One Big Deck

Question 1

Pounds of pressure to compress:
JUGULARS

Answer 1

4.4 pounds

Question 1

Pounds of pressure to compress:
TRACHEA

Answer 1

33 pounds

Question 2

Pounds of pressure to compress:
CAROTIDS

Answer 2

11 pounds (the ones are carrots)

Question 3

Pounds of pressure to compress:
VERTEBRALS

Answer 3

66 pounds

Question 4

what is a child’s head vs an adult’s head in total body surface area?

Answer 4

child: 18%
adult: 9%

Question 5

what percent of burns are inflicted in children?

Answer 5

~10-25%

Question 6

what is the most common type of inflicted burn in children?

Answer 6

a scald (1st degree)

Question 7

what is pseudo-tattooing?

Answer 7

irregularly sized and shaped skin lesions surrounding a GSW resulting from an INTERMEDIATE TARGET which FRAGMENTS THE PROJECTILE BEFORE IT HITS THE SKIN!!!

Question 8

what intracranial compartment gets hemorrhages in charred heads?

Answer 8

epidural (friable, denatured, artifactual)

Question 9

what conditions cause cherry red lividity?

Answer 9

CO
hypOthermia
Cyanide

Question 10

what happens re: acidosis/alkalosis with SALICYLATES

Answer 10

1ST: respiratory ALKalosis
2ND: metabolic ACIDosis

Question 11

what makes the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve shift LEFT?

Answer 11

INCREASED: pH, met-Hb, CO-Hb, fetal-Hb
DECREASED: pCO2, [H+] (duh cause this goes with increased pH), temp, DPG, [PO4 3-]

(high O2 affinity so decreased unloading)

Question 12

what makes the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve shift RIGHT?

Answer 12

INCREASED: pCO2, [H+], temp, DPG, sulf-Hb, HbSS
DECREASED: pH

(low O2 affinity so increased unloading)

Question 13

LEFT shifted oxygen hemoglobin dissociation curve does what for affinity/unloading?

Answer 13

INCREASED affinity
DECREASED unloading

Question 14

RIGHT shifted oxygen hemoglobin dissociation curve does what for affinity/unloading?

Answer 14

DECREASED affinity
INCREASED unloading

Question 15

name 3 drugs associated with aortic dissection

Answer 15

MDMA
cocaine
amphetamines (including 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine)

Question 16

what is the smallest shotgun gauge?

Answer 16

.410

Question 17

how many petals do shotgun shells have?

Answer 17

4
except a .410 which is so small it can only fit 3

Question 18

how does pseudohypoparathyroidism present?

Answer 18

(tissue resistance to PTH)
HIGH PTH
low calcium
High phosphate

Question 19

what genetic thing causes pseudohypoparathyroidism?

Answer 19

maternally inherited alpha subunits of G proteins

Question 20

what does PTH do in the body?

Answer 20

increases calcium
decreases phosphate

Question 21

what does vitamin D do in the body?

Answer 21

increases calcium
increases phosphate

Question 22

which one is the “double”: percent ethanol or proof?

Answer 22

Proof
max percent ethanol = 100%
max proof = 200

Question 23

antidote to ethylene glycol

Answer 23

there are 2:
ethanol
fomepizole

Question 24

antidote for benzos

Answer 24

flumazenil

Question 25

what does ethylene glycol do to osmolal gap and pH balance?

Answer 25

INCREASED osmolal gap Anion gap metabolic ACIDosis (same as methanol!)

Question 26

what are the metabolism products of ethylene glycol?

Answer 26

glycolic and oxalic acids

Question 27

what are the metabolism products of methanol?

Answer 27

formaldehyde THEN formic acid

Question 28

what layer of skin has increased pigmentation in a Mongolian spot?

Answer 28

dermis congenital DERMAL melanocytosis, lmao

Question 29

encapsulated bacteria: name 7

Answer 29

1. Strep pneumo 2. Neisseria meningitidis 3. Pseudomonas aeruginosa 4. Salmonella typhi 5. Haemophilus influenzae 6. E. coli 7. Group B strep

Question 30

most lethal bacteria for sickle cell patients?

