Online Handout Info Flashcards
Improve ability to recall info from online handouts (125 cards)
1
Q
Basic Principles of PNF
A
Patient’s Position Therapist’s Body Position Manual Contact Elongation, Spring Test, Stretch Stimulus Resistance Verbal Command Use of Visual Execution of Proper Pattern Facilitation of Optimal Timing
2
Q
Motor responses that are affected by manual contact
A
Strength or power
Direction of movement
3
Q
Effect of manual contact on direction of movement is that it decreased ______ _______ ____ created by multiple contacts, patients response is easier or more precise.
A
conflicting sensory input
4
Q
Application of appropriate manual contact
A
Lumbrical Grip
Identify specific location for contact
Should follow Three C’s
5
Q
Muscles used by lumbrical grip
A
Intrinsic muscles
6
Q
Contact surfaces used by manual contact
A
Palm - especially thenar and hypothenar eminences
Finger pads, not finger tips.
7
Q
Correct contact is the specific point which facilitates the ________ in the correct direction. General guideline is to choose a surface which faces directly into the ________ desired.
A
appropriate contraction, line of movement
8
Q
Three C’s of Appropriate touch
A
Confidence
Control
Compassion
Learn to be invited in by the patient to the appropriate depth.
9
Q
Two types of muscle contractions
A
Isotonic
Isometric
10
Q
Types of Isotonic Contraction
A
Concentric - Shortening contraction
Eccentric - Lengthening contraction
Maintained Isotonic - No movement but with the intent to move.
11
Q
Commands for isotonic contractions
A
Concentric: Push, Pull
Eccentric: Let go slowly, or Slowly let go
Maintained Isotonic: Keep it there, or Don’t let me move you.
12
Q
Resistance of an isometric contraction:
A
Slow and Low
13
Q
Commands for an Isometric Contraction
A
Hold It
Don’t let me move you. Don’t Push
14
Q
Most effective use of an isometric contraction is facilitating and training the ______ contractions throughout the body. Used to facilitate a ______ response.
A
Core muscle, fiber specific
15
Q
Resistance can be affected by:
A
Patient’s position Gravity Existing reflexes The diagonal pattern The position of the distal component.
16
Q
Differences between use of traction and approximation. in the categories of joint pain, type of force, and postures used
A
Traction Used with painful joints Elongation of a segment Mostly used in NWB postures Approximation Carefully used with painful joints Compression of a segment Used in mostly WB postures.
17
Q
The use of traction and approximation ads and additional ___________ to the directional resistance.
A
Force Vector
18
Q
The therapist must be aware of the ___________ created by both the restaance and traction or approximation to ensure smooth and appropriate resistance.
A
Resultant force
19
Q
The therapist must be sure to avoid using traction or approximation to ___________ the movement rather than _________ the resistance
A
Assist
Enhance
20
Q
Traction is the elongation of a segment to __________ of the segment’s core muscles and promotes a _____________
A
Increase muscular response
CoreFirst movement strategy
21
Q
The direction of traction is always applied ______________ and is ________ in force
A
Away from the apex of motion
consistent
22
Q
Resistance must be ___________ to balance the force of the traction
A
Graduated
23
Q
Approximation is the compression of a segment to _________
A
Promote stability
24
Q
The desired response during approximation can be initiated or reinforced by a reflex producing ________ followed immediately by _____________
A
Quick Approximation
Maintained Approximation Pressure
25
Care must be used during approximation to avoid _______ and to consider underlying __________
Pain
| Pathology
26
Elongation of a muscle increases its responsiveness to cortical stimulation is the definition of ____
Stretch Stimulus
27
A spinal reflex used in conjunction with the techniques and procedures of PNF to facilitate a reflex contraction is the definition of a _____
Stretch Reflex
28
How is the stretch reflex best facilitated?
Use of a quick stretch
29
This should always be applied before applying a stretch stimulus
Spring test
30
The stretch reflex is synchronized by a _____ to stimulate a volitional effort by the patient when possible
Verbal command
31
The stretch reflex is reinforced by the immediate application of ________. This resistance must occur within the first few degrees of movement by the patient or the effects of the stretch reflex will be diminished as the proper _________ will not be facilitated and resisted.
Appropriate resistance
| Core response
32
The stretch stimulus can be applied in a midrange by applying it to _______ to generate tension
An existing isometric contraction
33
Contraindication to a quick stretch
Hyperactive stretch reflex not under voluntary control
| Pain
34
Normal Timing allows for
Dynamic stability with controlled mobility
35
The normal timing of a response can be altered to emphasize an individual component. This utilization of timing is referred to as _____________ and is often used to make the other techniques _______ ______ and to ensure the appropriate ______ ______
Timing for emphasis, more effective, motor recruitment.
