Operant And Cognitive Approaches

Question 0

Operant response

Answer 0

Response that can be modified by its consequences and is a meaningful unit of ongoing behavior that can be easily measured

Question 1

Operant conditioning

Answer 1

Kings of learning in which a human performs some behavior and the following consequence ( reward or punishment) increases or decreases the chance that the behavior will be preformed again

Question 2

Reinforcement

Answer 2

Consequence that occurs after a behavior and increases the chance that it will occur again

Question 3

Punishment

Answer 3

Consequence that occurs after a behavior and decrease the chance of the behavior occurring again

Question 4

Pics

Answer 4

Behavioral order, involving eating inedible objects or unhealthy substances

Question 5

Positive reinforcement

Answer 5

The presentation that a stimulus that increases the probability that a behavior will occur

Question 6

Negative reinforcement

Answer 6

Refers to an aversive (unpleasant) stimulus whose removal increases the likelihood that the preceding response will occur again

Question 7

Positive punishment

Answer 7

Presenting an aversive ( unpleasant) stimulus after a response

Question 8

Negative punishment

Answer 8

Removing a reinforcing stimulus after a response

Question 9

Schedule of reinforcement

Answer 9

A rule that determines how and when the occurrence of a response will be followed by a reinforcer

Question 10

Cumulative record

Answer 10

Continuous written record that shows an animals or humans individual responses and reinforcements

Question 11

Continuous reinforcement

Answer 11

Every occurrence of the operant response results in delivery of the reinforcer

Question 12

Partial reinforcer

Answer 12

A situation in which responding is reinforced only some of the time

Question 13

Fixed ratio schedule

Answer 13

A reinforcer occurs only after number of responses are made by the subject

Question 14

Variable ratio schedule

Answer 14

A reinforcer is delivered after an average number of correct responses has occurred

Question 15

Fixed interval schedule

Answer 15

Reinforcer occurs following the first response that occurs after a fixed interval of time

Question 16

Variable interval schedule

Answer 16

A reinforcer occurs following the first correct response after an averaged amount of time has passed

Question 17

Cognitive learning

Answer 17

Mental processes, such as attention and memory, it may be learned through observation or imitation and it may not involve any external rewards or require a person to preform any observable behavior’s

Question 18

Cognitive map

Answer 18

Mental representation in the brain of the layout of an environment and its feature

Question 19

Social cognitive learning

Answer 19

Results from watching, imitating, and modeling and does not require the observer to preform any observable behavior or receive any observable reward

Question 20

Learning performance distinction

Answer 20

Learning may occur but may not always be measured by or immediately evident in performance

Question 21

Social cognitive theory

Answer 21

The importance of observation, imitation, and self reward in the development and learning of social skills, personal interactions, and many other behavior’s

Question 22

Insight

Answer 22

Sudden and expected solution to a problem

Question 23

Biological factors

Answer 23

Innate tendencies or predispositions that may either facilitate or inhibit certain kinds of learning

Question 24

Ethnologists

Answer 24

Behavioral biologist who observe and study animals behavior in the animals natural habitat

Question 25

Imprinting

Answer 25

Inherited tendencies that are displayed by newborn animals when they encounter certain stimuli in their environment

Question 26

Critical or sensitive period

Answer 26

Relatively brief time during which learning is most likely to occur

Question 27

Behavior modification

Answer 27

Treatment or therapy that changes problems or undesirable behavior by using principles of learning based on operant conditioning, classical, and social cognitive conditioning

Question 28

Biofeedback

Answer 28

Training procedure through which a person is made aware of his or her physiological responses