Ophthalmology Flashcards
(51 cards)
Which of the orbital walls is most likely to undergo a blow-out fracture?
Inferior and medial
Which structure is responsible for closing the eyelids tightly?
orbicularis oculi orbital part muscle, Innervated by CNVII
What is the motor innervation of the superior tarsal (Mueller’s) muscle?
sympathetic innervation (not somatic motor innervation like skeletal muscles).
The sympathetic fibers originate from the superior cervical ganglion and travel along the carotid plexus and then through the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V1) to reach the muscle.
The lacrimal gland is found in which part of each orbit?
Superior lateral
The tendon of which of the following muscles passes through the trochlea?
Superior oblique innervated by trochlear nerve
Where does the inferior oblique muscle originate from?
orbital margin of the maxilla, lateral to the lacrimal sac.
What is the somatic motor innervation of the lateral rectus muscle
Abducens nerve
What is the action of the levator palpebrae superioris?
Elevate the upper eyelid
Between which vertebral levels do presynaptic sympathetic fibres leave the spinal cord?
between the T1 and L2 vertebral levels.
In which ganglion do
sympathetic fibres travelling to the head and neck synapse?
Superior cervical ganglion
Postsynaptic sympathetic fibres reach the orbit by travelling on the surface of which of the following arteries?
Internal carotide artery
External supply head, neck and scalp
Which of the following parasympathetic ganglia are associated with the eyeball
Ciliary ganglion
What are the pterygopalatine ganglion, submandibular ganglion, otic ganglion
lacrimal gland, salivary glands
Partial gland
The ciliary ganglion is associated with which cranial nerve?
Oculomotor nerve
Which crinal nerve innervate the dura mater
CNV
which meningeal layer adheres closely to the brain ?
Pia
at which vertebral level does the subarachoid space end
S2
identify the location of 3rd 4th and lateral ventrucles
which structre produce CSF
Choroid plexus
How to identify which eye you looking at
make the C in your hand if its with your right hand is right eye if its with your kleft hand its left eye
A 32-year-old man presents with blurred vision and pain in his left eye. He reports a history of a penetrating injury to his right eye 1year ago, which was surgically repaired. On examination, there is granulomatous anterior uveitis in both eyes, with mutton-fat keratic precipitates and vitritis. Fundoscopy reveals Dalen-Fuchs nodules in the posterior pole.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Endophthalmitis
B. Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome
C. Sympathetic ophthalmia
D. Sarcoidosis
E. Behçet’s disease
C. Sympathetic ophthalmia
Explanation:
Sympathetic ophthalmia is a bilateral granulomatous panuveitis that occurs after penetrating trauma or surgery to one eye. Key features include:
History of penetrating injury or surgery to one eye (the exciting eye).
Onset of symptoms in the contralateral eye (the sympathizing eye) weeks to months after the initial injury.
Granulomatous inflammation in both eyes, including:
Mutton-fat keratic precipitates.
Vitritis.
Dalen-Fuchs nodules (yellow-white lesions at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium).
Choroidal thickening on imaging.
Blood and thunder
