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operative midterm lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

90-92% of enamel is

A

hydroxyapatite

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2
Q

strong and brittle

A

enamel

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3
Q

enamel rods
larger diameter near:
smaller near:

A

larger diameter near: surface
smaller near: dentin borders

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4
Q

enamel rods are ___ to long axis, and radiate _____
what should you never leave when prepping?

A

pp says perpendicular and radiate outward (parallel at occlusion)

never leave unsupported enamel

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5
Q

can act as food/bacteria trap
leads to decay

A

grooves and fissures

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6
Q

hypomineralized
extend into enamel from DEJ

A

enamel tufts

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7
Q

thin faults between enamel rod group
extend from enamel toward DEJ

A

enamel lamellae

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8
Q

hypomineralized zone where dentin meets enamel

A

DEJ
dentino-enamel junction

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9
Q

enamel solubility increases as you approach

A

DEJ

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10
Q

what lowers acid solubility

A

fluoride

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11
Q

strong and resilient
living tissue

A

pulp dentin complex

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12
Q

largest portion of tooth
located in both coronal and root portions of tooth

A

dentin

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13
Q

forms walls of pulp chamber

A

dentin

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14
Q

if dentin formed before or after enamel

A

formed immediately prior to enamel

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15
Q

formation of what continues throughout the life of the pulp

A

dentin

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16
Q

odontoblastic process crossed into enamel
may serve as pain receptors!

A

enamel spindles

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17
Q

where do dentinal tubules canals extend

A

from DEJ/DCJ to pulp

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18
Q

dentinal tubules are lined with

A

peritubular dentin

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19
Q

_____dentin is between dentinal tubules

A

intertubular dentin

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20
Q

where is the diameter of dentinal tubules largest at?

A

pulp

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21
Q

number of tubules/squares mm greatest at

A

pulp

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22
Q

formed by secondary odontoblasts
response to moderate irritant
at end of tubules at surface of pulp

(formed in response to trauma, chronic irritation, etc)

A

reparative dentin

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23
Q

primary dentin that has changed
-peritubular dentin widens, fills with calcified material

A

sclerotic dentin

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24
Q

dentin hardness averages ____ that of enamel

A

1/5

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25
where is dentin harder?
harder near DEJ than near pulp
26
50% hydroxapatite
dentin
27
(dentin) fluid movement in tubules=
dentinal sensitivity
28
odontoblastic process wrapped in nerves and fluid in dentinal tubules
hydrodynamic theory of pain transmission (dentin sensitivity)
29
enamel/cementum removed during preparation= seal lost causing small fluid movements in tubules=distortions in nerve endings =
pain
30
created whenever tooth is cut/prepared plugs dentinal tubules
smear layer
31
-gray, semi-translucent -color depends on underlying dentin -becomes temporarily whiter when dehydrated -shiny
enamel
32
yellow-white dull, opaque
dentin
33
covers root surface softer than dentin formed continually
cementum
34
prep walls are designed to
retain restoration and resist fracture
35
4factors to consider with dental anatomy
enamel rod orientation thickness of enamel and dentin size, location of pulp relationship of tooth to periodontium
36
locations of primary caries: 1 2 3
1. pit and fissure 2. enamel smooth surface 3. root surface
37
occur from imperfect coalescene of dvelopmental enamel lobe
pit and fissure
38
area left unclean chronically
enamel smooth surface
39
when would residual caries be acceptable in rare instance
to avoid pulp exposure and when left as affected dentin near pulp
40
caries left by operator intentionally or accident
residual caries
41
microleakage present at junctional between restoration and tooth -may progress under restoration or behind it so it cannot be seen with radiograph
recurrent caries
42
rate of caries. rampant light color dull, mushy
acute
43
rate of caries. slow or arrested dark color appears, shiny, solid
chronic
44
axial wall is (parallel/perpendicular) to long axis of tooth
parallel
45
margin (edge) where prepared (cut) tooth meets unprepared tooth
cavosurface margin
46
angle where prepared and unprepared tooth surface meet
cavosurface angle
47
junction of two walls/surfaces along a line
line angle
48
apex points away from observer
internal line angle
49
apex points toward observe
external line angle
50
point of 3 surfaces
point angle
51
formed by full length enamel rods enamel rods' inner ends are on sound dentin (important so wont fracture)
enamel margin strength
52
when enamel rods are not supported by sound dentin -remove from preparation (brittle, fracture easily)
unsupported enamel
53
occlusal surface of posterior teeth -may include lingual/buccal grooves and pits
class i
54
proximal surfaces of premolars and molars
class II
55
proximal surfaces of incisors and canines (does not involve incisal edge)
class III
56
class III (proximal surfaces of ant) add incisal
class IV
57
gingival 1/3 of smooth surfaces (buccal, lingual)
class V
58
incisal edge or cusp
class VI
59
connect 2 preps that are ____ apart
<.5mm apart
60
outline form. preserve what with cusps and marginal ridges and minimize extensions ______
preserve strength and minimize extensions F-L
61
when do you extend class I depth
when fissures cant be eliminated by enameloplasty and two caries <.5mm between them
62
axial wall depth of class II INTO DENTIN
.2-.8mmm 1-1.5 on manikin
63
remove shallow enamel fissure or pit -creates smooth, saucer shaped surface= slef-cleansing
enameloplasty
64
with enameloplasty, no more than ____ enamel thickness removed
1/3
65
objectives are to resist fracturing the tooth or restorative material= -need to resist or withstand occlusion force -conservative extension -preserve what 2 things:
resistance to fracture preserve cusps and marginal ridges
66
when is resistance form compromised
when margin exceeds 2/3 of the distance between central groove -MUST cap weak cusps!!!!!!!!!
67
when must cap weak cusp and when consider capping weak cusps
must cap with margin exceeds 2/3 of distance between central groove consider when margin end 1/2 distance between central groove and cusp tip
68
slightly rounded:
internal and external line angles
69
slightly rounded is accomplished with bevel at axiopulpal line angle =less stress concentration !
external line angles
70
flat floors of pulpal floor prevents
movement
71
with resistance form, allow for sufficient _____ of restorative material. amalgam: gold: porecelain:
thickness amalgam: 1.5 min gold: 1-2 porcelain: 2mm
72
prevents tipping and proximal displacement
dovetail
73
walls slant towards each other especially important with amalgam
convergence
74
this resists pull of sticky foods
taller walls (wall length)
75
initial stage steps
outline form initial depth primary resistance form primary rentention form convenience form
76
form that allows you to access the defect -allows you to see what you are doing
connivence form
77
this is demineralized -usually discolored but NOT soft ok to leave in rare circumstances
affected dentin
78
microorganisms present -soft -may/may not be stained MUST REMOVE
infected dentin
79
areas for restorative material to lock into
rentention grooves improves retention (secondary retention)
80
fewer extensions -bevel for rounded axiopulpal ling angle =increase bulk of restorative material, disperse concentration of forces
secondary resistance
81
positioning. top of patients head=12 right= 8 position left= 4 position (patient tilting head slightly to the right) what do you see on buccal side: lingual side:
buccal= UL lingual:LR
82
positioning. top of patients head=12 right= 11 position left= 1 position slightly to patient's right and behind (patient tilting head slightly to the left) what do you see on buccal side: lingual side:
buccal= UR lingual= LL
83
positioning. top of patients head=12 right/left= 12-1 position slightly to patient's left and behind (patient's head tiled back) what do you see on buccal side: lingual side
buccal= R and L anterior lingual= R and L anterior

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