PROmotes sleep & stops nausea”

This highlights its sedative properties and anti-nausea effects.

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11
Q

What is the therapeutic use of Metoclopramide?

A

Increases GI motility, treats nausea & GERD

It is often used in gastrointestinal disorders.

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12
Q

What are the side effects of Metoclopramide?

A
  • Tardive dyskinesia
  • Drowsiness
  • Diarrhea

Tardive dyskinesia can be irreversible, making monitoring crucial.

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13
Q

What interventions should be taken when administering Metoclopramide?

A
  • Monitor for EPS symptoms
  • Give before meals & at bedtime
  • Avoid in Parkinson’s patients

Timing and patient history are important in administering this medication.

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14
Q

What are the contraindications for Metoclopramide?

A
  • GI obstruction/perforation
  • Parkinson’s disease
  • Seizure disorders

These conditions can worsen with Metoclopramide use.

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15
Q

What does the mnemonic for Metoclopramide indicate?

A

“METOclopramide = Moves Everything Through Out”

This highlights its role in promoting gastrointestinal motility.

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16
Q

What is Scopolamine used for?

A

Prevents motion sickness & post-op nausea

Scopolamine is often used in patients undergoing surgery or traveling.

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17
Q

What are the side effects of Scopolamine?

A
  • Dry mouth
  • Blurred vision
  • Drowsiness
  • Urinary retention

These side effects can affect daily activities and comfort.

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18
Q

What interventions should be taken when administering Scopolamine?

A
  • Apply patch behind ear 4 hrs before travel
  • Change patch every 3 days

Proper application is essential for effectiveness.

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19
Q

What are the contraindications for Scopolamine?

A
  • Glaucoma
  • Urinary retention/BPH

These conditions can lead to increased intraocular pressure or urinary complications.

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20
Q

What does the mnemonic for Scopolamine indicate?

A

“SCOPolamine = Sails on a cruise”

This emphasizes its use for motion sickness.

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21
Q

What is the therapeutic use of Amoxicillin?

A

Treats broad-spectrum infections, such as ear and throat infections, as well as urinary tract infections

Amoxicillin is a common antibiotic in clinical practice.

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22
Q

What are the side effects of Amoxicillin?

A
  • Gastrointestinal manifestations (diarrhea, nausea, vomiting)

Gastrointestinal side effects are common with many antibiotics.

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23
Q

What should clients be monitored for when taking Amoxicillin?

A

Gastrointestinal manifestations

Monitoring is necessary to manage side effects effectively.

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24
Q

What is Metronidazole used to treat?

A

Bacterial and protozoal infections

It is effective against infections like Clostridium difficile.

