Oogenesis, Spermatogenesis, and the male and female reproductive systems Flashcards Preview

QCAA Biology Unit 4 > Oogenesis, Spermatogenesis, and the male and female reproductive systems > Flashcards

Flashcards in Oogenesis, Spermatogenesis, and the male and female reproductive systems Deck (28)
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1
Q

Gametes:

A

sex cells produced for the purpose of sexual reproduction

2
Q

Male gametes and their function:

A

sperm - highly mobile, produced in large numbers, live for approximately 48 hours

3
Q

Female gametes and their function:

A

eggs or ova - large, few in number, immobile, live for approximately 12-24 hours after ovulation

4
Q

Mature Egg structure -

Follicle cells:

A

provide nutrients to support the early development of the fertilised egg

5
Q

Mature Egg structure -

Zona Pellucida:

A

consists of glycoprotein that protects the egg and prevents entry of sperm

6
Q

Mature Egg structure -

1st Polar body:

A

not required and breaks down

7
Q

Mature Egg structure -

Nucleus:

A

Haploid (n) contains 23 chromosomes to be passed from mother to child

8
Q

Mature Egg structure -

Cytoplasm:

A

contains nutrients to support the early development of fertilised egg

9
Q

Mature Egg structure -

Cortical granules:

A

makes the zona pellucida impenetrable to sperm (after fertilisation) to prevent polyspermy

10
Q

Female Reproductive System -

Uterus:

A

provides protection, nutrients and waste removal for the developing fetus - muscular walls contract to aid birthing process

11
Q

Female Reproductive System -

Fallopian tube:

A

connects the ovary to the uterus - fertilisation of the egg occurs here

12
Q

Female Reproductive System -

Ovary:

A

eggs are stored, develop, and mature here - produced estrogen and progesterone

13
Q

Female Reproductive System -

Endometrium:

A

develops each month in readiness for the implantation of a fertilised egg - site of implantation becomes the placenta

14
Q

Female Reproductive System -

Cervix:

A

muscular opening/entrance to the uterus - closes to protect the developing fetus and opens to form the birth canal

15
Q

Female Reproductive System -

Vagina:

A

accepts the penis during sexual intercourse and sperm is received here - combined with the cervix to form the birth canal

16
Q

Mature Sperm Structure -

Aerosome:

A

contains enzymes which can digest the zona pellucida

17
Q

Mature Sperm Structure -

Nucleus:

A

contains 23 chromosomes to be passed from father to child

18
Q

Mature Sperm Structure -

Midpiece:

A

Possesses helical mitochondria which provides the ATP required for swimming and other processes

19
Q

Mature Sperm Structure -

Flagellum:

A

contains protein fibres and microtubules to strengthen the tail and allow movement

20
Q

Male Reproductive System -

Vas deferens:

A

carries sperm to the penis during ejaculation

21
Q

Male Reproductive System -

Prostate gland:

A

adds alkaline fluids that neutralise the vaginal acids

22
Q

Male Reproductive System -

Urethra:

A

delivers semen during ejaculation and urine during excretion

23
Q

Male Reproductive System -

Penis/erectile muscle:

A

muscles become erect to penetrate the vagina during sexual intercourse

24
Q

Male Reproductive System -

Seminal vesicle:

A

adds nutrients including fructose sugar for respiration along with mucus to protect sperm

25
Q

Male Reproductive System -

Epididymis:

A

sperm matures here and becomes able to move

26
Q

Male Reproductive System -

Testis (pl. testes):

A

produces testosterone along with millions of sperm daily

27
Q

Male Reproductive System -

Scrotum:

A

protects and holds the testes outside the body in order to maintain a lower optimum temperature for sperm production

28
Q

Oogenesis and Spermatogenesis:

A

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