Operations And Community Paramedicine Flashcards

Question

What is a mass casualty accident MCI?

Answer 1

An event in which the number of patients exceeds the resources available to the initial responders

Answer 2

Open incident: has a number of casualties not yet located when you answer the initial call Closed incident: is a contained incident in which patients are found in one focal location and the situation is not expected to produce more patients

Answer 3

Span of control refers to the number of resources for which a supervisor is responsible for, usually expressed as a ratio of supervisors to responders To maintain effective communication and management you should limit the number of subordinates to 3-7, or optimally 5

Answer 4

Operations Planning Logistics Finance

Answer 5

Safety officer: monitors the scene for conditions and operations that may present a hazard to responders or patients Liaison officer: relays information and concerns among command, the general staff, and other agencies Public information officer: provides the public and media with clear and understandable information as well as keeping the media safe from the incident

Answer 6

A single command system has one person in charge and is generally used with small incidents that involve only one agency or jurisdiction. A unified command system plans are drawn up by cooperating agencies that assume a shared responsibility for decision making and cooperation in multiagency or multijurisdictional response.

Answer 7

IC may turn over command to someone with more experience in a critical area. This change or transfer of command must take place in an orderly manor and if possible face to face.

Answer 8

What do I have? What do I need to do? What resources do I need?

Answer 9

Triage officer: ensure every patient gets initial assessment of their condition Treatment officer: set up a treatment area, ensure adequate care is given, and move patients to the transportation area Transportation officer: coordinates the transportation and distribution of of patients to appropriate receiving hospitals

Answer 10

Total number of patients Number of patients in each of the categories Recommendations for extrication and movement of patients Resources needed to complete triage and begin moving patients

Answer 11

Red or Immediate (first priority) Yellow or delayed (second priority) Green or minimal (third priority) Black or expectant (likely to die, fourth priority)

Answer 12

START triage uses a limited assessment of the patients ability to walk, respiratory status, hemodynamic status, and neurologic status. Step 1: call out “if you can hear my voice and are able to walk go to…” (minimal/green patients) Step 2: open the airway of non-ambulatory patients, if the patient breathes more than 30 breaths/min they are red/immediate if breathing does not begin after repositioning triage as expectant/black Step 3: check for radial pulse, an absent radial pulse needs immediate/red treatment, if a radial pulse is found continue assessment Step 4: assess the patient’s ability to follow simple commands, unable to follow commands is an immediate/red patient, a patient that can follow commands is delayed/yellow

Answer 13

SALT or Sort, Assess, Lifesaving interventions, Treatment and transport triage system differs from START triage by having 5 patient categories. Black tags are assigned to patients that are dead and should not be moved Grey tags are assigned to patients who are not expected to survive given available resources

Answer 14

Aerospace Biotechnology Chemicals Communications Information technology Mining Metallurgy Nuclear energy Oil Natural gas

Answer 15

The abbreviation CBRNE refers to Chemical, Biological, Radioactive, Nuclear, and Explosive events or agents.

Answer 16

Violent religious groups/ doomsday cults Extremist political groups Technology terrorists Single issue groups

Answer 17

Viruses Bacteria Neurotoxins

Answer 18

Vesicants or blister agents Pulmonary or choking agents Nerve agents Metabolic or blood agents Irritating agents

Answer 19

That means that the public safety community generally has no prior knowledge of the time, location, or nature of the attack.

Answer 20

Pre-incident indicators Type of location Type of call Number of patients Victims statement

Answer 21

Terrorists have been known to plant additional explosives that are set to explode after the initial bomb. This type of secondary device is intended to injure responders and and to secure media coverage.

Answer 22

Persistency and volatility describe how long an agent will stay on the surface before it evaporates

Answer 23

Describes how the agent most effectively enters the body Examples include contact hazard that enters through the skin or vapour hazard that enters through the respiratory tract.

Answer 24

A- highest protecting including SCBA and a fully encapsulating suit (designed for the hot zone) B- second highest protection including a liquid splash suit and SCBA C- provides liquid splash protection and allows for respiratory protection other than SCBA D- Coveralls, a tyvek suit, or bunker gear only

Answer 25

Skin irritation, burning, redness Immediate and intense skin pain Formation of large blisters Grey discolouration of the skin Swollen and closed or irritated eyes Permanent eye injury

Answer 26

Shortness of breath Burning or tightness in the chest Hoarseness or stridor Gasping and coughing Watery eyes or drooling

Answer 27

Sarin (GB): highly volatile colourless and odourless liquid that turns into gas within seconds at room temperature. Soman (GD): twice as persistent as Sarin and 5 times more lethal, it has a fruity odour and generally no colour. Tabun (GA): approximately half as lethal as Sarin and 36 times more persistent, also has a fruity smell and under proper conditions will remain for several days

Answer 28

Miosis: bilateral pinpoint pupil constriction as a result of nerve agent exposure

Answer 29

Salivation Lacrimation Urination Defection Gastrointestinal distress Emesis Miosis