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25
What are the common adverse effects of Metronidazole?
* Gastrointestinal manifestations * Metallic taste * CNS manifestations (headache, vertigo) ## Footnote Monitoring for these effects is crucial for patient safety.
26
What interventions should be taken when administering Metronidazole?
* Give with food or milk * Monitor for severe GI and CNS manifestations ## Footnote Food can minimize gastric distress.
27
What are the contraindications for Metronidazole?
Seizure disorders ## Footnote This medication can exacerbate seizure activity.
28
What is the therapeutic use of Tetracycline?
Treats chlamydia, mycoplasmal infections, rickettsial infections, and syphilis ## Footnote Tetracycline is effective against a variety of bacterial infections.
29
What are the side effects of Tetracycline?
* Gastrointestinal manifestations * Hepatotoxicity ## Footnote Monitoring liver function is essential due to the risk of hepatotoxicity.
30
What should clients taking Tetracycline avoid?
Dairy foods ## Footnote Dairy can decrease the absorption of Tetracycline.
31
What is Omeprazole used to treat?
Gastric and duodenal ulcers; GERD; Zollinger-Ellison syndrome ## Footnote Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor commonly used for acid-related disorders.
32
What are the risks associated with long-term use of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)?
Increased risk for bone loss ## Footnote Long-term PPI use requires monitoring for bone health.
33
What side effects may occur with Omeprazole?
* Headaches * Abdominal pain * Nausea * Diarrhea ## Footnote These are common side effects of PPIs.
34
What interventions should be taken when administering Omeprazole?
* Perform weight-bearing exercises * Consume adequate calcium and vitamin D ## Footnote These lifestyle modifications help mitigate the risk of bone loss.
35
What are the contraindications for Omeprazole?
* Previous hypersensitivity to the medication * Concurrent use with rilpivirine ## Footnote These contraindications are important for patient safety.
36
What is Famotidine used to treat?
Gastric and duodenal ulcers, heartburn, dyspepsia, GERD ## Footnote Famotidine is an H2 antagonist.
37
What are the side effects of Famotidine?
* Headaches * Dizziness * Constipation * Diarrhea * Nausea ## Footnote Monitoring for these effects is essential for patient safety.
38
What is Sucralfate used to treat?
Peptic ulcers by forming a protective barrier over ulcers ## Footnote This promotes healing of ulcers.
39
What are the side effects of Sucralfate?
* Constipation * Dry mouth * Dizziness ## Footnote Patients should be monitored for these side effects.
40
What interventions should be taken when administering Sucralfate?
* Administer on an empty stomach * Avoid giving with antacids ## Footnote Proper administration timing enhances effectiveness.
41
What are the contraindications for Sucralfate?
* Hypersensitivity * Renal failure ## Footnote Renal failure is a concern due to aluminum content.
42
What does the mnemonic for Sucralfate indicate?
“SUCralfate SUCks up acid & sticks to ulcers” ## Footnote This highlights its protective role for ulcers.
43
What is Bismuth subsalicylate used to treat?
Diarrhea, indigestion, H. pylori infections ## Footnote It is commonly used for gastrointestinal relief.
44
What are the side effects of Bismuth subsalicylate?
* Black stools and tongue * Constipation * Salicylate toxicity ## Footnote Black stools can be alarming but are harmless.
45
What interventions should be taken when administering Bismuth subsalicylate?
* Avoid in children with viral infections * Educate about harmless black discoloration ## Footnote Proper education can prevent unnecessary alarm.
46
What are the contraindications for Bismuth subsalicylate?
* Allergy to aspirin/salicylates * Children with viral infections ## Footnote These conditions increase the risk of serious side effects.
47
What does the mnemonic for Bismuth subsalicylate indicate?
“BISMUTH = Black stools, Inhibits bacteria, Stomach relief” ## Footnote This summarizes its uses and effects.
48
What is Polyethylene glycol used for?
Osmotic laxative that draws water into the bowel ## Footnote It is effective in relieving constipation.
49
What are the side effects of Polyethylene glycol?
* Bloating * Nausea * Electrolyte imbalance ## Footnote Overuse can lead to significant electrolyte disturbances.
50
What interventions should be taken when administering Polyethylene glycol?
* Mix with 4-8 oz of fluid * Ensure adequate hydration ## Footnote Proper hydration is crucial for effectiveness.
51
What is Docusate used for?
Stool softener that makes bowel movements easier ## Footnote It is often used to prevent constipation.
52
What are the side effects of Docusate?
* Mild cramping * Diarrhea ## Footnote Monitoring for these effects is important for patient comfort.
53
What interventions should be taken when administering Docusate?
* Encourage increased fluid and fiber intake * Takes 1-3 days to work ## Footnote Patients should be informed about the timeline for effectiveness.
54
What is Bisacodyl used for?
Stimulant laxative that promotes bowel movements ## Footnote It is effective for acute constipation relief.
55
What are the side effects of Bisacodyl?
* Abdominal cramps * Electrolyte imbalance * Dependence with long-term use ## Footnote Long-term use can lead to significant complications.
56
What interventions should be taken when administering Bisacodyl?
* Do not crush enteric-coated tablets * Encourage short-term use only ## Footnote Proper administration is key to effectiveness and safety.
57
What is Ketorolac used for?
NSAID for short-term moderate-to-severe pain relief ## Footnote It is commonly used for postoperative pain.
58
What are the side effects of Ketorolac?
* GI bleeding * Renal impairment * Increased risk of cardiovascular events ## Footnote Monitoring is crucial to prevent serious complications.
59
What interventions should be taken when administering Ketorolac?
* Do not use for more than 5 days * Take with food ## Footnote These guidelines help prevent adverse effects.
60
What is Hydromorphone used for?
Opioid analgesic for severe pain ## Footnote It is often used in cancer pain management.
61
What are the side effects of Hydromorphone?