Answer 30

strep pneumo

Question 31

what does methanol do to osmolal gap and pH balance?

Answer 31

INCREASED osmolal gap Anion gap metabolic ACIDosis (same as ethylene glycol!)

Question 32

why can you use ethanol as a treatment for methanol?

Answer 32

it competes for metabolism by alcohol dehydrogenase ethanol has 10x the affinity that methanol has

Question 33

for a FORENSIC autopsy, how long do you keep wet stock tissue?

Answer 33

1 year

Question 34

for a FORENSIC autopsy, how long do you keep slides?

Answer 34

forever

Question 35

for a FORENSIC autopsy, how long do you keep paraffin blocks?

Answer 35

forever

Question 36

for a FORENSIC autopsy, how long do you keep reports?

Answer 36

forever

Question 37

what 4 things do you keep forever in a FORENSIC autopsy?

Answer 37

slides paraffin blocks reports everything else (that isn't wet stock tissue or body fluids, so this includes photos etc)

Question 38

for a FORENSIC autopsy, how long do you keep body fluids &/or tissue for tox?

Answer 38

1 year

Question 39

for a NON-forensic autopsy, how long do you keep wet stock tissue?

Answer 39

3 months

Question 40

for a NON-forensic autopsy, how long do you keep slides?

Answer 40

10 years

Question 41

for a NON-forensic autopsy, how long do you keep paraffin blocks?

Answer 41

10 years

Question 42

for a NON-forensic autopsy, how long do you keep reports?

Answer 42

10 years

Question 43

for a NON-forensic autopsy what 3 things do you keep for 10 years?

Answer 43

slides paraffin blocks reports

Question 44

half-life for morphine

Answer 44

3-4 hours

Question 45

half-life for heroin

Answer 45

<1 hour (for metabolites, 3-4 hours)

Question 46

half-life for cocaine

Answer 46

1 hour

Question 47

half-life for marijuana

Answer 47

DEPENDS one-time use 3-7 days >1 month for daily users even longer for obese ***lipid soluble!

Question 48

half-life for methadone

Answer 48

8 hours to 3 days

Question 49

Brugada syndrome: inheritance problem

Answer 49

autosomal dominant sodium channel mutations

Question 50

right frontal upper incisor tooth number

Answer 50

#8 (that makes left #9)

Question 51

right frontal lower incisor tooth number

Answer 51

#25 (that makes left #24)

Question 52

how does methemoglobin change oxygen affinity?

Answer 52

it converts reduced Fe2+ to oxidized Fe3+ Fe3+ cannot transport oxygen so higher methemoglobin shifts the curve LEFT which results in an increased binding affinity for the REMAINING hemoglobin molecules (ugh)

Question 53

what is the Daubert standard?

Answer 53

admissibility of scientific evidence is the responsibility of the judge

Question 54

what is rule 702?

Answer 54

an expert may give an opinion if: 1. expert's KNOWLEDGE will help understand a fact/evidence 2. testimony is based on sufficient DATA 3. testimony is based on reliable PRINCIPLES 4. expert has reliably APPLIED those principles

Question 55

what is subpoena duces tecum?

Answer 55

a writ requiring a person to appear in court to give testimony, bring stuff for the court

Question 56

what is the Frye standard?

Answer 56

scientific principles must be sufficiently established to have gained general acceptance in the particular field they belong

Question 57

what is respondeat superior?

Answer 57

employer is responsible for the actions of employees performed in the normal course of duties during their employment

Question 58

which restrictive cardiomyopathies are associated with hypereosinophilia and are more common in tropical areas?

Answer 58

1. Loeffler's MORE SEVERE 2. Endomyocardial fibrosis

Question 59

what is the inheritance situation for HOCM?

Answer 59

auto dom genes for sarcomeres: most common is beta-myosin heavy chain (then cardiac myosin binding protein C gene)