Answer 30

Defecation Urination Miosis Bradycardia/ Bronchoconstriction Emesis Lacrimation Salivation

Answer 31

Shortness of breath or gasping respirations Tachypnea Flushed skin colour Tachycardia Altered mental status Seizures Coma Apnea Cardiac arrest

Answer 32

Dissemination: the means by which a terrorist spreads the agent Disease vector: an animal that spreads the disease to another animal Communicability: how easily the disease spreads from one human to another

Answer 33

Early symptoms: temp. 38-40°C and headaches Later symptoms: rash and blisters (lesions are identical in development)

Answer 34

flu like symptoms leading to internal and external hemorrhage

Answer 35

A deadly bacteria that lies dormant in spores. When exposed to optimal temp. and moisture they are released and may enter the body through inhalation, cutaneous, of gastrointestinal routes. Manifests as severe cold, itchy raised bump that may develop a black centre, swollen lymph nodes

Answer 36

Bubonic: the plague infects the lymph nodes causing them to swell up to the size of a tennis ball, if left untreated may lead to sepsis or death Pneumonic: the plague infects the lungs with a much higher death rate than bubonic

Answer 37

They are the deadliest substances known to humans. The most potent neurotoxin is botulinum.

Answer 38

Ingestion or inhalation: Fever Chills Nausea Muscle aches Headache Ingestion only: Vomiting Diarrhea Abdominal cramping Dehydration GI bleeding Inhalation only: Eyes, nose, throat irritation Profuse sweating Chest pain Nonproductive cough Dyspnea Pulmonary Edema Cyanosis Convulsions

Answer 39

Alpha: least harmful Beta: slightly more penetrating than alpha Gamma: more penetrating that alpha and beta, requires several cm of lead to stop them Neutron: easily penetrate lead and require several metres of concrete to stop them

Answer 40

Radioactive exposure: exposure occurred but the body is not necessarily contaminated External contamination: the skin was contaminated but the inside of the body is not necessarily contaminated yet Internal contamination: the inside of the body is contaminated

Answer 41

A device that detects alpha, beta, and gamma radiation

Answer 42

Time: the less time you are you are exposed, the less the effects will be Distance: radiation is limited in how far is can travel, moving a few feet may take you out of danger Shielding: specific objects can stop the path of radiation, clothing, lead, concrete etc.

Answer 43

A complex rescue incident involving vehicle extrication, water rescue, ice rescue, confined space, structural collapse, high angle rescue, or hazardous materials in which specially trained personnel and equipment is needed.

Answer 44

Awareness Operations Technician

Answer 45

Written standard operation procedures (SOPs) that are familiar to every member of the team

Answer 46

Be safe Follow orders Work as a team Think Follow the golden rule of public service (have a rescuer stay with the patient)

Answer 47

Failure to understand the environment or underestimate it Additional medical problems not considered Inadequate rescue skills Lack of teamwork or experience Underestimating the logistics of the incident Rescue vs. Recovery not considered Equipment not mastered

Answer 48

Preparation Response Arrival and assessment Stabilization Access Disentanglement Removal Transport

Answer 49

Hot zone: the zone immediately surrounding the incident, only rescue teams should be here Warm zone: this is where trained personnel and decontamination teams stage Cold zone: the outer perimeter where vehicles, equipment, and the command post are located. The public and media should be kept clear of the cold zone at all times

Answer 50

Location of incident Nature of incident Number of patients trapped or injured Condition and position of patients Condition and position of vehicles Nature and severity of injuries Special hazard information Name of person calling and call back information

Answer 51

Scope of incident Risk and benefit analysis Number and severity of patients Hazards Access and egress Environmental factors Available and necessary resources Establish a perimeter

Answer 52

They burn bright blue, give off very little smoke, and can be hard to see on a clear day

Answer 53

Stabilize the vehicle, most commonly done with cribbing, step blocks, or wedges

Answer 54

choose the window farthest from the patient, give a verbal warning by saying “breaking glass”, and break it from the corner

Answer 55

Displace the seat Remove the windshield Displace the dash Displace the roof

Answer 56

A structure that is not designed for continuous occupancy and that usually has limited openings for entry and exit. Confined spaces present dangers because they may house toxic gases or oxygen deficient atmosphere.

Answer 57

Hydrogen sulphide (H2S): colourless, toxic, and flammable gas released as bacteria break down in the absence of oxygen Carbon monoxide (CO): colourless odourless tasteless gas that can result in severe poisoning because it’s affinity for hemoglobin is 200-250x that of oxygen Carbon dioxide (CO2): colourless gas that causes asphyxiation and is the primary waste product of aerobic metabolism Methane (CH4): the primary component of natural gas and will ignite and burn at much lower concentrations that pan will cause asphyxiation Ammonia (NH4): a toxic, corrosive chemical with a pungent odour, lighter than air Nitrogen dioxide (NO2): a red/brown gas that has a characteristic sharp, biting odour and is toxic when inhaled

Answer 58

In trenches less than 4 m deep and 2 m wide. In a collapse, a person is suddenly covered with heavy soil resulting in asphyxiation.

