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Ophtha Flashcards

(88 cards)

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1
Q

Approx attachment of levator aponeurosus to orbicularis and skin near or at superior border of upper lid tarsus

A

Upper eyelid crease

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2
Q

Loose preseptal skin and subcu above confluence of LA and septum

A

Upper eye lid foldt

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3
Q

Excess preseptal skin

A

Dermatochalasis

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4
Q

Main protractor of eyelid

A

Orbicularis oculi

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5
Q

Pretarsal orbicularis oculi action and in

A

Involuntary blink

CN VII

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6
Q

Weakness or inability to close eyelids (lagopthalmos)

Complication:

A

Facial nerve palsy
Underactive muscle

Exposure keratopathy

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7
Q

Lower lid laxity

Outward

Inward

A

ectropion and entropion

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8
Q

Anatomic barrier bet preseptal and orbital structure

Infection on retroorbital area if breached

A

Orbital septum

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9
Q

Infection of eyelid and periorbital soft tissue

No breach of orbital septum

A

Preseptal cellulitis

Oral antibiotics

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10
Q 
Involvement posterior to septum
RAPID (optic nerve)
proptosis
Limited EOM
Chemosis
A

Orbital cellulitis

IV antibiotics, surgical drainage

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11
Q

Protective cushion

A

orbital fat

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12
Q

Ms of retraction upper lid

A

Levator palpebrae superioris
Levator aponeurosis
Superior tarsal muscle muller’s

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13
Q

Lower lid retractor

A

Capsulopalpebral fascia

Inferior tarsal muscle

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14
Q

Eye opening innervation

A

CN III

Sympathetic for superior tarsal and inferior tarsal ms

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15
Q

Dense plate of connective tissue giving structure and fibrous skeleton to eyelid

Contains Meibomian gland

A

Tarsus

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16
Q

Mucin secreting goblet cell and acessory gland of Krausse and Wolfring
Non keratizing squamous epithelium
Basal tear secretion

A

Conjunctiva

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17
Q

Eyelid margin

Ant

Post

A

Skin orbicularis

Tarsus and conjunctiva

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18
Q

Small abscess by staph au infection of lash follicle and assoc gland of Zeis or Moll

A

External hordeolum/sty

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19
Q

Chronic non infective lipo granulomatous inflamm by blockage if meibomian gland orifice and stagnation of sebaceous secretion

A

Chalazion Meibomian cyst

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20
Q

Small abscess by acute staph infection of Meibomian gland

A

Internum hordeolum

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21
Q

Arterial supply of eye

A 
opthalmic artery (supraorbital, lactimal) ICA
ECA
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22
Q

