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One Liners for medical conditions Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

Hepatitis

A

Viral disease causing inflammatory mediated processes with associated liver damage

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2
Q

Hepatitis A

A

RNA virus that leads to acute hepatitis and is self limiting

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3
Q

Hepatitis B

A

DNA virus that leads to acute hepatitis with 20% leading to cirrhosis

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4
Q

Hepatitis C

A

RNA virus that leads to acute hepatitis with 20% leading to cirrhosis

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5
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Hepatic inflammation and fibrosis leading to liver failure. Generally caused by hepatitis, alcoholism, and fatty liver disease.

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6
Q

Hypertension

A

Persistently elevated arterial blood pressure of 130/80 or higher in adults with 2 elevated readings on 2 or more visits.

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7
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Hardening of the arteries due to lipid accumulation within the arterial wall

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8
Q

Ischemic heart disease

A

Disease secondary to stenotic coronary arteries leading to ischemic oxygen supply and demand imbalance

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9
Q

Angina

A

Transient chest discomfort due either a partially occlusive thrombus or fixed atherosclerotic plaque causing ischemic oxygen supply and demand imbalance

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10
Q

Acute coronary syndrome

A

Disease process secondary to ruptured atherosclerotic plaque with formation of thrombus within coronary vessel

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11
Q

NSTEMI

A

partially occlusive thrombus resulting in subendocardial infarction

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12
Q

STEMI

A

Occlusive thrombus causing transmural infarct

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13
Q

Congestive heart failure

A

Inability of the heart to pump enough blood to meet the metabolic demands of the body

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14
Q

Mitral Valve Stenosis

A

decrease in size of mitral valve resulting in decreased blood flow across valve during diastole and increased atrial pressures and volume

Avoid excessive fluids
Avoid trendelenberg and manage tachycardia aggressively
Avoid ketamine due to heart rate effects
Control blood pressure to decrease afterload

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15
Q

Mitral regurgitation

A

Increase in size of mitral valve orifice resulting in back flow of blood across the valve during systole

Maintain normal to slightly elevated heart rate, bradycardia may results in volume overload.

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16
Q

Mitral Valve Prolapse

A

Prolapse of one or both mitral leaflets into the left atrium during systole

If regurgitation noted, treat the same as MR

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17
Q

Aortic Stenosis

A

Decrease in aortic valve area resulting in obstruction of blood flow into the aorta and increased left ventricular pressures

Prevention of hypotension and preserve CO. Avoid ketamine (increases HR) and propofol (decreases systemic vascular resistance)

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18
Q

Aortic Regurgitation

A

Disease of aortic leaflets resulting in backflow of blood across the aortic valve into the left ventricle during diastole

Heart rate above 80
Avoid bradycardia to decrease diastole period
Avoid increases in SVR

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19
Q

Tricuspid Regurgitation

A

Dilation resulting in backflow of blood across the valve into the right atrium during systole

NO2 can cause pulmonary artery vasoconstriction and increase regurgitation

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20
Q

Tricuspid Stenosis

A

decrease in size of tricuspid valve orifice resulting in decreased blood flow across the valve and increased right atrial pressure

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21
Q

Pulmonary regurgitation

A

Annular dilation of the pulmonic valve resulting in backflow of blood across the valve into the right ventricle during diastole

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22
Q

Pulmonic stenosis

A

Decrease in pulmonic valve area resulting in obstruction of blood flow into the pulmonary arteries and increased right ventricular pressures

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23
Q

Afterload

A

amount of resistance the heart must overcome to open the aortic valve and push the blood volume out into the systemic circulation

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24
Q

Preload

A

the stretch of myocardium or end-diastolic volume of the ventricles and most frequently refers to the volume in a ventricle just before the start of systole