36
Positioning not only refers to the issue of _________, but also the IPA’s unique concept of ________ a segment prior to elongating and finding the pattern
Support and mid-range alignment
| Setting
37
The basic philosophy of PNF developed from the premise that __________
All human beings, including those with disabilities, have untapped existing potential
38
The effectiveness of any treatment program is dependent upon both the therapist and patient having well-defined ____ and the intention that those ____ will be achieved
goals, goals
39
Treatment is directed towards ________ and the improvement of the patient’s _________
Patient education
| Performance of functional activities
40
The treatment approach is always _________, reinforcing and utilizing that which the patient can do on a _______ and ______ level
Positive
| physical and emotional
41
The ability to _____ is an individual characteristic. Therefore, treatment is tailored to the individual with his ability to cooperate and _______ considered.
Learn, Learn
42
When treating a patient the therapist must remember that all problems, neurological and orthopedic affect the system as a _______. Therefore, the approach should be _______, addressing sensory, musculoskeletal, and psychological elements to ensure that each treatment is directed at a total human being not a specific problem.
Whole
| Integrated
43
The purpose of treatment is to assist the patient to attain the _______ _____ of ______ possible through the development of the _______ ______ _______ system.
highest level of function
| Most efficient neuromuscular
44
The process for _________ which is essential for the selection of appropriate techniques, is a _________ process throughout the entire treatment.
Evaluation
| Continuing
45
Appropriate techniques are used to __________ normal spinal and subcortical reflexes in conjunction with voluntary activity to enhance the development of efficient ___________
Facilitate
| Posture and Movement
46
To achieve optimal function Complex skills are broken into their _______ ______
Individual Components
47
Abnormal _______, ___________, and __________ are treated by direct or indirect inhibition, the emphasis is on training reciprocal motion
Tone, posture, and movement
48
Tapping a ___________ is the most effective means of increasing awareness, strength, and endurance. __________ of the response is used to promote retention of motor learning
Maximal response
| Repetition
49
___________________ is essential to improve and maintain the strength, endurance, and coordination of the neuromuscular system. Therefor an _________ program provides for the greatest improvement.
Continued activity
| Intense
50
The patterns of facilitation were developed by Dr. Kabat and Maggie in the ______ stages of the development of PNF
Final
51
It was through he utilization fo all the previous principles that they began to recognize the ________ that existed in all functional activities.
normal patterns of movement
52
Normal coordinated activities are accomplished by the extremities and trunk moving in _____ directions with ______ components
diagonal, spiral
53
The stretch reflex is most effectively elicited when the segment to be stretched is elongated in a ______ _____
Specific Diagonal
54
The muscular response is more coordinated and forceful when resistance is applied within a specific ______ ______
Diagonal Pattern
55
The _____ _______ is more coordinated and forceful when resistance is applied within a specific diagonal pattern
Muscular Response
56
Each extremity pattern is composed of
flexion/extension
abduction/adduction
rotation
57
Each Trunk/Scapula-Pelvis pattern is made up of
Flexion/extension/elevation/depression
Lateral/medial movement
Rotation/upward/downward rotation
58
The three components of patterns are ______ blended throughout the _______ ROM
equally, complete
59
The patterns are effective tools for evaluating the quality of a _________ __________ and the _______ of ______
Muscular contraction, range of motion
60
When dysfunctions are identified in a pattern, specific techniques are applied to ________ _________
facilitate improvement
61
The patterns are _______ diagonals and can be identified by placing the group of muscle or segment into an ________ position where all muscles feel equally on ________
narrow, elongated, stretch
62
The muscles of a pattern each work together with more ________ and ______ when in the pattern
power and efficiency
63
The muscles of a pattern each work together with more power and efficiency when in the _____
pattern
64
Working with patients in the pattern is a ________ not the ___________
means to the end, end of the means
65
The red zone of the stretch stimulus is the zone of ________
Minimal Recoil
66
The purple zone of the stretch stimulus is the _____ zone
Spring zone
67
The blue zone of the stretch stimulus is the zone of ________
good recoil
68
The green zone of the stretch stimulus is the zone of ______ or _____ recoil
Little or no
69
To achieve optimal function the interaction of ______ and _____ is taken into account
stability, mobility
70
To achieve optimal function the ability to perform the whole skill is facilitated through the _______ _______.
learning sequence
71
Proprioception is defined as the ________ produced within an organism by the movement of its __________
stimuli, tissues
72
Proprioception is defines as sensory receptors that are stimulated by some aspect of muscle ________ or ________, joint _______ either stationary or moving
muscle length or tension, angle
73
Proprioception is the sense of something that is either ______ or moving
stationary
74
Proprioception is the sense of something that is either stationary or _________
moving
75
Proprioception can be stimulated by head _______
position
76
Proprioception refers to all sensory receptors including ________ or ________
exteroreceptors and interoreceptors
77
Types of proprioceptive receptors include muscle spindles, _________, joint connective tissue, skin receptors, eyes, ears, ad the inner ear receptors
GTOs
78
Types of proprioceptive receptors include ________, GTOs, joint connective tissue, skin receptors, eyes, ears, ad the inner ear receptors
Muscle Spindles
79
Neuromuscular pertains to ______ and ______.