Lymph drainage of eye

A

Submandibular
Superficial preauricular
Deep cervical nodes

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23
Q

Roof of orbit

A

Frontal

Lesser wing of sphenoid

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24
Q

Lateral wall of orbit

Thickest and strongest

A

Sphenoid greater wing

Zygoma

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25
Medial
Sphenoid Lacrimal Ethmoid
26
Floor of orbit
Maxillary Palatine Zygomatic
27
Suspende levator aponeurosis and part SO
Whitnal’s ligament
28
Orbitotomy procedure is done in
Lateral wall, most accesible | Frontozygomatic suture
29
Thinnest wall of the orbit
Medial wall
30
Thinnest bone of orbit
Lamina papiracea of ethmoid bone
31
Children with ethmoid sinus infection extend to orbit causing cellulitis
Supported by ethmoid bullae
32
Most common area of fracture in orbit
Posterior medial floor | No bullae unsupported roof of maxillary sinus
33
Where vessels pass medially to groove
Inferior orbital groove
34
Diplopia Unable to look up Loss of sensation of skin and cheek and gum Trauma to eye
Blowout fracture
35
Where tears drain | Communicates with inferior meatus
Nasolacrimal canal
36
Transmits optic nerve and ophthalmic artery | Located in lesser wing of sphenoid
Optic canal
37
Convergence of all eye rectus muscles forming ring
Annulus of Zinn
38
Opthalmic artery gives branch to the
Central retinal artery
39
Connection between artery and dilation of superior ophthalmic vein AVM
Carotid cavernous fistula
40
``` Infection in nose, sinus, ears or teeth from orbital cellulitis (S. aureus and Strep) Loss of vision Chemosis Exopthalmos Headache Paralysis of cranial nerve Fatal ```
Cavernous sinus thrombosis
41
All ms originate from orbital apex except
Inferior oblique
42
Exocrine gland secreting tears Orbital and palpebral lobe Inn
Lacrimal gland Ophthalmic nerve V1
43
Complication after bell’s Damage to facial nerve Efferent fibers of superior salivary nucleus become improperly connected to nerve axons of lacrimal gland Crying with salivation
Crocodile tears
44
2/3 of refractive media Transmits light rays Employs deturgescence (clearing)
Cornea
45
Controls amount of light entering eye | Pupillary reflex
Iris
46
Image in the retina is with respect to object, But the mind perceives it
Inverted and reversed Upright
47
Total refractive power of eye
59 2/3 cornea 1/3 lens
48
Parasympathetic response CN III Lens inc in curvature and dioptic power In children: 20-34 diopters Adult: 4-8 Elderly: 2
Accomodation
49
Near triad
Accomodation Miosis Convergence
50
Helmhotz theory of accomodation
Ciliary body contracts Zonular fibers relax Lens become spherical
51
Loss of accomodation due to dec elasticity of lens
Presbyopia
52
Near sightedness Image in front of retina Tx
Myopia Diverging/Concave/Minus lens
53
Far sighted Image formed at back of retina Tx
Hyperopia Converging/convex/plus lens
54
When cornea or lens has irregular curvature Tx
Astigmatism Tx: Cylindrical/toric
55
Depth of perception determined by
Size of image on retina Moving parallax Stereopsis (3D vision/binocular vision)
56
Intraocular pressure is normally Gold standard for measurement
10-20 mmHg Goldmann applanation tonometer
57
Leaves the eye at a point 3mm medial to and slightly above posterior pole of the globe Seen in direct ophtha as optic disc
Optic nerve
58
No visual receptor over disk Does not respond to light 15 deg lateral from optic disc
Blind spot
59
Posterior pole | Yellowish pigmented spot
Macula
60
Center of macula Free of rod Point where visual acuity is greatest
fovea
61
In perception of light, there is dec cGMP and closure of Na channels leading to
Hyperpolarization Dec release of synaptic transmitter Response in bipolar cell and neural element
62
Key to initiation of visual cycle is availability of
11-cis-retinaldehyde (vitamin A) From cis to trans
63
Autonomic control of pupil | Symlathetic
Origin: intermediolateral horn cell of T1
64
Visualized the back of eye Erect image Magnified view
Direct ophthalmoscopy
65
Creates optical section of retina to view layers for any pathology
Optical coherence tomography
66
Fluorescence dye injected into bloodstream | Highlights blood vessels in back of eye so they can be photographed
Fluorescein angiography
67
Quantitative measurement of visual field
Visual field perimetry
68
Invasive bacteria that penetrate intact corneal epithelium
Corynebacterium Haemophilus Neisseria Listeria
69
Pie on the floor
Parietal
70
Pie on the sky
Temporal
71
Antiglaucoma drug that increases outflow (drain canal)
Latanoprost | Pilocarpine
72
Dec aqueous production
Timolol | Acetazolamide
73
Both decrease production and increase outflow
Brimonidine
74
Decreases vitreous volume
Mannitol | Glycerol
75
Drugs used for diabetic macular edema and age related mac degeneration
``` Anti VEGFs intravitreal injection Ranibizumab (FDA) monoclonal antibody Bevacizumab Aflibercept Pegaptanib ```
76
Drugs that dilate eyes prior examination
Tropicamide eyedrop Atropine eyedrop (children) Cyclopentolate (children)
77
Full thickness | For corneal pathology
Penetrating keratoplasty
78
Selective, anterior stroma to epithelium | For keratoconus, stromal dystrophy, anterior scar/opacity
Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty DALK
79
Selective, only descemet and endothelium no stroma | For endothelial pathology
Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty
80
Large incision cataract surgery in which opacified lens is removed completely with its capsule
Intracapsular cataract extraction
81
Manual delivery of whole cataract leaving the capsule partially intact
Extracapsular cataract extraction
82
Same as ECCE but uses ultrasound to emulsify cataract
Phacoemulsification
83
Filtering procedure to divert aqueous drainage
Trabeculectomy
84
Uses external device to facilitate drainage
Glaucoma drainage device
85
Intraocular procedure with removal of vitreous Gas or oil injected to tamponade detachment
Pars plana vitrectomy
86
Uses silicone band to tamponade the globe
Scleral buckling
87
Removal of eye content leaving scleral shell snd EOM intact
evisceration
88
Employs laser to flatten or steepen cornea altering its curvature resulting in desired refraction or grade
Refractive surgery

Surgery (17 decks)

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