One Health Flashcards
(27 cards)
What is ‘One Health’?
The collaborative effort of multiple health science professions to attain optimal health for people, domestic animal, wildlife, plants and our environment.
What is Zoonoses?
Pathogens/illnesses transmitted from animals to people
What is Incidence?
The number of new cases per unit time
What is Prevalence?
The percentage of positive cases
What is Morbidity?
Infections resulting in disease symptoms
What is Mortality?
Number of deaths
What is Surveillance?
The continuous, systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of health-related data needed for the planning, implementation and evaluation of public health practice.
What is Passive surveillance?
Regular reporting of observed cases but no active search
What is Syndromic surveillance?
Looking for rise in the number of people reporting specific symptoms
Where are the pathogens suspected to have originated from?
Either Co-evolution with our ancestors or,
Cross-species transmission
What is a Prophylactic Vaccination?
Development of immunity in susceptible host
What is a Therapeutic Vaccination?
Vaccination to augment or induce effective immunity in persons previously infected
What is Herd Immunity?
The resistance of spread of a particular disease coming from the high proportion of the population that are immune to the disease.
How are Non-Living Viral Vaccines prepared?
From virus grown in culture systems.
What is the advantage of Non-Living Viral Vaccines?
No risk of infection
What are the disadvantages of Non-Living Viral Vaccines?
May be less immunogenic
May require adjuvants
May not stimulate local IgA mucosal response
How are Live Virus Vaccines prepared?
From an attenuated virus
What are the advantages of Live Virus Vaccines?
Stimulate antibody and T cell responses
Can stimulate mucosal immunity
Durable immunity
What are the disadvantages of Live Virus Vaccines?
Restoration of increased virulence
Persistence of vaccine virus in the immunosuppressed
What type of Virus is Ebola?
A Filovirus
What do filoviruses cause?
Viral hemorrhagic fever
How can filoviruses be transferred?
Animal-animal transmission
Spill-over event
Human-human transmission
What factors increase mortality of filoviruses?
Older age
Higher viral load in blood
What types of disease eradication exist?
Control Elimination of disease Elimination of infections Reduction or Eradication Extinction
