Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

DIM Bloc TCP > Ophtalmology > Flashcards

Ophtalmology Flashcards

(57 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What’s your diagnosis?

A

Trochlear nerve palsy: unopposed inferior oblique due to desabled superior oblique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What’s your diagnosis?

A

Oculomotor palsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What’s your diagnosis?

A

Abducens nerve palsy: unopposed medical rectus because of disabled lateral rectus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the key elements to ask when doing a history taking in ophtalmology?

A
  1. Past medical history (DM2, HTN, thyroid, malignancy…)
  2. History of poor vision (exclude refractory error)
  3. History of trauma
  4. History of surgery
  5. History of contact lens
  6. Family history (blindness, glaucoma, retinal detachment, macular degeneration…)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the basic steps of eye examination?

A
  1. Acuity (each eye)
  2. Field (each eye)
  3. Inspection (eyelids, conjunctiva, sclera, cornea, iris)
  4. Extraocular movements
  5. Pupils response
  6. Red reflex
  7. Anterior chamber (depth and clarity)
  8. Ophtalmoscopy
  9. Tonometry (pressure)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  • 14 y/o
  • Difficulty with distance vision
  • Preserved near vision
  • Acuity increases with pinhole

What’s your diagnosis?

A

Myopia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  • 78 y/o
  • Mild progressive loss of vision
  • Painless
  • Dullness red reflex and difficultu seing fundus

What’s your diagnosis?

A

Cataract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  • 8 y/o
  • Asymetric (> 2 lines of difference) acuity
  • Painless, no complaint

What’s your diagnosis?

A

Amblyopia (no need for referral is constant)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How can you use to diagnose corneal abrasions?

A

Fluorescein staining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  • 64 y/o
  • Flashing lights in peripheral vision unilateral
  • Floaters unilateral
  • Dark area in superteporal field unilateral

What’s your diagnosis?

A

Retinal detachment: REFER URGENTLY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the most common cause of corneal edema (ground-glass appearance)?

A

Increased IOP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
  • 50 y/o
  • Episodes (minutes) of unilateral vision loss

What’s your diagnosis?

A

Amaurosis fugax: arterial insufficiency caused by artherosclerosis or artheroma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a Hollenhorst plaque?

A

A cholesterol embolus that lodges at an arterial bifurcation in the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the urgent treatment of central retinal artery occlusion?

A

Ocular massage and urgent referal to ophtalmologist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
  • 90 y/o
  • Right-sided headache
  • Jaw claudication
  • Generalized fatigue and weight loss
  • Unilateral decreased acuity

What’s your diagnosis?

A

Giant cell arteritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What’s the course of treatment of Giant cell arteritis?

A
  1. Urgent referal to ophtalmologist
  2. High-dose corticosteroids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How does glaucoma present?

A

Gradual decrease in peripheral vision until scotoma (peripheral vision loss of different shapes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the 2 complications of hyphema?

A
  1. Occular pressure
  2. Corneal staining
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

On average, how much time does a corneal take to heal?

A

48-72 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Qu’est-ce qu’un trichiasis?

A

Une inflexion des cils vers l’œil, ce qui provoque une irritation de la cornée.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the complication of post-septal cellulitis?

A

Meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How can you differentiate a pre-septal and post-septal (orbital) cellulitis?

A

Pre-septal:

  • Normal eye movements
  • Normal white eye color
  • Normal neuro exam
  • Normal vision
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What kind of glaucoma drops often gives contact dermatitis?

Study These Flashcards
A

Alpha-agonist

24
Q

What is the most common side effect of prostaglandin glaucoma eye drops?

