OPERANT CONDITIONING

Question 1

use a food reward to guide the dog into the desired position/behavior.

Answer 1

Lure A Behavior

Question 2

similar to luring, but no food in hand. Move body in a way to encourage the desired action, rather than let the food itself be the focus.

Answer 2

Prompting

Question 3

is the reinforcement of successive approximations of a desired behavior. (involves reinforcing behaviors that are closer to the target behavior)

Answer 3

Shaping

Question 4

waits for the learner to initiate a behavior him or herself.

Answer 4

Free-Shaping

Question 5

is when an animal performs more than one behavior before earning positive reinforcement. (sit, stay, lay down… THEN treat)

Answer 5

chain behavior

Question 6

When the unwanted behavior gets worse before it gets better during the onset of being ignored.

e.g: The dog is saying this to itself. “Hey, this always worked before. I must not be jumping high enough or biting hard enough. Somehow they’re just not noticing me. I must have to try harder”

Answer 6

Extinction Burst

Question 7

stimulus that causes a change in the environment, has no effect on the dog

Answer 7

Neutral stimulant

Question 8

stimulus that stands out in the environment, the dog notices more than other environment stimuli

Answer 8

Salient stimulant

Question 9

stimulus that causes a change of state in the dog, that causes dog to perform a specific behavior

Answer 9

Discriminative stimulant

Question 10

Coercing a dog into a desired position.

e.g. Many trainers get a down by stepping on the dog’s leash so that it is so short the dog is pulled into a down position through force applied to the collar.

Answer 10

Molding/”Getting Behavior”

Question 11

What are the 4 quadrants of Operant Conditioning?

Answer 11

Positive Reinforcement, Negative Punishment, Positive Punishment, Negative Reinforcement

Question 12

Each behavior in the Chain (behavior) reinforces the previously performed behavior. *makes for strong reinforcement history & dog will remember them extremely well

Answer 12

Back Chaining

Question 13

Technique used to breakup tension i social encounters & to keep dogs safe by firmly stepping forward, arms crossed and into dog’s space

Answer 13

Body Blocking

Question 14

Salivation, nausea, increased or decreased heart rate, pupil dilation or constriction, or even a reflexive motor response (such as touching a hot stove) are examples of

Answer 14

involuntary responses

Question 15

Technique of safely exposing the pet to the stimulus at a level at or below which fear is likely to be exhibited. (Introduce dog to stimulus slowly, step-by-step, so that dog is able to cope adequately, starting from a distance far enough away so dog is not reactive to it.)
(ex: nail dremmel. dog’s terrified. so you leave dremmel lying around house for dog to examine. At times rub it on her. Later turn it on from across room, next turned on- touch dog with the cord so dog can feel vibration etc. etc. until the dog is comfortable with dremmel being used on dog’s nails.)

Answer 15

Desensitization

Question 16

• An extinction procedure in which the conditioned stimulus is presented with the unconditioned stimulus.
• Dog is exposed to stimulus in full force with the hope that dog will habituate to it.

(Not recommended. It’s very likely that this technique will end up ‘sensitizing’ the dog to the stimulus, therefore making dog ore fearful to the stimulus. Use last resort)

Answer 16

Flooding

Question 17

Pros & Cons of Flooding

Answer 17

Pros-
-normally, its a quick procedure.
-if everything’s done right, it works in most cases.
Cons-
-The dog may bite the handler, which will ruin using the technique and can actually teach the dog to resolve future conflict situations by biting
-The dog may escape which will just train him to fight even harder every time he is in a conflicting situation, because the dog learns that it is possible to escape the threat.
-If something is done incorrectly, it is highly possible for the dog to end up in a more serious state than before

Question 18

Technique used to change the pet’s attitude or emotional response to a stimulus. Response substitution is a technique in which the pet is taught, using reinforcement-based techniques, to replace the undesirable behavior with one that is desirable.

Answer 18

Counter-Conditioning

Question 19

What are each of these examples of?

1. ) Adding a food reward to encourage good behavior (obedience)
2. ) Adding leash correction to discourage bad behavior (disobedience)
3. ) Removing leash pressure to encourage good behavior (obedience)
4. ) Remove something like a toy or free roaming (crate dog) to discourage bad behavior (disobedience)
5. ) You ignore & make no reaction to sharp puppy nibbles in hope that your dog gives up the behavior on it’s own until he no longer gets a response from you and gets bored of biting. Dog stops completely

Answer 19

1. +Positive Reinforcement
2. +Positive Punishment
3. -Negative Reinforcement
4. -Negative Punishment
5. Extinction

Question 20

The disappearance of a behavior through lack of reinforcement. One technique of solving certain types of behavior problems is to do nothing.

Answer 20

Extinction

Question 21

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING SITUATION: Trainer asks dog, “Do you want a treat?”. Dog lays there wagging it’s tail.
What is the conditioned stimulus?
What is the conditioned response?
What is the unconditioned stimulus?

Answer 21

CS= “Do you want a treat?”

CR= Dog’s happy / Tail wagging

US= The treat itself

Question 22

What stimulant has no effect on the dog?

ex: A bell. Without being trained to do anything with it

Answer 22

Neutral Stimulant

Question 23

Which stimulant does the dog notice more than the environmental stimuli and is natural, inborn, automatic

ex: Food… response is salivating.

Answer 23

Salient Stimulant

Question 24

Which stimulant changes the state of the dog and causes dog to perform a specific behavior?

ex: Sound of treat bag shaking, dog salivates and pays attn to it.

Answer 24

Discriminative Stimulant

Question 25

A thing/event that evokes a specific function/reaction

Answer 25

Stimulus

Question 26

Unconditioned, Conditioned, Neutral, Salient & Discriminative are each a type of Stimulus that is what type of conditioning?

Answer 26

Classical Conditioning

Question 27

Stimulus that dog has a natural response to

ex: dog salivates to seeing it’s food.

Answer 27

Unconditioned Stimulus

Question 28

Stimulus that dog is made taught to do

ex: Dog hears bell, does nothing. But when dog hears bell and while being rewarded a treat, now dog is ready for bell to ring and receive its reward.

Answer 28

Conditioned Stimulus
(plus the dog just made a conditioned response to the bell)

Question 29

Response that has to happen in every place/time/during any distraction

Answer 29

Generalization

Question 30

Stimuli that are not noticed by dog because there are more salient stimuli around. Salient overshadows many other stimuli.

Answer 30

Overshadowing

Question 31

The ability to choose between 2 or more differnet things. (can be hard to teach)

Answer 31

Discrimination

Question 32

• what happens when rewards are o longer given.
• behavior is degraded until no longer offered.
• this isn’t unlearning, dog is simply learning a new rule.

Answer 32

What happens when Extinction occurs

Question 33

A phenomenon that occurs when the use of a known cue overrides the dog’s ability to learn a new cue for the same behavior.

ex: “sit” means sit. it can’t mean “lay down”. BUT dog can learn several cues that mean “sit”

ex #2: Making a fist & saying “sit”

Answer 33

Blocking

Question 34

What happens to a less Salient Stimuli?

Answer 34

They are overshadowed

Question 35

focused on prevention in general. It aims to limit the number of times dog performs the unwanted behavior by identifying and eliminating environmental cues which may trigger it.

Answer 35

Stimulus Control