Ophtha Retina Flashcards
(30 cards)
- Foot processes of Müller’s cell
- True basement membrane
INTERNAL LINING MEMBRANE (ILM)
Unmyelinated ganglion cell axons
NERVE FIBER LAYER (NFL)
Nuclei are multilayered in macula
GANGLION CELL LAYER
Synaptic processes between bipolar and ganglion
cells, as well as amacrine with bipolar cells.
INNER PLEXIFORM LAYER
● Outermost retinal layer
● Inner 2⁄3 of retina receives its nourishment from retinal vasculature (outer 1⁄3 from choroid)
● Contains cell bodies of bipolar, amacrine (confined to inner surface), horizontal (confined to outer surface/, and Müller’s (span from ILM [foot processes] to ELM [microvilli, which point RPE]) cells.
INNER NUCLEAR LAYER
Synaptic processes between photoreceptors and dendritic processes of bipolar cells
OUTER PLEXIFORM LAYER
Photoreceptor cell bodies and nuclei
OUTER NUCLEAR LAYER
Interconnects photoreceptors cells to Müller’s cell
EXTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE (ELM)
● Extends from macula to ora serrata (outside), nonpigmented epithelium is contiguous with pars plana.
● Defined as any area of the retina with a single layer of ganglion cells
PERIPHERAL RETINA
● Area of retina in which ganglion cell layer is >1 cell thick (5-6mm in diameter).
● Centered 4mm temporal and 0.8mm inferior to optic nerve
● High level of carotenoids (100-1000x more than anywhere else) - lutein (antioxidant) and zeaxanthin (light screening)
MACULA
● Central depression of the inner retinal surface (1.5 mm in diameter) within the macula.
FOVEA
Mechanisms to Prevent Foveal Detachment
- Microvilli of RPE
- Surround tips of photoreceptors - Viscous Mucopolysaccharides
- Bathe photoreceptors and RPE - Intraocular Pressure
● Central area of fovea (350 μm in diameter)
● Absence of ganglion cells and other nucleated cells
● Avascular
FOVEOLA
Tight junctions (made by the zonula occludens) between retinal vascular endothelial cells.
INNER BARRIER
Tight junctions between RPE cells
OUTER BARRIER
● Superficial
● Blood tracks along NFL
FLAME OR SPLINTER
● Deep
● Blood is confined by axons oriented perpendicular to bruch’s membrane.
BLOT OR DOT
● Sub-ILM
- Hemorrhagic detachment of ILM
● Sub-Hyaloid
- Blood between ILM and posterior hyaloid
BOAT SHAPED (SCAPHOID)
● Sub-RPE (located underneath the retinal pigment epithelium)
● Can be confused with choroidal melanoma
DARK HEMORRHAGE
Monolayer of hexagonal cells with apical microvilli and basement membrane at base.
RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM
Permeable to small molecules
BRUCH’S MEMBRANE
● Branching neural cells in retina and CNS
● Proliferation → gliosis
● Cells of origin for optic nerve glioma
● Provide structural support to optic nerve and retina
● Contribute to nourishment of neuronal elements
ASTROCYTES
● Modified astrocytes
● Footplates form ILM, nuclei in inner nuclear layer
● Provide skeletal support
MULLER’S CELLS
505 nm
RHODOPSIN