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25
FEV1/FVC
Forced experatory volume in 1 second / forced vital capacity. Normal value is 80%.
26
Asthma
Chronic obstructive disease with bronchiolar inflammation and hyperresponsiveness that displays reversible, variable, and recurrent airway obstruction
27
Cystic Fibrosis
Autosomal recessive disease resulting in altered chloride and water transport which causes increased chloride concentration and increased levels of mucous build up Proper work up with pulmonologist Later in day for mucous to clear No ketamine due to increased secretions B-agonist recommended
28
COPD
irreversible disease that causes airway obstruction by either chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema. Emphysema - enlargement of airway due to destruction of walls distal to bronchioles Bronchitis- chronic hypersecretion of mucus in bronchi causing increased resistance to airflow
29
Pulmonary Embolism
Acute, partial, or complete obstruction in the pulmonary arterial vasculature leading to a ventilation perfusion mismatch
30
Acute renal failure/Acute Kidney Injury
Loss of renal function over hours to days resulting in disturbances in fluid, electolytes, acid base homeostasis Diagnosis based on serum creatinine increase by more than 0.5 mg/dL and reduction of GFR of 50%
31
Chronic Renal Disease/Chronic Kidney Disease
Permanent renal insufficiency that develops over months to years caused by structural intrinsic damage of the glomerulus or tubulointerstitial system resulting in irreversible damage
32
Anemia
Decrease in red blood cells leading to less oxygen carrying capacity and delivery to end organs
33
Leukemia
Disease of mesenchymal cells of blood where there is abnormal proliferation or increased lifespan of myeloid or lymphoid cells
34
Hemophilia
X-Linked recessive bleeding disorder types A and B resulting from Factor 8 or 9 gene mutations
35
Von Willebrands Disease
Congenital Platelet bleeding disorder due to deficiency or dysfunction of von Willebrands factor (vWF). vWF responsible for mediating platelet adhesion to endothelium and prevention of Factor VIII degradation
36
Antithrombin III Deficiency
Inherited deficiency of antithrombin III leading to increased risk for recurrent thrombosis
37
Protein C Deficiency
Qualitative or quantitative deficiency in protein C which inhibits blood coagulation by inactivation of factor V, and XIII causing prothrombotic state
38
Factor V Leiden
Hereditary gene mutation resulting in resistance to activated protein C, due to gene mutation of factor V
39
Lymphoma
Malignancy of lymphocytes that usually arise in lymph nodes. Two main types (Hodgkins and non-Hodgkins)
40
Hodgkins Lymphoma
Characterized by presence of reed-sternberg malignant cells. These will not be present in Non-Hodgkins lymphoma
41
Multiple Myeloma
Malignancy characterized by neoplastic transformation of plasma cells resulting in osteolytic lesions, hypercalcemia, osteopenia, pathological fractures
42
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Multisystem chronic inflammatory disorder due to autoantibody production causing immune mediated tissue damage
43
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Chronic systemic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology characterized by inflammatory polyarthritis with progressive destruction to joint, bone, and articular cartilage
44
Osteoarthritis
Painful degenerative process involving progressive deterioration of articular cartilage and remodeling of subchondral bone that is not primarily inflammatory
45
Obesity
Abnormally high amount of adipose tissue compared with lean muscle with excess body weight over predicted ideal body weight Kg/m2. Anyone with BMI greater than 30
46
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Most common neuromuscular disease. X-Linked recessive pattern causing dystrophin gene mutation and necrosis of muscle fibers
47
Myasthenia Gravis
Autoimmune disorder affecting postsynaptic neuromuscular transmission of ACH receptor due to autoantibodies. Causes weakness and fatigue of skeletal muscles with improvement with rest
48
Ehlers Danlos Syndrome
Group of inherited diseases that result from defect in synthesis or structure of fibrillar collagen leading to changes in skin, tendons, blood vessels, and viscera.
49
Marfans Syndrome
Autosomal dominant connective tissue disorder affecting cardiac, skeletal, and ocular tissues.
50
Hyperthyroidism
Thyroid gland is overactive and exposes body tissues to excessive amounts of thyroid hormone Most common causes are multinodular goiter and Graves disease
51
Graves Disease
Autoimmune condition resulting in hyperstimulation of TSH receptors from autoantibodies
52
Hypthyroidism
Thyroid gland has decreased production of thyroid hormone resulting in inadequate circulating levels of T4 or T3 or both.
53
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
Autoimmune process leading to destruction of thyroid gland causing decrease in thyroid hormone production despite normal levels of TSH
54
Diabetes Mellitis
Metabolic disorder resulting in a defect in insulin secretion, action, or both, resulting in hyperglycemia
55
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Secondary to insulin shortage resulting in hyperglycemia, hyperketonemia, and anion gap metabolic acidosis.
56
Cushing Syndrome
Excessive free plasma glucocorticoids causing buffalo hump, weight gain, obesity, striae, cognitive dysfunction
57
Addisons Disease
Autoimmune disease characterized by insufficient adrenocortical synthesis and secretion of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids
58
Hyperparathyroidism
Primary cause is adenoma or enlargement of one of the four parathyroid glands which overproduces PTH causing imbalance in calcium hemostasis
59
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
Progressive neurodegenerative disease of the upper and lower motor neurons due to degeneration of lateral corticospinal tracts eventually leading to muscle failure
60
Parkinson's Disease
Neurodegenerative disease characterized by classic triad of bradykinesia, rigidity, and resting tremor caused by progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons
61
Alzheimer's Disease
Most common neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of cortical neurons and formation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Causes deficiency in ACH transmission
62
Seizure/Epilepsy
Seizure caused by sudden onset of abnormal, highly synchronous discharges of neurons. Epilepsy is chronic disorder defined as recurrent seizures resulting from congenital or acquired factors in the cerebral cortex
63
Cerebrovascular accident
Also known as a stroke, sudden onset of neurological deficits that occurs secondary to cerebral ischemia or cerebral hemorrhage
64
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
Temporary blockage of blood flow to the brain that may include stroke-like symptoms
65
Metabolic acidosis
Decrease in bicarbonate
66
Metabolic alkalosis
Primary increase in bicarbonate
67
Respiratory Acidosis
Primary increase in PaC02 caused by reduced ventilation
68
Respiratory Alkalosis
Primary decrease in PaC02 caused by hyperventilation
69
Serotonin Syndrome
Adverse drug reaction producing excess serotonergic effects of the CNS
70
Preeclampsia
Pregnancy induced condition due to abnormal placental implantation. Hypertension that occurs after 20 weeks of gestation or postpartum
71
Eclampsia
Severe preeclampsia characterized by seizures or coma without any other brain pathology
72
HIV
Human Immunodeficiency Virus. RNA retrovirus that infects CD4 cells that causes varying levels of immunosuppression with possible progression to AIDS

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