Operations and Maintenance

Question 1

A systematic management process of planning and budgeting for known future cyclical repair and replacement requirements that extend the life and retain the usable condition of facilities and systems, not normally contained in the annual operating budget. Includes major activities that have a maintenance cycle in excess of one year (e.g., replace roofs, paint buildings, resurface roads).

Answer 1

Capital Renewal/Replacement

Question 2

A comparative industry indicator/benchmark used to indicate the relative physical condition of a facility, group of buildings, or entire portfolio “independent” of building type, construction type, location, or cost.

Answer 2

Facilities Condition Index (FCI Index)

Question 3

Total dollar amount of existing maintenance repairs and required replacements (capital renewal) that were not accomplished when they should have been, not funded in the current fiscal year, or otherwise deferred.

Answer 3

Deferred Maintenance (DM) Backlog

Question 4

Instead of periodic and stand-alone studies of elements of the capital needs of an institution, this model defines six phases of an integrated and comprehensive (“soup-to-nuts”) planning process.

Answer 4

Strategic Capital Development Model

Question 5

Continuous systematic approach to identifying, assessing, prioritizing, and maintaining the specific maintenance, repair, renewal, and replacement requirements for all facility assets.

Answer 5

Facilities Condition Assessment

Question 6

Method of assessing existing buildings and infrastructure to measure the extent of maintenance backlogs.

Answer 6

Facilities Audit

Question 7

Periodic recurring costs for replacement/renewal projects and one-time funding for improvements and programmatic projects.

Answer 7

Recapitalization

Question 8

The plumbers report to one supervisor, the electricians to another, and the HVAC mechanics to another. The trade staff is then dispatched to jobs in any facility from the central pool of resources.

Answer 8

Trade Based/Central Shop Organization

Question 9

Assigns a mixture of trade expertise to care for a specific set of buildings.

Answer 9

Zone Based Organization

Question 10

Structured around the type of work. One work group performs the preventive maintenance, while another group responds to service calls.

Answer 10

Function Based Organization

Question 11

A customer is charged a predetermined hourly rate for labor plus the cost of materials and equipment needed for a job.

Answer 11

Time and Material Agreement

Question 12

Useful when there is a hard limit on the funds available.

Answer 12

Fixed Price Agreement

Question 13

Sets an upper limit on the cost to the fund provider, but allows for a lower cost when a project goes well.

Answer 13

Guaranteed Maximum Price Agreement

Question 14

Defines a value for a unit of work such as the cost of excavating a cubic yard of rock or installing a foot of six-inch water main.

Answer 14

Unit Rate Agreement

Question 15

The annual value of maintenance and repair (M&R) divided by the facility’s current replacement value (CRV).

Answer 15

Maintenance Reinvestment Rate (MRR)

Question 16

Documents past and current practices, and determines the effectiveness of those practices in supporting the mission of the department and institution.

Answer 16

Custodial Audit

Question 17

One custodian is assigned to clean a certain area, such as two floors of a building, day after day.

Answer 17

Zone Cleaning

Question 18

A crew goes into a building, with perhaps four people cleaning eight floors. They work together to accomplish the tasks, literally sweeping through the building from top to bottom.

Answer 18

Crew or Gang Cleaning

Question 19

Assigned specialists flow through spaces to be cleaned.

Answer 19

Team Cleaning

Question 20

Take the total number of square feet (e.g., 100,000 square feet) and divide by an expected productivity standard, such as 25,000 square feet per custodian, per day.

Answer 20

Raw Square Footage Staffing Method

Question 21

Based upon a complete inventory of every fixture in a building and how long it takes to clean each fixture based on industry standards.

Answer 21

Fixture Staffing Method

Question 22

An inventory is taken of all room types, the tasks to be completed, the frequency of those tasks, and the times needed to accomplish those tasks.

Answer 22

Type of Space Staffing Method

Question 23

On-hand inventories are reduced and materials are made available through arrangements or contracts with vendors, either on a scheduled basis or on short notice as needed.

Answer 23

Just In Time

Question 24

Measures biological activity present in all living cells on earth.

Answer 24

ATP Meter

Question 25

Each team member holds the whole team accountable.

Answer 25

Self-Directed Cleaning

Question 26

The campus is divided into conveniently sized zones, usually 300,000 to 1,000,000 square feet, and a team of multitrade-skilled craftspersons is assigned to each zone.

Answer 26

Zone Maintenance

Question 27

The expected loss from a fire of a given severity.

Answer 27

Fire Risk

Question 28

The physical assets of a university (buildings and infrastructure) require capital to create (Birth), annual operating funds to maintain (M&O), periodic capital to replace worn out or obsolete components (Recapitalization), and capital funds to eventually dispose of the assets (Burial).

Answer 28

Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)

Question 29

A condition or set of conditions that could lead to the start or spread of a fire.

Answer 29

Fire Hazard

Question 30

Used in low-rise, 2-5 story buildings.

Answer 30

Hydraulic Elevators

Question 31

Used in low to mid-rise, 5-15 story buildings.

Answer 31

Geared Traction Elevators

Question 32

Used in low to mid-rise, 4-20 story buildings.

Answer 32

Machine Room Less Elevators

Question 33

Used in high-rise, 12-100+ story buildings.

Answer 33

Gearless Traction Elevators

Question 34

Uses mono-flow T-fittings to divert the water from the main into the radiator and then back into the same main.

Answer 34

One-Pipe System

Question 35

Most common system for heating and cooling. Has a supply main and a return main, with pipe sizes that vary based on the water flow within each portion of the system.

Answer 35

Two-Pipe System

Question 36

Generally takes place in a condenser. The condenser transfers the heat from the refrigeration cycle to the heat sink, and finally to either water or air.

Answer 36

Heat Rejection

Question 37

One of the oldest and most popular refrigeration systems.

Answer 37

Direct Expansion System

Question 38

A measurement of the amount of real power that is used, divided by the total amount of power, both borrowed and used.

Answer 38

Power Factor

Question 39

Electrical energy that is consumed by a component, circuit, device, piece of equipment, or system that is connected to a source of electric power, in order to perform its functions.

Answer 39

Load

Question 40

Device used to store an electric charge, consisting of one or more pairs of conductors separated by an insulator.

Answer 40

Capacitors

Question 41

Highest level of mechanical protection wiring made of heavy-wall steel.

Answer 41

Rigid Galvanized Conduit

Question 42

Lighter and less expensive than Rigid Galvanized Conduit.

Answer 42

Electric Metal Tubing Conduit

Question 43

Electric current can flow freely, whereas in an insulator it cannot.

Answer 43

Conductor

Question 44

Simplest type of automatic system that requires little maintenance. This system contains water under pressure at all times and connects to the water supply.

Answer 44

Wet Pipe Sprinkler System

Question 45

To control the speed of an AC (Alternating Current) motor (make it go faster or slower), you have to increase or decrease the frequency of the AC supply.

Answer 45

Variable Frequency Drive

Question 46

Keeps water out of the sprinkler piping until a fire actuates a sprinkler.

Answer 46

Dry Pipe Sprinkler System

Question 47

Saturates the area where a fire originates by discharging water from all open sprinklers in the system. Protects highly hazardous occupancies.

Answer 47

Deluge Sprinkler System

Question 48

A dollar invested should save $20 in operating costs and gain $200 in productivity over the life of the building.

Answer 48

1:20:200

Question 49

Includes an estimate of the types of resources, in both personnel and equipment, available between law enforcement agencies on campus.

Answer 49

Mutual Aid Agreement

Question 50

Delineates areas of responsibility for the local law enforcement agency contracted to provide services for an institution.

Answer 50

Letter of Understanding

Question 51

The anticipation, recognition and appraisal of a crime risk and the initiation of some action to remove or reduce it.

Answer 51

Crime Prevention

Question 52

Program in which students are taught how to protect their property. This includes such advice as keeping valuables out of sight when they are not being used, recording serial numbers and model numbers for all purchased equipment, and reporting suspicious activity.

Answer 52

Property Safety Awareness

Question 53

Ways to prevent crime by designing a physical environment that positively influences behavior. This includes natural access control, natural surveillance, territoriality, and maintenance. Specific techniques include street and security lighting, landscaping, barriers, and target hardening.

Answer 53

Environmental Design for Safety

Question 54

Relies on masonry walls to support floor and roof structural members.

Answer 54

Wall Bearing Building Type

Question 55

Consists entirely of freestanding columns braced by horizontal beams at each floor level.

Answer 55

Reinforced Concrete Building Type

Question 56

Relies on a post-and-beam approach to design, and is built as a free-standing structure before the exterior walls are placed.

Answer 56

Structural Steel Building Type

Question 57

Either steel or concrete covered by a tensile fabric system. The fabrics used in this type of system carry loads generated only from tension.

Answer 57

Tensile Structure Building Type

Question 58

Simple concrete footings bearing on the ground to support concrete foundation walls or grade beams above them.

Answer 58

Spread Footings

Question 59

Many concrete framed buildings have concrete floor systems that are poured in place as an integral part of the overall structural system.

Answer 59

Monolithic Concrete Floor System

Question 60

Set in place by a crane and anchored to the supporting beams.

Answer 60

Precast Concrete Floor System

Question 61

Curtain walls faced with precast concrete units provide a good, permanent exterior building face.

Answer 61

Precast Concrete Unit Wall Type

Question 62

Any exterior wall suspended from floor to floor on the structural frame of the building.

Answer 62

Curtain Wall Type

Question 63

Constructed by placing alternate layers of saturated felt paper and hot asphalt or bitumen; the roof is coated with a poured layer of hot asphalt on the top layer of felt with the hot liquid asphalt or bitumen added.

Answer 63

Built-Up Roof

Question 64

Factory-made sheet system from a single material or a laminated material. The sheets are shipped in a large continuous roll, are cut to fit field conditions, and then are placed over an insulating substrate on the roof.

Answer 64

Single-Ply Roof

Question 65

Mechanical device intended to reduce energy consumption by regulating the amount of ventilation airflow being introduced to the building and controlling the building static pressure by using cool outside air as a means of cooling the indoor space.

Answer 65

Economizer

Question 66

Information needed to measure the result of a change that has been made within a building control system.

Answer 66

Feedback

Question 67

An electronic device analogous to a thermostat but this device responds to relative humidity, not temperature.

Answer 67

Humidistat

Question 68

Provides visual images of the various controlled systems with data directly readable on the screen.

Answer 68

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

Question 69

Contains quantitative information about the campus landscape, such as the square footage of lawns, planting beds, and perennial beds.

Answer 69

Land Use Inventory

Question 70

Allows the irrigation system to turn itself on and off at certain times of the day and controls the length of time each area is watered.

Answer 70

Rain Sensor

Question 71

Should only be done to remove dead or damaged branches, retain original plant shape, control the size of the plant, or renew the plant.

Answer 71

Pruning

Question 72

Causes a roof effect and reduces the chances of air and water reaching the roots of the grass plants. Mowing frequencies and other cultural practices can reduce the buildup.

Answer 72

Thatch

Question 73

Ranges from loose gravel to hand-laid tile or exposed aggregate surfaces. A common problem is the lack of drainage.

Answer 73

Paved Surfaces

Question 74

Multidimensional approach to pest management that evolved to address the ecological, social, and economic implications of overreliance on chemical pest control.

Answer 74

Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

Question 75

A system designed to issue preventive maintenance (PM) work orders automatically, typically based on elapsed time. This information is intended to help maintenance workers do their jobs more effectively and to help management make informed decisions.

Answer 75

Computerized Maintenance Management System (CMMS)

Question 76

A building system designed to address the following needs: humidity and temperature control, fresh air, and ventilation for human thermal comfort.

Answer 76

Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC)

Question 77

Creates a common language for facilities professionals to use when making a direct correlation between appearance levels and staffing.

Answer 77

APPA’s Levels of Appearance

Question 78

deliberate process in which a scope of work is identified, selected, planned, scheduled, executed, closed and critiqued.

Answer 78

Work Order/Management System

Question 79

A systematic study of the waste disposal process. Represents the life cycle of waste from when it comes on to campus until its eventual disposition.

Answer 79

Waste Stream Analysis

Question 80

The total expenditure in current dollars required to replace any facility at the institution, including construction costs, design costs, project management costs, infrastructure costs and project administrative costs.

Answer 80

Current Replacement Value (CRV)

Question 81

Requires an integrated approach that relies on the hierarchy of reduction, reuse, recycling, and disposal to effectively manage an institution’s municipal solid waste.

Answer 81

Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSW)

Question 82

Provide a cheap insurance policy for new plant and turf installation but also serve as a potential source of labor and dollar savings over time.

Answer 82

Irrigation Systems

Question 83

Consists of any discarded or abandoned materials. Can be solid, liquid, semi-solid or containerized gaseous material.

Answer 83

Solid Waste

Question 84

The designation of approved disposal sites for various categories of MSW, including recyclables, by local or state authorities.

Answer 84

Flow Control

Question 85

Entails considering the type, location, and quantity of wastes generated and the available disposal options. At the core of this approach is the notion that not all wastes are created, nor should they be disposed of, equally.

Answer 85

Integrated Approach to Waste

Question 86

Planning, ranking, and considering risks in an open manner allows employees to buy into a process by which limited resources can be used effectively to control the risks.

Answer 86

Risk Management

Question 87

Risk management safety program that provides an effective means of creating and enhancing communication, establishing or suggesting training requirements, procedures and programs.

Answer 87

Safety Committee

Question 88

Can cause injury, death, or damage, or pollute air, land, or water; and may be ignitable, corrosive, reactive, or toxic.

Answer 88

Hazardous Waste