Study These Flashcards
A

Hyperpigmentation

25
What is the contraindication of carbonic anhydraase inhibitor glaucoma eye drops?
Sulfa allergy
26
What are the side effects of beta-blockers glaucoma eye drops?
* Bronchospasms (do NOT give to asthmatics and COPD) * Arythmias
27
How does a viral conjunctivitis present?
* Bilateral * Post Upper Respiratory Infection
28
What is Blepharitis?
Inflammation, scaling, reddening, and crusting of the eyelid.
29
Dendritic ulcers are pathognomonic for what?
HSV
30
Can you give steroids for HSV infection?
**_NO NEVER_** YOU DUMB ASS BITCH
31
* 20 y/o * Swam with contact lens in a spa * Pain (INTENSE) What's your diagnosis?
Acanthamoeba keratitis
32
How do you diagnose giant cell arthritis?
1. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate 2. C-reactive protein 3. Temporal artery biopsy
33
What are the red flags symptoms that warrant an ophtalmo referal for a patient with a red eye?
* Blurred vision * Pain * Photophobia * Colored halos
34
What are the red flags signs that warrant an ophtalmo referal for a patient with a red eye?
* Ciliary flush * Corneal opacification * Corneal epithelium disruption * Pupillary abnormalities * Shallow anterior chamber * Elevated IOP * Proptosis
35
What do you do if someone gets a chemical in his eyes?
YOU IRRIGATE ASAP WITH AS MUCH WATER AS YOU CAN
36
When should you refer a child to an ophtalmologist?
* Unusual large eyes (GLAUCOMA!!!) * Decreased or no light reflex * Strabism * Poor visual acuity (ALWAYS SCREEN)
37
What is Argyll Robertson pupils?
Small, irregular pupils that show light-near dissociation caused by **tertiary syphilis**
38
What are the causes of an isolated third nerve palsy?
* Intracranial aneurysm * Microvascular infarction of within the nerve (diabetes & hypertension) * Trauma * Cerebral herniation * Brain tumor
39
What do you do if you are a family doctor and have a patient with thrid nerve palsy?
* Order urgent cerebral imagning with angiography * Refer to neuro
40
Fourth nerve palsy results in wich type of diplopia?
Vertical
41
What is the most common cause of nerve palsy?
**Microvascular infarcts**: resolves spontaneously in 3-4 months in 98% of cases
42
Proptosis in a child should always raise suspicion of what?
Rhabdomyosarcoma
43
What condition warrant screening visual problems and/or refering to ophtalmology?
* Diabetes * Hypertension * Pregnancy * Sickle cell anemia * Thyroid diseases * Sarcoidosis * AIDS * Syphilis * SLE, GPA, EGPA, RA, Sjögren...
44
What is the occular side effect of amiodarone used for arythmias?
Optic neurpathy
45
What is the occular side effect of biophosphanates used in osteoporosis?
Inflammation of the eye (uveitis, scleritis, etc)
46
What is the occular side effect of choloquines used against malaria?
Photophobia and glare
47
What is the occular side effect of corticosteroids?
Cataracts
48
What is the occular side effect of diphenylhydantoin used for seizures?
Nystagmus
49
What is the occular side effect of statins?
Cataracts
50
What is the occular side effect of erectile dysfunction medications?
Impairment of color discrimination
51
What is the first thing to do if you suspect globe rupture?
Give antiemetic medeication because if the patient vomits, it can cause extrusion of ocular contents and further wound contamination
52
What is Marcus Gunn pupil?
Simply an Afferent Pupillary Defect (APD)
53
What is the range of normal IOP?
9-21 mmHg
54
What are the steps of cataract surgery?
1. Topical anesthesia 2. Sideport corneal incision 3. Viscoelastic to fill anterior chamber (infaltes it) 4. Main corneal incision 5. Capsulorhexis 6. Hydrodissection 7. Phacoemulsification 8. Cortical aspiration 9. Inflate capsule with viscoelastic 10. Insert intraocular lens 11. Remove viscoelastic 12. Hydrate corneal wound
55
What is the myopic correction?
Minus to focus farther
56
What is the hyperopic correction?
Plus to focus closer
57
What is the presbyopia correction?
Plus with reading (focus closer)

DIM Bloc TCP (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions