One Flashcards
(158 cards)
1
Q
Name 10 instruments
A
Stethoscope
Thermometer
Tympanic thermometer
Otoscope
Scissors
Forceps
Ophthalmoscope
Reflex hummer
Sphygmomanometer
Tuning fork
2
Q
Aerobe
A
Microorganism that needs oxygen to live and grow
3
Q
Aer/o
A
Air
4
Q
Anaerobe
A
A microorganism that grows best in the absence of oxygen 
5
Q
An-
A-
A
Without
6
Q
Anti-septic
A
An agent that inhibits the growth or kills microorganisms
7
Q
-septic
A
Infection
8
Q
Cilia
A
Slender, hair like projections that constantly beat toward the outside to remove the microorganisms from the body
9
Q
Hand hygiene
A
The process of cleansing or sanitizing the hands 
10
Q
Infection
A
The condition in which the body, or part of it, is invaded by a pathogen 
11
Q
Medical asepsis
A
Practises that are employed to inhibit the growth, and hinder the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms to prevent the spread of infection
12
Q
Microorganism
A
Microscopic plant or animal 
13
Q
Non-intact skin
A
Skin that has a break in the surface.
Examples are abrasions, cut, paper cuts, and burns.
14
Q
Non-pathogen
A
A microorganism that doesn’t normally produce disease
15
Q
Path/o
A
Disease
16
Q
-gen
A
Producing
17
Q
Opportunistic infection
A
Infection that results from a defective immune system that cannot defend the body from pathogens normally found in the environment
18
Q
Optimum growth temperature
A
The temperature at which an organism grows best
19
Q
Parenteral
A
Taken into the body through piercing of the skin, barrier, or mucous membranes, such as through needle sticks, human bites, cuts, and abrasions
20
Q
Para-
A
Apart from
21
Q
Enter/o
A
Intestine
22
Q
-al
A
Pertaining to
23
Q
Pathogen
A
A disease producing microorganism
24
Q
Postexposure prophylaxis
A
Treatment administered to an individual after exposure to an infectious disease to prevent the disease
25
Post-
After
26
Pro-
Before
27
Phylaxis
Prevention of disease
28
Regulated medical waste
Medical waste that poses a threat to health and safety
29
Resident flora
Harmless, non-pathogenic microorganisms that normally reside on the skin, and they usually do not cause disease
30
Transient flora
Micro organisms that reside on the superficial skin layers, and are picked up in the course of the daily activities.
 They are often pathogenic, but can be removed easily from the skin by sanitizing the hands.
31
Autoclave
An apparatus for the sterilization of materials, using steam under pressure
32
Critical items
Items that come in contact with the sterile tissue or the vascular system
33
Decontamination
The physical or chemical means to remove or destroy pathogens on an item, so that it is no longer capable of transmitting disease; this makes the item safe to handle
34
Detergent
An agent that cleanses by emulsifying dirt and oil
35
Disinfectant
An agent used to destroy pathogenic microorganisms, but not their spores.
Disinfectants are usually applied to inanimate object.
36
Hazardous chemical
Any chemical that is classified as a health or physical hazard, a simple asphyxiant, a combustible dust, a pyrophoric dust, or a hazard not otherwise classified.
37
Incubate
To provide proper conditions for growth and development
38
Load
The articles that are being sterilized
39
Nom critical item
An item that comes into contact with intact skin but not with mucous membranes
40
Safety data sheet
A document that provides information regarding the chemical, its hazards, and measures to take to prevent injury and illness when handling the chemical
41
Sanitization
A process to remove organic matter from an article, and to reduce the number of micro organisms to a safe level as determined by public health requirements
42
Semi critical item
An item that comes into contact with a non-intact, skin or intact mucous membranes
43
Spore
A hard, thick walled capsule formed by some bacteria that contains only essential part of the protoplasm of the bacterial cell
44
Sterilization
 The process of destroying all forms of microbial life on my including bacterial spores
45
Thermolabile
Easily affected or changed by heat
46
Adventitious sounds
Normal breath sounds
47
Afebrile
Without fever, the body temperature is normal
48
Alveoli
Thin walled air sacks of the lungs, in which the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place
49
Alveol/o
Air sac
50
Antecubital space
The space located at the front of the elbow
51
Ante-
Before
52
Cubitum
Elbow
53
Antipyretic
An agent that reduces fever
54
Pyr/o
Fever
55
Aorta
The major trunk of the arterial system of the body.
The aorta arises from the upper surface of the left ventricle.
56
Apnea
The temporary cessation of breathing
57
-pnea
Breathing
58
Axilla
 Armpit
59
Bounding pulse
A pulse with an increased volume that feels very strong and full 
60
Bradycardia
An abnormally slow heart rate, less than 60 bpm
61
-ia
Condition of diseased or abnormal state
62
Bradypnea
An abnormal decrees in the respiratory rate of less than 10 respirations per minute
63
Conduction
The transfer of energy such as heat from one object to another by direct contact
64
Convection
The transfer of energy such as heat through air currents
65
Crisis
A sudden falling of an elevated body temperature to normal
66
Cyanosis
A blueish discolouration of the skin and mucous membranes
67
-osis
Abnormal condition
68
Diastole
The phase in the cardiac cycle in which the heart relaxes between contractions
69
Diastolic pressure
The point of lesser pressure on the arterial wall, which is a recorded during diastole
70
Dyspnea
Shortness of breath or difficulty in breathing
71
Dys-
Difficult, painful, abnormal
72
Dysrhythmia
An irregular rhythm
73
-ia
Condition of diseased or abnormal state
74
Eupnea
Normal respiration.
The rate is 16 to 20 respirations per minute. The rhythm is even and regular. The depth is normal.
75
Eu-
Normal, good
76
Fahrenheit scale
Freezing point is 32°, boiling point is 212°
77
Febrile
Pertaining to fever
78
Fever
Body temperature that is above normal.
Synonym for pyrexia
79
Frenulum linguae
The midline fold that connects the undersurface of the tongue with the floor of the mouth
80
Hyperpnea
An abnormal increase in the rate and depth of respiration
81
Hyperpyrexia
An extremely high fever
82
Hyperventilation
Abnormally, fast and deep type of breathing, usually associated with acute anxiety condition
83
Hypopnea
Abnormal decrease in the rate, and depth of respiration
84
Hypotension
Low blood pressure
85
Hypothermia
A body temperature that is below normal
86
Hypoxemia
A decrease in the oxygen saturation of the blood. It may lead to hypoxia.
87
Hypoxia
The reduction in the oxygen supply to the tissues of the body
88
Korotkoff sounds
Sounds heard during the measurement of blood pressure that are used to determine the systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings
89
Malaise
A vague sense of body, discomfort, weakness, and fatigue that often marks the onset of a disease and continues through the course of the illness
90
-mal
Bad
91
Manometer
An instrument for measuring pressure
92
-meter
Instrument used to measure
93
Orthopnea
The condition in which breathing is easier when an individual is in a sitting or standing position
94
Orth/o
Straight
95
Pulse oximeter
A computerized device consisting of a probe, and the monitor used to measure the oxygen saturation of arterial blood
96
Pulse oximetry
The use of a pulse oximeter to measure the oxygen saturation of arterial blood
97
Pulse pressure
The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures
98
Pulse rhythm
The time interval, between heartbeats
99
Pulse volume
The strength of the heartbeat
100
Radiation
The transfer of energy such as heat in the form of waves
101
Sphygmomanometer
An instrument for measuring arterial blood pressure
102
Sphygm/o
Pulse
103
Stethoscope
And the instrument used for amplifying and hearing sound produced by the body
104
Steth/o
Chest
105
-scope
To view, to examine
106
Systole
The phase in the cardiac cycle, in which the ventricles contract, sending blood out of the heart, and into the aorta and pulmonary trunk
107
Tachycardia
Abnormally, fast, heart rate more than hundred beats per minute
108
Tachypnea
Abnormal increase in the respiratory rate of more than 20 breaths per minute
109
Thready pulse
A pulse with a decreased volume that feels weak and thin
110
Reservoir host.
1. Reservoir host is the one that becomes infected by the pathogen, and also serves as a source of transfer of the pathogen. The host provides nourishment for a microorganism to grow and multiply examples include people and animals.
111
Infection process
Reservoir host.
Means of exit.
Means of transmission.
Means of entry.
Susceptible host.
