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Ophthalmology Flashcards

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1
Q

MC site of mouth cancer

A

Tongue 50%

Floor 2nd

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2
Q

Central Scotoma is sign of what ocular disease

A

AMD
Optic neuritis
toxic/nutritional (alcohol, smoking, drug isoniazid, ethambutol)
(b12, thiamine, folic)

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3
Q

Bitemporal hemianopia is caused by what

A

Pituitary adenoma

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4
Q

RA can cause what kind of -itis

A

scleritis, uveitis, episcleritis

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5
Q

Topical steroids SE

A

raised IOP, cataract, increased risk of herpes simplex keratitis

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6
Q

what meds cause dilation of pupils

A

Phenylephrine (alpha-agonist)

anti-muscarinic
tropocamide (few hr)
cyclopentolate (1 wk)
atropine (10 days)

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7
Q

What meds cause constriction of pupils

A

pilocarpine (muscarinic agonist)

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8
Q

Tx for glaucoma

A 
Prostaglandin
alpha agonist
beta blocker
acetazolamide
(decrease aqueous production, increase outflow)
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9
Q

S&S of Holmes-Adie syndrome

A

dilated pupil that will not constrict w light

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10
Q

What drugs have ocular complication?

A

ethambutol
hydroxychloroquine
tamoxifen
amiodarone

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11
Q

A dilated pupil is seen in the use of what meds

A

Atropine
phenylephrine
tropocamide
cyclopentolate

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12
Q

what can cause 3rd nerve palsy

A

aneurysm of pos comm a
GCA
diabetes
vascular

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13
Q

signs of 3rd nerve palsy

A

mydriasis
rapd
eye deviate outwards and downwards
ptosis

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14
Q

Luekocoria may be caused by?

A

retinoblastoma

congenital cataracts

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15
Q

Commonest intraocular tumour in adults

A

malignant melanoma

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16
Q

Commonest eyelid neoplasm

A

BCC

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17
Q

What is entropian, ectropian,

A 
entropian = inside (en=in)
ectropian = turned out
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18
Q

result of SBS

A

shearing of bridging veins between dura and subrachnoid

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19
Q

Allergic conjunctivitis and vernal conjunctivitis is mediated by what Ig?

A

IgE

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20
Q

Common features of RD

A

floaters, photopsia, RAPD, acuity affected

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21
Q

Tx for RD

A

vitrectomy, sclera buckle, membranectomy, pneumatic retinoplexy

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22
Q

Tx of vitreous haemorrhage

A

Leave it, will resolve in 2months, else do laser

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23
Q

how long till CRAO is irreversible

24
Q

what are the meds for bacterial conjunctivitis

Study These Flashcards
A

chloramphenicol
fluoroquinolone
cephalosporin
vancomycin

25
what is the Hutchinson sign
bullous on skin of tip of nose - should worry about herpes zoster ophthalmicus - nasociliary n of mandibular n of trigeminal n
26
what does the uvea entail
iris, ciliary body, choroid & retina (all the pigmented stuff) - break it into anterior and posterior uvea
27
S&S of anterior uveitis
ciliary flush pain redness synechia
28
aetiology of uveitis
``` HLA-B27 behcet disease - blood vessel inflammation IBD sarcoidosis TB toxoplasmosis ```
29
S&S of acute angle closed glaucoma
``` coloured halo pain worsen at night, wake up to vomit rock hard eyes blur vision frontal headache fixed mid dilated pupil ```
30
Tx of AACG
beta,alpha acetazolamide laser iridotomy
31
Aetiology of scleritis
mostly associated with system disease e.g. RA, SLE, herpes zoster ophthalmicus
32
management of AMD
antioxidants anti-VEGF (Avastin) Micro-incision Hubble implant/miniature telescope
33
difference btwn wet and dry AMD
acute VS chronic LC vs MC neovascularization VS none (Btwn RPE and Bruch's membrane)
34
RF of AMD
smoking, alcohol, Caucasian, age, obesity
35
What is the schirmer's test
confirm Sjogren's (<5mm in 5 min = +ve)
36
what -itis can RA cause
scleritis, episcleritis, uveitis
37
what -it is can ankylosing spondylitis cause
iritis
38
S&S of GCA
jaw claudication temporal headache scalp tenderness Acute LOV
39
what are the 4 visual type in Migraine
hemianopia zig zag bright/dark spots scintillating scotomas
40
Choroidal met, which sites
``` Lungs (focal, single met) breast (multifocal, bilat) bowel kidney thyroid skin ```
41
S&S of neurofibromatosis
Lisch nodules Café Au Lait Freckling in axillary/groin
42
Tx of choroidal met/melanoma
proton beam < plaque radiotherapy < enucleation
43
What is linked to presbyopia
presbyopia = loss of accommodative power w age CN III & II (conversion, miosis, constricting of ciliary muscle)
44
LASIK vs LASEK/PRK
visual recovery faster less discomfort post op but risk of flap problem (hole, dislodge) no for thin cornea or contact sports
45
What is strabismus and what is diplopia
strabismus is misalignment | while diplopia is double image
46
What age group is MC for SBS
5-10mths
47
Classic triad of SBS
1. intracranial haemorrhage 2. brain oedema (diffuse axonal damage) 3. retinal haemorrhage + retinoschisis
48
Px of SBS
Poor 2/3, good 1/3 20% die out right else have long term sequelae
49
Where are BCC of eye MC located
lower lid
50
what is chalazion
blockage of meibomian gland, resulting in a cyst
51
What is Marcus Gunn
mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve is misdirected to levator muscle (normally CN3), winking when chewing etc.
52
Aetiology of orbital cellulitis
often spread from sinuses (acute sinusitis)
53
patho of NAION
occlusion of short ciliary artery - infarction of optic nerve head
54
CNIV & CNVI brain location
mid brain VS pons
55
type of cataracts
nuclear sclerosis cortical (peripheral) posterior subcapsular (steroids, central)
56
congenital cataracts are caused by?
intrauterine infx (rubella, CMV, herpes) FH - down's
57
what are SE of steroid use
glaucoma, cataracts

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