nerves and muscles
80
Neuromuscular's definition applies specifically to the ability for the muscles to ________, have appropriate _________, ________ and ________
Initiate, Initiation, strength, endurance
81
Facilitation is the ________ or _______ of any natural process
Promotion or hastening
82
Facilitation is specifically the effect produced in _______ tissue by the passage of an impulse which lowers the resistance to _________ so that a second stimuli or subsequent stimuli may more_______ provoke the response
nerve, transmission, easily
83
Facilitation is to increase the ______ of performance of any action, resulting from the lessening of nerve ______ by the continued successive application of the necessary ________
ease, resistance, stimulus
84
Facilitation is to make ________
easier
85
The inhibition of abnormal _______ and _______ are intricate components of faciliation
tone and movement patterns
86
_______ is the type of manual contact in which the surface corresponds to the direction of movement
indirect facilitation
87
_______ is the type fo manual contact where the skin surface over the actual muscle of which a stronger contraction is desired is contacted
direct facilitation
88
The stretch reflex is used to achieve and enhance normal movement by facilitating ________ of motion
initiation
89
The stretch reflex can increase the ________ of a muscle contraction
strength
90
The stretch reflex increased the ________ by decreasing muscle fatigue and decreasing the effort needed to produce movement
endurance
91
The stretch reflex increased the endurance by decreasing muscle ________ and decreasing the _______ needed to produce movement
fatigue, effort
92
The stretch reflex can influence the ________ of movement
direction
93
To accomplish a quick stretch you ________ a group of muscles in pattern to their ______ or _______ ______ range
Elongate, lengthened, slightly taught.
94
Once muscles are lengthened for a quick stretch into their taught range you apply _______ and quickly but gently _________ the muscle further in the direction of the pattern
traction, lengthen
95
You should always _______ before applying a stretch stimulus
spring test
96
When applying a quick stretch you always want to stay in the _____ zone
purple
97
Verbal commands are used to coordinate ________ effort with reflex response
volitional
98
Verbal commands are used to define the _______ of muscle contraction desired
type
99
Verbal commands are used to define the ________ of motion
direction
100
Verbal commands are used to signal the _______ of relaxation of contractions
timing
101
Verbal cues are used to facilitate increased _______ and ________
arousal, responsiveness
102
Verbal cues are used to stimulate generalized ________
relaxation
103
Verbal commands are used to define the type of _______ _______ desired
muscle contraction
104
Verbal commands are used to coordinate volitional effort with ______ response
reflex
105
Verbal commands are used to _______ increased arousal and responsiveness
facilitate
106
Visual stimuli are used to assist in the initial ______ of an activity
learning
107
Visual stimuli are used to identify the ________ of motion
direction
108
Visual stimuli are used to identify _______ in space
position
109
Visual stimuli are used to direct the motion of the ______, ______, and _______ across midline and on the same side
head, trunk, extremities
110
Visual stimuli are used to increase
ROM
111
Visual stimuli are used to assist in the _______ learning of an activity
initial
112
Visual stimuli are used to identify the direction of _______
motion
113
visual stimuli are used to identify position in _____
space
114
Visual stimuli are used to direct the motion of the head, trunk, and extremities across _____ and on the same ______
midline, side
115
Resistance is varied to improve ________ using less effort but more controlled movement
coordination
116
Resistance is varied to improve _________ when resistance is varied throughout the range
range of motion
117
Resistance is varied to improve ________ when resistance is gradually increased
strength
118
Resistance is varied to improve ________ when resistance is gradually increased at the beginning of the range
initiation
119
Resistance is varied to improve _________ when resistance is slowly applied
stabilization
120
Resistance is varied to improve ________ when light resistance is used with an emphasis on letting go
relaxation
121
Resistance is varied by the therapist to facilitate the ________ response of the desired contraction depending on the functional component being treated
appropriate
122
Functionally an isometric contraction is one in which the ______ is a stabilizing contraction in which minimal or no joint motion occurs
intention
123
This type of contraction is most effective for facilitating and training core muscle contractions throughout the body
isometric
124
When applying resistance to promote an isometric contraction, one should give careful consideration to the _________ or ________ which occurs during the course of contraction. An analysis of this overflow can give valuable input about the functional or structural integrity of the patient's body
overflow or irradiation
125
Manual contact improves the direction of movement by enhancing a specific manual contact, it does this by decreasing conflicting sensory input created by ______ _____ or commonly used _____ ______ grips
multiple contacts, wrap around