112
Means of exit
Means of exit from the Reservoir host, include the mouse, nose, throat, ears, eyes, intestinal, tract, urinary tract, reproductive tract, open wounds
113
Means of transmission
Means of transmission from one person to another include direct contact, who is an infected person or discharge.
Indirect transfer includes the transfer of microorganisms by droplets of moisture, expelled from the upper respiratory tract, known as droplet infection, as when a person, cough sneezes; contaminated, hands and equipment; contaminated, food, and water; insects that carry pathogens.
114
Means of entry
Means of entry into the host, include the mouse, nose, throat, ears, eyes, intestinal, tract, reproductive tract, open wounds, and breaks in the skin, mucous membranes
115
Susceptible host
Susceptible host is one who is capable of being infected by the pathogen.
The resistance or ability to fight of disease of the host is low human factors that contribute to low resistance and increased susceptibility include your health, poor hygiene, poor nutrition, and stress
116
Audiometer
Instrument used to measure hearing
117
Audi/o
Hearing
118
Auscultation
The process of listening to the sounds produced within the body to detect signs of disease
119
Bariatrics
The branch of medicine that deals with the treatment and control of obesity and diseases associated with obesity
120
Bar/o
Weight
121
-iatrics
Branch of medicine
122
Body mechanics
Use of the correct muscles to maintain proper balance, posture, and body alignment to accomplish a task safely and deficiency without undue strain on any muscle or joint
123
Clinical diagnosis
A tentative diagnosis of a patient’s condition obtained through evaluation of the health, history and physical examination, without the benefit of laboratory or diagnostic tests
124
Diagnosis
The scientific method of determining and identifying a patient’s condition
125
Dia-
Complete , through
126
-gnosis
Knowledge
127
Differential diagnosis
A determination of which of two or more diseases with similar symptoms is producing a patient symptoms
128
Inspection
The process of observing a patient to detect signs of disease
129
Mensuration
The process of measuring a patient
130
Ophthalmoscope
Instrument for examining the interior of the eye
131
Otoscope
Instrument for examining the external ear canal and tympanic membrane
132
Palpation
The process of feeling with the hands to detect signs of disease
133
Percussion
The process of tapping the body to detect signs of disease
134
Percussion hammer
Instrument with a rubber head, used for testing reflexes
135
Prognosis
The probable course and outcome of the patient’s condition, and the patient’s prospect for recovery
136
Pro-
Before
137
Speculum
Instrument for opening a body orifice or cavity for viewing
138
Symptom
Any change in the body or its functioning That indicates a disease might be present
139
Astigmatism
A refractive error that causes distorted and blurred vision for both near and far objects due to a cornea that is oval shaped
140
Stigma/a
Point
141
-ism
State of
142
Canthus
The junction of the eyelids  at either corner of the eye
143
Cerumen
Earwax
A yellowish waxy substance secreted by glands in the ear canal which functions to lubricate and protect the ear canal.
144
Hyperopia
A refractive error in which the light rays are brought to a focus behind the retina resulting in a difficulty viewing object at the reading or working distance.
Farsightedness.
145
Impacted cerumen
Cerumen that is wedged firmly together in the ear canal so as to be immovable
146
Instillation
The dropping of a liquid into a body cavity
147
Irrigation
The washing of a body canal with a flowing solution
148
Myopia
Nearsightedness.
A refractive error in which the light rays are brought to a focus in front of the retina resulting in difficulty viewing objects at a distance
149
-opia
Vision
150
Presbyopia
A decrease in the elasticity of the lens that occurs with aging, resulting in a decrease the booty to focus on close objects
151
Refraction
Deflection, or bending of light rays by a lens
152
Tympanic membrane
Thin, semitransparent membrane between the external ear canal and the middle ear that receives and transmits sound waves.
Also known as the eardrum
153
Tympan/o
Eardrum
154
Visual acuity
Acuteness or sharpness of vision
155
Four types of microorganisms
Bacteria.
Virus
Fungi
Protozoa.
156
Medical asepsis
A set of practises in the medical office that must be deployed to keep the object and area, clean and free of pathogens
157
Heterotroph
Microorganism that uses organic or living substances for food
158
Five personal protective equipment
Medical mask
Medical face shield, chin length
Laboratory coat
Medical gloves,
protective eyewear, that covers the sides of the head
