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Online Test Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

Acute illness

A

Sudden onset, easily diagnosed, short duration, responds well to treatments/interventions

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2
Q

Chronic illness

A

slow onset + progression (Eg. diabetes mellitus, emphysema, arthritis, cancer, asthma – comorbidities)

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3
Q

Chronic disease cycle

A

Sometimes unpredictable in disease cycle (unlike acute) – unpredictable in how someone presents

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4
Q

Psychological changes due to chronic disease

A

depression, anxiety (what is happening, how will it progress), loss of identity + roles (patient role), grief of past life without symptoms, self-esteem changes, relationship change

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5
Q

Symptoms of chronic disease

A

Pain, Fatigue, Breathing difficulties, Emotional disturbance, Physical disturbances

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6
Q

Lifestyle Changes due to chronic disease

A

Fatigue, Less active, Isolation, Productivity, Occupational performance changes

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7
Q

Self Management approach

A
  • Education
  • Changing negative learnt behaviours
  • Strength based approach
  • Client resources
  • Client is responsible for their own health
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8
Q

Role of the client in self management

A

Gather important info
Make important decisions
Delegate
Prioritise
Advise
Reflect and review
Make changes

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9
Q

Gather important information

A

For empowerment
- Education regarding symptoms, management, interpreting test results
- Supply community resources
- Identify needs and wants if healthcare plan

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10
Q

Client perspective of gathering important information

A
  • What information can I gather to have the ability to make important decisions regarding my healthcare journey, my care plan, my medication, etc.
  • What are my needs + wants about my care plan + management
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11
Q

Make important decisions

A

Regarding your healthcare journey and team that aligns with your attitudes, beliefs and goals

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12
Q

Delegate

A

Sharing of responsibilities and activities eg. With loved ones

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13
Q

Priorities

A

What activities/appointments/relationships are key (how to grade, adapt, pace activity)

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14
Q

Advise

A

Communication regarding symptoms, situation based on strengths + abilities
- Communication with friends, family, peers with similar conditions

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15
Q

Reflect and review

A

Management style: too overbearing or too little communication of needs?
Treatments: are they effective, what are the costs
Symptoms
Enablers and barriers
Lifestyle
Activities: am I prioritising too much or too little

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16
Q

Define make and implement change

A

Different treatments, healthcare team, role + routines based on attitudes, beliefs

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17
Q

Domains of self management

A

Medical management
Role management
Emotional management

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18
Q

Self management outcomes

A
  • Empower person in decision making + to take control so the condition does not become all encompassing
  • Maintains a sense of “normality”
  • Motivation
  • Enjoyment
  • Fulfilment
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19
Q

Factors to consider with pain intervention

A
  • Confidence
  • Realistic Aims
  • Environment
  • Supports
  • Health
  • Capabilities
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20
Q

Modes of influence in self-management

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Self efficacy
  2. Enactive attainments: past success
  3. Vicarious experiences: others past success
  4. Verbal persuasion: encouragement from others
  5. Cognitive processing
21
Q

Pain

Study These Flashcards
A

Warns body of damage (doesn’t always mean tissue damage has occurred)

22
Q

Person factors of pain perception

Study These Flashcards
A

History of pain
Stress
Environment

23
Q

Chronic pain intervention

Study These Flashcards
A

Retrain brain + NS (sensitivity)
Medication
Lifestyle changes
Meditation
Stress management

24
Q

Effect of pain

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A

Affects mood and stress levels (reducing stress to calm the NS and pain)

25
Effects of past experiences of pain
Pain is a memory allowing us to react next time we feel something similar eg. May feel fear doing a task that previously hurt eg. breaking a bone in the past
26
Pain process
Nociceptors ➡️ peripheral nerves ➡️ dorsal horn ➡️ limbic system, thalamus + sensory context to figure what is going on ➡️ signal sent down efferent pathways to the effected area
27
Thermoreceptors
Temperature change
28
Mechanoreceptors
Detect changes to the membrane eg, stretch, twist, compression
29
Mechanoreceptors: tactile receptors
Sensation of touch, vibration and variation
30
Mechanoreceptors: baroreceptors
Changes to BV walls, sections of the urinary, digestive and reproductive tracts
31
Mechanoreceptors: proprioception
Monitors the position of muscles and joints
32
Chemoreceptors
Changes to chemicals in blood
33
Results in more intense pain
More nociceptors firing simultaneously
34
Type of pain
Different pain feelings help determine which nociceptors are firing
35
Interventions of pain
Distraction Understanding pain
36
Peripheral nerve process
1. Nociceptors detect harmful stimuli 2. Relay information via electrical impulse along peripheral nerve 3. Information sent to spinal cord dorsal horn (targets body region on homunculus) 4. Speed of process varies eg. sore stomach can creep up on us slowly – fibres relay information slowly (depends on length + speed of nociceptors) 5. Severe pain transmits instantly (bodies way of grading severity eg. fast pain = ↑ severity)
37
Afferent pathway
Occurs in the periphery and travels to the spinal cord and brain
38
Pain pathway (summary)
1. Pain signals travel along pathways through the body, information on pain is received by cells in the dorsal horn 2. Passed on to higher centres in the brain along tracts in the spinal cord 3. Action is processed and taken by the brain centres
39
Hypothalamus
Emotional changes due to pain Maintain homeostasis
40
Thalamus
Interprets pain message Sends message to cerebral cortex Sends message to limbic system to produce emotion to pain eg. Anger, fear, anxiety, etc.
41
Cerebral cortex
Assess injury/damage, finding the site and assessing the damage Higher processes occur (logic, reasoning, thinking) Allows brain to retrain in relation to pain
42
Factors impacting communication regarding sleep
Lack of sleep (Decline in cognitive abilities, Slower processing) Irritability Impacts language & tone Withdrawing socially/isolation Feelings of frustration, anger towards practitioners & others Anxiety Pain itself
43
Communication & Awareness Reference Group (CARG)
Identifies communication needs of people living with chronic pain & conditions: Listen Be sincere Understand the consumers feelings Non-verbal cues Believe the consumer Ask questions Avoid harmful words Compassion Honesty Pain is individual
44
CARG: Understand the consumers feelings
Validate fear May underreport symptoms due to not wanting to be a burden
45
Motivational interviewing
Promotes effective behaviour change & adherence towards recovery Empowers person to take control & become independent (autonomy) Addresses fear avoidance behaviours Creates self-efficacy for person
46
Co-design
To discover unique perspectives through collaboration and to include user and stakeholder opinions in key decisions
47
Culturally appropriate communication styles
Story sharing: learning through narrative Learning maps: mapping/visualising processes Non-verbal: utilising intra-personal & kinesthetic skills Symbols & images: images & metaphors for understanding concepts Land links: place-based learning Non-linear Deconstruct/reconstruct: modelling (showing the whole picture) & scaffolding (breaking it down into bit by bit) Community links: connections to real-life purposes, contexts & communities
48
VR uses
To retrain the brain & distract the mind (i.e. change perception of pain).

Health Management (3 decks)

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