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Year 2 MBChB > Ophthalmology > Flashcards

Ophthalmology Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

What is the presentation of episcleritis?

A 
Painless 
Red eye 
Tearing 
Normal visual acuity 
No discharge
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2
Q

What is scleritis?

A

Inflamm through entire thickness of sclera

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3
Q

What is seen on fundoscopy in papilloedema?

A

Venous engorgement: 1st time
Loss of venous pulsation
Blurring of optic disc margin
Loss of cup

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4
Q

What is the management of open angle glaucoma?

A

Latanoprost, laser therapy, trabeculectomy, artificial shunts

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5
Q

What causes an argyll-Robertson pupil?

A

DM, syphilis

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6
Q

What is the presentation of allergic conjunctivitis?

A

Bilateral
Itchiness
History of atopy
Seasonal

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7
Q

What are the features of proliferative diabetic retinopathy?

A

Neovascular changes, haemorrhages

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8
Q

What are the features of an argyll-Robertson pupil?

A

Accommodates but doesn’t react

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9
Q

What are the causes of papilloedema?

A

Space occupying lesion
Malignant hypertension
Hydrocephalus
Hypercapnia

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10
Q

What is the presentation of bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

Purulent discharge

Eyes stick together

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11
Q

What is episcleritis?

A

Inflamm of superficial, episcleral layer of the eye

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12
Q

How is acute angle closure glaucoma managed?

A

Reducing secretions: acetazolamide, pupillary constriction: topical pilocarpine

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13
Q

What is blepharitis?

A

Inflamm of eyelid margins

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14
Q

What is wet macular degeneration?

A

Choroidal neovascularisation –> leakage of serous fluid –> rapid loss of vision

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15
Q

What is the management of allergic conjunctivitis?

A

Antihistamines

Topical mast cell stabilisers

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16
Q

What conditions are associated with anterior uveitis?

A

Ank spond
Reactive arthritis
IBD
Behcets

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17
Q

What can posterior blepharitis be due to?

A

Seborrhoeic dermatitis

Staph infection

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18
Q

What is the management of nasolacrimal obstruction?

A

Lacrimal duct massage

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19
Q

What is the management of dacrocystitis?

A

Systemic abx

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20
Q

What is dacrocystitis?

A

Infection of the lacrimal sac

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21
Q

What are predisposing factors to acute angle closure glaucoma?

A

Hypermetropia, pupillary dilation, age

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22
Q

What is loss of vision due to in diabetic retinopathy?

A

Retinal detachment, retinal oedema, vitreous haemorrhage

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23
Q

What are features of posterior vitreous detachment?

A

Flashers and floaters prior to vision loss

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24
Q

What is the management of cataracts??

A

Lens replacement, phacoemulsification

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25
What are the causes of optic neuritis?
MS, DM, syphilis
26
What is a side effect of latanoprost?
Brown pigmentation of iris
27
What do beta blockers do (eye wise)?
Reduce aqueous production
28
What are the RFs for open angle glaucoma?
Age, FH, black people, ocular hypertension, myopia, retinal disease
29
What are the RFs for cataracts?
Smoking, diabetes, FH, UV, hypertension, steroids
30
What is the presentation of open angle glaucoma?
Initial peripheral vision loss --> complete vision loss
31
What is the presentation of viral conjunctivitis?
Watery discharge Recent URTI Periauricular LN
32
What is a high IOP?
> 21mmHg
33
What is the management of keratitis?
Ofloxacin Aciclovir Oral/topical steroids
34
What is the management of optic neuritis?
High dose steroids
35
What are the features of optic neuritis?
Unilateral decrease in VA, red desaturation, pain worse on eye movement, RAPD, central scotoma
36
What are the investigations done in open angle glaucoma?
Fundoscopy, tonometry
37
What is the presentation of cataracts?
Spots in vision, haloes around bright lights, poor vision
38
What is the presentation of keratitis?
``` Red eye Pain Erythema Gritty Photophobia Hypopyon ```
39
What is the presentation of dacrocystitis?
Watering eye | Swelling and erythema at inner cants of eye
40
What is the presentation of anterior uveitis?
``` Pain Small pupil Blurred vision Red eyes Photophobia Hypopyon ```
41
What is keratitis?
Inflammation of the cornea
42
How does dry macular degeneration present?
usually incidental, difficulty reading that worsens. Straight lines appear wavy
43
What can anterior blepharitis be due to?
Meibomian gland dysfunction
44
What is dry macular degeneration?
Progressive atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium, choriocapillaries and photoreceptors
45
What are the features of acute angle closure glaucoma?
Mid dilated pupil, pain, haloes around lights, hazy/dull cornea, systemic upset, decreased VA
46
What are causes of acute vision loss?
Open angle glaucoma, cataracts, dry macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy
47
What is the management of blepharitis?
Hot compress Mechanical removal of lid debris Artificial tears
48
What is seen on fundoscopy in open angle glaucoma?
Pale disc, hazy contour of disc
49
What is keratitis associated with?
RA Wegeners Hypersensitivity
50
What are the features of retinal detachment?
Curtain coming down, straight lines appear curved
51
What is the management of episcleritis?
Self-resolving
52
What is the management of infective conjunctivitis?
Normally self limiting Chloramphenicol Fusidic acid in pregnant women Don't wear contact lenses
53
What is the presentation of scleritis?
``` Severe/constant eye pain Red eye Photophobia Normal VA Watering ```
54
What is the pathophysiology of non proliferative diabetic retinopathy?
Hypertglycaemia --> pericyte death --> thickening of retinal basement membrane --> increased vasc permeability --> retinal oedema --> hard exudates
55
What is acute angle closure glaucoma due to?
Impairment of aqueous outflow
56
What is the management of wet macular degeneration?
Photocoag, PDT, anti-VEGF
57
What are the features of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy?
Micro-aneurysms, dot and blot haemorrhages, retinal oedema, hard exudates
58
What does latanoprost do?
increases uveoscleral outflow
59
What is the management of anterior uveitis?
Atropine, cyclopentolate Steroid eye drops Urgent referral
60
What is seen on fundoscopy in dry macular degeneration?
Drusen (yellow spots over macula), macular scar may develop
61
What is the management of scleritis?
PO NSAIDs | PO pred
62
What is the presentation of blepharitis?
``` Grittiness Sticky eyes Red eyelid margins May be styes/chalazion Secondary conjunctivitis ```

Year 2 MBChB (8 decks)

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