Ophthalmology

Question 1

cherry red spot

Answer 1

central retinal artery occlusion

Question 2

tear drop sign on radiograph

Answer 2

orbital blowout fracture

Question 3

blood level in sinus

Answer 3

orbital blowout fracture

Question 4

failure to adduct eye

Answer 4

medial longitudinal fasciculus issue

Question 5

painful on eye movement

Answer 5

optic neuritis

Question 6

optic neuritis causative illness

Answer 6

MS (multiple sclerosis)

Question 7

acute painful loss of vision

Answer 7

optic neuritis

Question 8

curtain coming down over vision

Answer 8

retinal detachment

Question 9

flashes/floaters

Answer 9

retinal detachment

Question 10

photophobia, red & painful eye

Answer 10

anterior uveitis

Question 11

gritty feeling in eye

Answer 11

bacterial conjunctivitis OR sub-tarsal foreign body

Question 12

sticky eye

Answer 12

bacterial conjunctivitis

Question 13

watery eye w pain & preauricular lymphadenopathy

Answer 13

viral conjunctivitis

Question 14

silver/copper wiring vessels

Answer 14

hypertensive retinopathy

Question 15

red & unable to visualise fundus

Answer 15

vitreous haemorrhage

Question 16

loss of red reflex (kids)

Answer 16

retinoblastoma

Question 17

loss of red reflex (adults)

Answer 17

cataracts

Question 18

neovascularisation & haemorrhage

Answer 18

WET age related macular degeneration (ARMD)

Question 19

down & out, blown pupils

Answer 19

CN3, aneurysm

Question 20

different sized pupils

Answer 20

damage to CN3 or sympathetic chain (horners)

Question 21

roth spots

Answer 21

infective endocarditis

Question 22

brushfield spots

Answer 22

downs syndrome

Question 23

extreme pain (or nausea) blurred vision, haloes around lights

Answer 23

acute closed angle glaucoma

Question 24

bilateral gradual loss of peripheral vision/tunnel vision

Answer 24

chronic open angle glaucoma

Question 25

drusen

Answer 25

DRY age related macular degeneration (ARMD)

Question 26

(dendritic) corneal ulcer. foreign body sensation

Answer 26

bacterial keratitis

Question 27

crusting at eyelid margin, lids stuck together on waking

Answer 27

blepharitis

Question 28

temporary curtain over vision (<5min)/sudden temp painless loss of vision

Answer 28

transient ischaemic attack (amaurosis fugax)

Question 29

gradual painless loss of vision, haloes around lights when dark, difficulty reading/watching tv/recognising faces

Answer 29

cataracts

Question 30

brown/white lens on slit lamp

Answer 30

cataracts

Question 31

stormy sunset fundoscopy

Answer 31

central retinal vein occlusion

Question 32

flame haemorrhages, dilated/tortuous retinal veins, cotton wool spots, dot/blot haemorrhages

Answer 32

central retinal vein occlusion or diabetic retinopathy

Question 33

optic disc cupping

Answer 33

chronic open angle glaucoma

Question 34

white/blue/grey ring around cornea

Answer 34

corneal arcus (hyperlipidaemia/cholesterolaemia)

Question 35

up & in eye (w vertical double vision, head tilt)

Answer 35

CN4 - superior oblique muscle

Question 36

medially deviated eye (failure to abduct)

Answer 36

CN6 - abducens nerve palsy

Question 37

recent cataracts surgery w redness/pain/hypopyon etc

Answer 37

endophthalmitis

Question 38

severe pain on eye movement w redness & systemic symptoms, non blanching vessels

Answer 38

scleritis

Question 39

tender, red eye, blanching/moving vessels

Answer 39

episcleritis

Question 40

dendritic corneal ulcer organism?

Answer 40

herpes simplex type 1 (hsv1)

Question 41

Hutchinson's sign/nose tip involvement

Answer 41

shingles (herpes zoster virus)

Question 42

ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis

Answer 42

Horner's syndrome - sympathetic chain palsy

Question 43

causes of Horner's syndrome

Answer 43

pancoast tumour, stroke, carotid artery dissection

Question 44

sudden loss of vision w severe headache/tender scalp & pale, swollen optic disc

Answer 44

(arteritic) ischaemic optic neuropathy due to giant cell arteritis

Question 45

vision loss w pale, swollen optic disc

Answer 45

ischaemic optic neuropathy

Question 46

kayser-fleischer rings (copper coloured rings around cornea)

Answer 46

copper deposition wilsons disease, cholestasis, primary billary cirrhosis

Question 47

bulging eyes/proptosis/exophthalmos & lid retraction/lid lag

Answer 47

thyroid eye disease (graves)