* Respiratory depression * Sedation * Hypotension * Constipation ## Footnote Monitoring vital signs is essential for safety.
62
What interventions should be taken when administering Hydromorphone?
* Monitor respiratory rate * Give slowly via IV ## Footnote Proper administration is critical to avoid respiratory complications.
63
What is Morphine used for?
Opioid agonist for moderate to severe pain ## Footnote It is a standard treatment for acute and chronic pain.
64
What are the side effects of Morphine?
* Respiratory depression * Sedation * Dizziness ## Footnote These side effects necessitate careful monitoring.
65
What should be done if a patient experiences respiratory depression from Morphine?
Administer Narcan ## Footnote Narcan is an opioid antagonist used in emergencies.
66
What is Liraglutide used for?
Weight loss medication ## Footnote It is often prescribed for obesity management.
67
What is Metformin used for?
First-line treatment for type 2 diabetes ## Footnote Metformin is effective in controlling blood glucose levels.
68
What are the side effects of Metformin?
* Nausea * Diarrhea * Metallic taste ## Footnote These side effects can impact patient adherence.
69
What should be monitored in patients taking Metformin?
* Vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiency * Signs of lactic acidosis ## Footnote Regular monitoring is crucial for long-term safety.
70
What are the contraindications for Metformin?
* Surgery or radiologic procedure with contrast medium * Renal dysfunction ## Footnote These conditions increase the risk of serious complications.
71
What do Sulfonylureas do?
Increase insulin production from the pancreas ## Footnote They are used to manage blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes.
72
What are the side effects of Sulfonylureas?
* Hypoglycemia * Nausea * Diarrhea ## Footnote Monitoring for hypoglycemia is critical for patient safety.
73
What should be done if a patient experiences hypoglycemia from Sulfonylureas?
Give D50W ## Footnote D50W is a concentrated glucose solution used in emergencies.
74
What do Meglitinides do?
Increase insulin production from the pancreas with a lower risk of hypoglycemia ## Footnote They are often taken just before meals.
75
What should be done if a patient skips a meal while on Meglitinides?
Skip the dose ## Footnote Timing is crucial for effectiveness.
76
What are Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors used for?
Slow down absorption of carbohydrates in the small intestine ## Footnote They help manage postprandial glucose levels.
77
What are common side effects of pancreas-related medications?
Hypoglycemia, nausea, vomiting ## Footnote These side effects can vary depending on the specific medication used.
78
What are manifestations of hypoglycemia?
Diaphoresis, tachycardia, fatigue, excessive hunger, tremors ## Footnote These symptoms can indicate low blood sugar levels in patients.
79
What should be given if a patient loses consciousness due to hypoglycemia?
D50W ## Footnote D50W is a concentrated form of glucose administered intravenously.
80
How often should glucose levels be checked in cases of hypoglycemia?
Every 15 to 20 minutes ## Footnote Frequent monitoring helps to ensure blood sugar levels return to normal.
81
When should alpha-glucosidase inhibitors be taken?
With the first bite of each meal ## Footnote This timing helps to effectively manage carbohydrate absorption.
82
What is the primary action of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors?
Slow down absorption of carbohydrates in the small intestine ## Footnote This helps in managing blood glucose levels post meals.
83
What is an example of an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor?
Acarbose (Precose) ## Footnote Another example is Miglitol (Glyset).
84
What are common gastrointestinal side effects of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors?
Distention, flatus, hyperactive bowel sounds, diarrhea ## Footnote These side effects can lead to significant discomfort.
85
What should be monitored to assess liver function when taking acarbose?
Liver enzymes ## Footnote Monitoring should begin at therapy initiation and continue every 3 months for the first year.
86
What condition can occur secondary to acarbose therapy?
Iron deficiency anemia ## Footnote This condition may require dietary adjustments or supplementation.
87
What are thiazolidinediones also known as?
Insulin sensitizers ## Footnote They improve insulin sensitivity in individuals with insulin resistance.
88
Name two examples of thiazolidinediones.
Pioglitazone (Actos), Rosiglitazone (Avandia) ## Footnote These medications are used to improve insulin sensitivity.
89
What is a significant risk associated with thiazolidinediones?
Fluid retention ## Footnote This side effect necessitates monitoring for signs of heart failure.
90
What should be monitored for patients taking glitazones?
Edema, weight gain, signs of heart failure ## Footnote These signs should be reported to the healthcare provider.
91
What do SGLT2 inhibitors do?
Block reabsorption of glucose by the kidney ## Footnote This increases urinary glucose excretion.
92
What are common side effects of SGLT2 inhibitors?
Increased risk for genital infections, increased urination, elevated cholesterol levels ## Footnote Monitoring for these side effects is important.
93
What should be monitored prior to starting SGLT2 inhibitors?
Fasting blood glucose levels, kidney function ## Footnote Regular monitoring is essential to ensure patient safety.
94
What is amylin?
A hormone secreted by beta cells in response to food intake ## Footnote It plays a role in glucose metabolism.
95
What is an example of an amylin analog?
Pramlintide (Symlin) ## Footnote It is used to manage blood glucose levels in diabetes.
96
What must be avoided when administering pramlintide?
Mixing it with insulin in the same syringe ## Footnote This is crucial for proper administration.
97
What should be expected regarding insulin dosages when starting amylin mimetics?
Insulin dosages should be reduced ## Footnote This adjustment is necessary until the client's response is determined.
98
How long can vials of pramlintide in use be kept at room temperature?
Up to 28 days ## Footnote Unopened vials should be refrigerated until their expiration date.

Pharm unit 4 (2 decks)

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