Ophthalmology Flashcards
(21 cards)
Episcleritis
Red eye due to blood vessels rxn to immune response
Increased IL-1,IL-6 and TNF -a
Increased permeability of blood vessels -leakage of plasma proteins into Interstitial space-edema
Episcleritis
Red eye
Painless
Mild photophobia
Watering
Phenylephrine drops blanches the episcleral vessels unlike scleritis
Keratitis
Caused by HSV 1&2
Pain
Photophobia
Decreased visual acuity
Hypopyon on anterior chamber
Fluorescein stain reveals corneal epithialia defects
Antiviral topical
Management of Episcleritis
Topical corticosteroids
Oral NSAIDs
Cycloplegics
Topical nsaid
Uveitis(iridociliary body)
Eye pain
Floaters
Decreased visual acuity
Blurred vision
Photophobia
Slit lamp-diagnosis
HLAB27,HLADR,HLADQ
Microbial keratitis
Psuedomonas aeeugunosa
Staph aureus
Serratia marcescens
Fusarium keratitis
Orbital cellulitis
Pain
Proptosis
Periocular swelling
Pupil involvement (diplopia,vision loss,blurred vision)
Palsy
MUST admit
Holmes aldie
Slow reaction to accomodation and poor reaction to light if any
Ass with absent ankle and knee reflexes
Dilated pupil
Unilateral
Mydriasis-abnormal pupil dilation without change of light
Holmes adie pupil
Pheochromcytoma
Third nerve palsy
Cocaine,amphetamines,atropine ,tropicamide
Tricyclic antidepressants
Optic atrophy
Pale well demarcated disc on fundoscopy
Usually bilateral
Gradual vision loss
Causes of optic atrophy
Multiple sclerosis
Glaucoma,tumor
Ischemia,retinal pigmentosa,
Longstanding papillodema
Tobacco,arsenic,lead,methanol,quinine
VitB12,B1,B2,B6 deficiency
Friedreich ataxia
Leber’s optic atrophy
DIDMOAD(wolfram syndrome)
Optic neuritis
Multiple sclerosis
Diabetes
Syphilis
Pain worse on eye movement
Relative afferent pupillary defect
Poor discrimination of colours’red saturation’
Central Scotoma
MRI with gadolinium for diagnosis
Manage with high dose steroid
Papilloedema
Venous engorgement
Loss of venous pulsation
Blurring of optic disc
Elevation of optic disc
Loss of optic cup
Paton’s lines
Causes of papilloedema
Hypercapnia
Hypocalcemia
Hypoparathyoridism
Vit A toxicity
Space occupying lesion
Malignant hypertension
Idiopathic IC hypertension
Posterior vitreous detachment
Occurs with aging
Earlier in short sighted pple
More in females
Cobweb across vision
Floaters or flashes of light in vision
Weiss ring as a sign in ophthalmoscope
Improves around 6 months
Retinitis pigmentosa
Night blindness
Tunnel vision due to loss of peripheral retina
Black bone spicule shaped pigmentation or mottling of retina on fundoscopy
Retinal pigmentosa ass diseases
Alport syndrome
Kearns sayre syndrome
Lawrence moon biedl syndrome
Usher syndrome
Refsum disease
Rheumatoid arthritis ocular manifestations
Keratocunjuctivitis sicca
Episcleritis
Scleritis
Corneal ulceration
Keratitis
Steroid induced cataracts
Chloroquine retinopathy
Sudden loss of vision
Retinal detachment
Ischemic/vascular
Retinal migraine
Vitreous hemorrhage
Tunnel vision
Papilloedema
Glaucoma
Retinitis pigmentosa
Choriodoretinitis
Optic atrophy
Hysteria
Angioid retinal streaks
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum
Ehler danlos syndrome
Paget’s disease
Sickle cell anemia
Acromegaly
