Onset of Labor, Early Labor, First Stage of Labor Flashcards
(58 cards)
admission before active labor increases risk of:
use of oxytocin rate of C/S use of epidural fetal scalp electrode IUPCs
ketonuria is indicative of:
inadequate nutrition
Friedman’s definition of prolonged latent phase of labor
greater than 20 hours in a nulliparous woman and more than 14 hours in a multiparous woman
which medication has the longest half-life? Morphine Nubain Demerol Fentanyl
Demerol
SE of epidural
fever, hypotension
epidurals increase risk of:
operative vaginal birth
dextrose IV fluids in labor increases risk of:
newborn lactic acidosis, jaundice and hypoglycemia
women \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are more likely to experience: diagnosis of active phase arrest amnionitis C/S birth oxytocin augmentation epidural use fetal scalp electrodes IUPCs
admitted prior to active labor
Friedman defined the onset of ACTIVE labor as the time when:
the RATE of dilation increases
Friedman found that the median dilation at the point of faster progress of labor (his definition of active labor) was about ___ centimeters
3
Friedman himself points out that is not accurate to define active labor based on _____________ as there is considerable variation among women
a particular dilation
Contemporary research shows that many women are not in active labor until __ - __ centimeters
5-6
based on the false assumption that this will be useful in diagnosing the phase of labor BUT there is no evidence to support this practice and it may have the negative result of increasing fatigue
recommendation of walking in early labor
_________________ in early labor should be based on individual woman’s circumstance NOT duration of early labor
medical intervention (sleeping pills, sedatives, etc.)
the CNM can increase diagnostic accuracy of ____ by:
- taking a thorough history
- knowing the reasons for false negatives/positives
- NOT relying on just one diagnostic test
ROM
causes for false positives in ROM pH testing:
blood semen urine BV infection trich infection
cause for false positives in ROM pH testing:
not enough fluid present
drying amniotic fluid for 10 minutes then using microscope to observe for ferning
aborization (ferning)
causes for false positives in ROM aborization testing:
possible fingerprints on slide
cervical mucus
semen
significant amount of blood
cause for false positives in ROM aborization testing:
not enough fluid present
operator error
Actim PROM
Amnisure ROM
tests that detect biomarkers present in amniotic fluid
rapid immunoassays
causes for false positives in ROM rapid immunoassay testing:
significant bleeding
higher vaginal concentration of biomarkers with labor
causes for false negatives in ROM rapid immunoassay testing:
not enough fluid present
operator error
some studies show high false ___________ rates of rapid immunoassay ROM tests if there are any symptoms of labor
positive