Answer 59

Water causes heat loss 25% faster than air. Immersion in 4°C water for 15-20 minutes is likely to be fatal. Humans cannot maintain body heat in water that is less than 32°C

Answer 60

HELP requires a PFD and consists of drawing the knees close to the chest, pressing the arms close to the side of the body, and keeping the head and neck out of the water. It can decrease heat loss by up to 60% compared to treading water.

Answer 61

When the body is submerged in water colder than 21°C heat is conducted from the body to the water, the resulting in hypothermia can protect vital organs from the lack of oxygen.

Answer 62

Anytime you are within 3 metres of the water

Answer 63

Reach: attempt to reach out to the threatened person with anything readily available Throw: if you cannot reach the person throw something like a life preserver or throw bag Row: if you cannot reach the person by throwing something you may be able to row out to the person in a small boat or canoe Go: as a last resort, go into the water to save the person. Only go into the water if you are a capable swimmer trained in water rescue

Answer 64

The submersion has resulted from a diving mishap or fall The patient is unresponsive with no further information of the incident The patient is responsive but reports weakness, paralysis, or numbness in the arms or legs You suspect the possibility of spinal injury regardless of witness reports

Answer 65

Low angle rope rescue incidents have a slope of less than 45°, rescuers depend on the ground as their primary support and the rope as a secondary means of support . High angle angle rope rescue incidents have a slope of greater than 45°, rescuers are dependant on a life safety rope and not a fixed support.

Answer 66

6 rescuers, with an extra 6 ready to be rotated in if the patient needs to be carried a long distance

Answer 67

Rappelling is descent technique defined as descending on a fixed rope. Scrambling is a method used to ascend rocky faces and ridges, described as a cross between rock climbing and hill climbing

Answer 68

On buildings or in areas where DG are produced, used, or stored On trucks and railroad cars that transport DG On drums or other storage vessels that contain hazardous material

Answer 69

If you approach a scene where more than one person has collapsed, is unconscious, or in respiratory distress

Answer 70

The standard rule of thumb for hazardous materials incidents says that if the entire incident cannot be covered by your thumb held out at arms length , you are too close.

Answer 71

A bill of lading identifies hazards being transported that should be carried by a trucker in the cab A waybill identifies hazards transported by train and is carried by the conductor

Answer 72

The 704 symbol is shaped like a diamond with 4 colours representing a different characteristic of the hazardous material each with hazard level from 0-4. Blue: health Red: flammability Yellow: reactivity White: special information

Answer 73

Level 0: materials that would cause little if any health hazard Level 1: materials that would cause irritation on contact but only mild residual injury Level 2: materials that could cause temporary damage or lasting injury if not promptly treated Level 3: includes materials that are extremely hazardous to health Level 4: includes materials that are so hazardous that minimal contact would cause death

Answer 74

Primary: the direct exposure to a hazardous material Secondary: takes place when a hazardous material is transferred by on other person or object

Answer 75

The greater the length of time exposed or the greater the concentration of the material, the greater the effect probably will be on the human body.

Answer 76

If the air temp. becomes hotter the vapour pressure of a hazardous material will increase

Answer 77

Flash point is the lowest temp. that a material can create a spark Ignition temp. is the temp. that the material will sustain burning

Answer 78

Lower explosive limit: the minimum required concentration of a material in the air to burn or explode. Upper explosive limit: the maximum concentration of a material that allows the presence of oxygen for combustion.

Answer 79

TLV: the maximum concentration of a toxin that a person that someone can be exposed to during a 40 hour work week. TLV-STEL: the concentration of a toxin that a person can be exposed to for a limited number of brief time periods per day (Ex. Four 15 minute exposures) TLV-CL: the concentration of a toxin that a person should never be exposed to

Answer 80

Dilution: copious amounts of water to wash off the substance, may be assisted with soap or brushes Absorption: large pads or towels are used to soak up the liquid and remove it from the patient Neutralization: involves the use of a chemical to change the material into a less hazardous substance Disposal: remove the patient’s clothing

Answer 81

Any gas that displaces oxygen from the atmosphere

Answer 82

Becoming so completely involved with patient care that you fail to see the possibility of physical harm to the patient or other care providers.

Answer 83

Record the license plate number of the patient’s vehicle

Answer 84

A minimum of 6 metres behind at a 10° angle to the drivers side

Answer 85

A doorway where one can be easily seen but is difficult to move out of

Answer 86

Identity Respect Recognition Love Belonging Money Fear

Answer 87

Reputation Respect Retaliation

Answer 88

Cover objects such as trees, utility poles, mail boxes, dumpsters, and vehicles are difficult for bullets to penetrate. Tall grass, shrubs, or dark shadows are areas that offer concealment where you may not be seen but you are not protected.

Answer 89

Surveillance Capture Transport Holding Move Resolution

Answer 90

What did you see? What did you hear? What was done with evidence taken from the victim?

Operations And Community Paramedicine Flashcards

(115 cards)